Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1975 Sep;150(3):441–451. doi: 10.1042/bj1500441

Studies on the role of insulin in the regulation of glyceride synthesis in rat epididymal adipose tissue.

S R Sooranna, E D Saggerson
PMCID: PMC1165759  PMID: 1212201

Abstract

1. When rat isolated fat-cells were incubated with fructose and palmitate, insulin significantly stimulated glyceride synthesis as measured by either [14C]fructose incorporation into the glycerol moiety or of [3H]palmitate incorporation into the acyl moiety of tissue glycerides. Under certain conditions the effect of insulin on glyceride synthesis was greater than the effect of insulin on fructose uptake. 2. In the presence of palmitate, insulin slightly stimulated (a) [14C]pyruvate incorporation into glyceride glycerol of fat-cells and (b) 3H2O incorporation into glyceride glycerol of incubated fat-pads. 3. At low extracellular total concentrations of fatty acids (in the presence of albumin), insulin stimulated [14C]fructose, [14C]pyruvate and 3H2O incorporation into fat-cell fatty acids. Increasing the extracellular fatty acid concentration greatly inhibited fatty acid synthesis from these precursors and also greatly decreased the extent of apparent stimulation of fatty acid synthesis by insulin. 4. These results are discussed in relation to the suggestion [A.P. Halestrap & R.M.Denton (1974) Biochem. J. 142, 365-377] that the tissue may contain a specific acyl-binding protein which is subject to regulation. It is suggested that an insulin-sensitive enzyme component of the glyceride-synthesis process may play such a role.

Full text

PDF
441

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BALLY P. R., CAHILL G. F., Jr, LEBOEUF B., RENOLD A. E. Studies on rat adipose tissue in vitro. V. Effects of glucose and insulin on the metabolism of palmitate-1-C14. J Biol Chem. 1960 Feb;235:333–336. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BORGSTROM B. Investigation on lipid separation methods. Separation of cholesterol esters, glycerides and free fatty acids. Acta Physiol Scand. 1952 Jun 6;25(2-3):111–119. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00863.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BRUCE H. M., PARKES A. S. Feeding and breeding of laboratory animals; a complete cubed diet for mice and rats. J Hyg (Lond) 1949 Jun;47(2):202–208. doi: 10.1017/s0022172400014479. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Blecher M., Merlino N. S., Ro'Ane J. T. Controle of the metabolism and lipolytic effects of cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate in adipose tissue by insulin, methyl xanthines, and nicotinic acid. J Biol Chem. 1968 Jul 25;243(14):3973–3977. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Bohmer T. Tissue levels of activated fatty acids (acylcarnitines) and the regulation of fatty acid metabo.ism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1967 Oct 2;144(2):259–270. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. CROFFORD O. B., RENOLD A. E. GLUCOSE UPTAKE BY INCUBATED RAT EPIDIDYMAL ADIPOSE TISSUE. RATE-LIMITING STEPS AND SITE OF INSULIN ACTION. J Biol Chem. 1965 Jan;240:14–21. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Coore H. G., Denton R. M., Martin B. R., Randle P. J. Regulation of adipose tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase by insulin and other hormones. Biochem J. 1971 Nov;125(1):115–127. doi: 10.1042/bj1250115. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Crofford O. B., Stauffacher W., Jeanrenaud B., Renold A. E. Glucose transport in isolated fat cells. Procedures for measurement of the intracellular water space. Helv Physiol Pharmacol Acta. 1966;24(1):45–57. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Davies P., Cryer A., Robinson D. S. Hormonal control of adipose tissue clearing factor lipase activity. FEBS Lett. 1974 Sep 1;45(1):271–275. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(74)80860-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Denton R. M., Yorke R. E., Randle P. J. Measurement of concentrations of metabolites in adipose tissue and effects of insulin, alloxan-diabetes and adrenaline. Biochem J. 1966 Aug;100(2):407–419. doi: 10.1042/bj1000407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. EVANS W. H., MUELLER P. S. EFFECTS OF PALMITATE ON THE METABOLISM OF LEUKOCYTES FROM GUINEA PIG EXUDATE. J Lipid Res. 1963 Jan;4:39–45. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. FAIN J. N. EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE AND 2-DEOXY-D-GLUCOSE ON FRUCTOSE AND GLUCTOSE METABOLISM BY INCUBATED ADIPOSE TISSUE. J Biol Chem. 1964 Apr;239:958–962. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. FROESCH E. R., GINSBERG J. L. Fructose metabolism of adipose tissue. I. Comparison of fructose and glucose metabolism in epididymal adipose tissue of normal rats. J Biol Chem. 1962 Nov;237:3317–3324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fain J. N., Kovacev V. P., Scow R. O. Antilipolytic effect of insulin in isolated fat cells of the rat. Endocrinology. 1966 Apr;78(4):773–778. doi: 10.1210/endo-78-4-773. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. GORDON R. S., Jr, CHERKES A. Production of unesterified fatty acids from isolated rat adipose tissue incubated in vitro. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1958 Jan;97(1):150–151. doi: 10.3181/00379727-97-23672. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Goodridge A. G. Regulation of fatty acid synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. Evidence for a physiological role for long chain fatty acyl coenzyme A and citrate. J Biol Chem. 1973 Jun 25;248(12):4318–4326. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Goodridge A. G. Regulation of the activity of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase by palmitoyl coenzyme A and citrate. J Biol Chem. 1972 Nov 10;247(21):6946–6952. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Halestrap A. P., Denton R. M. Hormonal regulation of adipose-tissue acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase by changes in the polymeric state of the enzyme. The role of long-chain fatty acyl-Coenzyme A thioesters and citrate. Biochem J. 1974 Aug;142(2):365–377. doi: 10.1042/bj1420365. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Halestrap A. P., Denton R. M. Insulin and the regulation of adipose tissue acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase. Biochem J. 1973 Mar;132(3):509–517. doi: 10.1042/bj1320509. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Halperin M. L. Studies on the conversion of pyruvate into fatty acids in white adipose tissue. Effects of insulin, alloxan-diabetes and starvation. Biochem J. 1971 Sep;124(3):615–621. doi: 10.1042/bj1240615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. ITAYA K., UI M. COLORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. J Lipid Res. 1965 Jan;6:16–20. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Illiano G., Cuatrecasas P. Glucose transport in fat cell membranes. J Biol Chem. 1971 Apr 25;246(8):2472–2479. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. JUNGAS R. L., BALL E. G. Studies on the metabolism of adipose tissue. XII. The effects of insulin and epinephrine on free fatty acid and glycerol production in the presence and absence of glucose. Biochemistry. 1963 Mar-Apr;2:383–388. doi: 10.1021/bi00902a035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Jungas R. L. Effect of insulin on fatty acid ynthesis from pyruvate, lactage, or endogenous sources in adipose tissue: evidence for the hormonal regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase. Endocrinology. 1970 Jun;86(6):1368–1375. doi: 10.1210/endo-86-6-1368. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kather H., Rivera M., Brand K. Interrelationship and control of glucose metabolism and lipogenesis in isolated fat-cells. Effect of the amount of glucose uptake on the rates of the pentose phosphate cycle and of fatty acid synthesis. Biochem J. 1972 Aug;128(5):1089–1096. doi: 10.1042/bj1281089. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Katz J., Landau B. R., Bartsch G. E. The pentose cycle, triose phosphate isomerization, and lipogenesis in rat adipose tissue. J Biol Chem. 1966 Feb 10;241(3):727–740. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Martin B. R., Denton R. M., Pask H. T., Randle P. J. Mechanisms regulating adipose-tissue pyruvate dehydrogenase. Biochem J. 1972 Sep;129(3):763–773. doi: 10.1042/bj1290763. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Martin D. B., Carter J. R., Jr Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by subcellular particles from adipose tissue cells. Science. 1970 Feb 6;167(3919):873–874. doi: 10.1126/science.167.3919.873. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Mowbray J. A mitochondrial monocarboxylate transporter in rat liver and heart and its possible function in cell control. Biochem J. 1975 Apr;148(1):41–47. doi: 10.1042/bj1480041. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Patten R. L. The reciprocal regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity and hormone-sensitive lipase activity in rat adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 1970 Nov 10;245(21):5577–5584. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. RODBELL M. METABOLISM OF ISOLATED FAT CELLS. I. EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND LIPOLYSIS. J Biol Chem. 1964 Feb;239:375–380. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Saggerson E. D., Greenbaum A. L. The regulation of triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid synthesis in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Biochem J. 1970 Sep;119(2):193–219. doi: 10.1042/bj1190193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Saggerson E. D. The regulation of glyceride synthesis in isolated white-fat cells. The effects of palmitate and lipolytic agents. Biochem J. 1972 Aug;128(5):1057–1067. doi: 10.1042/bj1281057. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Saggerson E. D., Tomassi G. The regulation of glyceride synthesis from pyruvate in isolated fat cells. The effects of palmitate and alteration of dietary status. Eur J Biochem. 1971 Nov 11;23(1):109–117. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1971.tb01597.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Salaman M. R., Robinson D. S. Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. A medium in which the enzyme activity of tissue from starved rats increases in vitro. Biochem J. 1966 Jun;99(3):640–647. doi: 10.1042/bj0990640. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Sica V., Cuatrecasas P. Effects of insulin, epinephrine, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate on pyruvate dehydrogenase of adipose tissue. Biochemistry. 1973 Jun 5;12(12):2282–2291. doi: 10.1021/bi00736a016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Weiss L., Löffler G., Schirmann A., Wieland O. Control of pyruvate dehydrogenase interconversion in adipose tissue by insulin. FEBS Lett. 1971 Jun 24;15(3):229–231. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(71)80318-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Wing D. R., Robinson D. S. Clearing-factor lipase in adipose tissue. Studies with puromycin and actinomycin. Biochem J. 1968 Feb;106(3):667–676. doi: 10.1042/bj1060667. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES