Skip to main content
Biochemical Journal logoLink to Biochemical Journal
. 1974 Feb;137(2):355–362. doi: 10.1042/bj1370355

Isolation of nuclear acidic proteins from rat tissues. Characterization of acetylated liver nuclear acidic proteins

D Suria 1, C C Liew 1
PMCID: PMC1166124  PMID: 4596143

Abstract

Nuclear acidic proteins isolated from rat brain, heart, kidney and liver showed similar, complex patterns on electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gels. The contamination of nuclear acidic proteins by nuclear-membrane acidic proteins was found to the extent of 11%. Incorporation of [3H]acetate into the various nuclear acidic proteins in vivo, which were fractionated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, differed from tissue to tissue. Hydrolysis of these acetylated nuclear acidic proteins with 6m-HCl at 110°C released 70% of the radioactivity, which indicated that labile acetyl groups had been incorporated into these proteins. Analysis of [3H]acetate-labelled nuclear acidic proteins revealed two acetylated amino acid residues, N2-acetylserine and N2-acetyl-lysine. The significance of the role played by nuclear acidic proteins in relation to gene regulation is discussed.

Full text

PDF
356

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BARTLETT G. R. Phosphorus assay in column chromatography. J Biol Chem. 1959 Mar;234(3):466–468. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BURTON K. A study of the conditions and mechanism of the diphenylamine reaction for the colorimetric estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid. Biochem J. 1956 Feb;62(2):315–323. doi: 10.1042/bj0620315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benjamin W., Gellhorn A. Acidic proteins of mammalian nuclei: isolation and characterization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Jan;59(1):262–268. doi: 10.1073/pnas.59.1.262. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dixon G. H. The basic proteins of trout testis chromatin: aspects of their synthesis, post-synthetic modifications and binding to DNA. Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh) 1972;168:130–154. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.071s130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Elgin S. C., Bonner J. Limited heterogeneity of the major nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Biochemistry. 1970 Oct 27;9(22):4440–4447. doi: 10.1021/bi00824a027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Gershey E. L., Vidali G., Allfrey V. G. Chemical studies of histone acetylation. The occurrence of epsilon-N-acetyllysine in the f2a1 histone. J Biol Chem. 1968 Oct 10;243(19):5018–5022. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Johnson E. M., Allfrey V. G. Differential effects of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate on phosphorylation of rat liver nuclear acidic proteins. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1972 Oct;152(2):786–794. doi: 10.1016/0003-9861(72)90274-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jungmann R. A., Schweppe J. S. Mechanism of action of gonadotropin. I. Evidence for gonadotropin-induced modifications of ovarian nuclear basic and acidic protein biosynthesis, phosphorylation, and acetylation. J Biol Chem. 1972 Sep 10;247(17):5535–5542. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Kamiyama M., Wang T. Y. Activated transcription from rat liver chromatin by non-histone proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Jan 28;228(2):563–576. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90062-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Kashnig D. M., Kasper C. B. Isolation, morphology, and composition of the nuclear membrane from rat liver. J Biol Chem. 1969 Jul 25;244(14):3786–3792. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kay R. R., Fraser D., Johnston I. R. A method for the rapid isolation of nuclear membranes from rat liver. Characterisation of the membrane preparation and its associated DNA polymerase. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Oct 17;30(1):145–154. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb02081.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kleinsmith L. J., Allfrey V. G., Mirsky A. E. Phosphoprotein metabolism in isolated lymphocyte nuclei. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 May;55(5):1182–1189. doi: 10.1073/pnas.55.5.1182. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. LOWRY O. H., ROSEBROUGH N. J., FARR A. L., RANDALL R. J. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 1951 Nov;193(1):265–275. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Libby P. R. Histone acetylation and hormone action. Early effects of oestradiol-17beta on histone acetylation in rat uterus. Biochem J. 1972 Dec;130(3):663–669. doi: 10.1042/bj1300663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Liew C. C., Gornall A. G. Acetylation of ribosomal proteins. I. Characterization and properties of rat liver ribosomal proteins. J Biol Chem. 1973 Feb 10;248(3):977–983. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Liew C. C., Korner A. The effect of cell-sap fractions on incorporation of amino acids into protein in rat liver cell-free systems. Can J Biochem. 1970 Jul;48(7):736–739. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Liew C. C., Liu D. K., Gornall A. G. Effects of aldosterone on RNA polymerase in rat heart and kidney nuclei. Endocrinology. 1972 Feb;90(2):488–495. doi: 10.1210/endo-90-2-488. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Liew C. C., Suria D., Gornall A. G. Effects of aldosterone on acetylation and phosphorylation of chromosomal proteins. Endocrinology. 1973 Nov;93(5):1025–1034. doi: 10.1210/endo-93-5-1025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Louie A. J., Dixon G. H. Kinetics of enzymatic modification of the protamines and a proposal for their binding to chromatin. J Biol Chem. 1972 Dec 25;247(24):7962–7968. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. MAZUR R. H., ELLIS B. W., CAMMARATA P. S. A new reagent for detection of peptides, nucleotides, and other N-H-containing compounds on paper chromatograms. J Biol Chem. 1962 May;237:1619–1621. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. MacGillivray A. J., Cameron A., Krauze R. J., Rickwood D., Paul J. The non-histone proteins of chromatin, their isolation and composition in a number of tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1972 Aug 25;277(2):384–402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Mizuno N. S., Stoops C. E., Sinha A. A. DNA synthesis associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. Nat New Biol. 1971 Jan 6;229(1):22–24. doi: 10.1038/newbio229022a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Paul J., Gilmour R. S. Organ-specific restriction of transcription in mammalian chromatin. J Mol Biol. 1968 Jul 14;34(2):305–316. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(68)90255-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Shelton K. R., Allfrey V. G. Selective synthesis of a nuclear acidic protein in liver cells stimulated by cortisol. Nature. 1970 Oct 10;228(5267):132–134. doi: 10.1038/228132a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Shelton K. R., Neelin J. M. Nuclear residual proteins from goose erythroid cells and liver. Biochemistry. 1971 Jun 8;10(12):2342–2348. doi: 10.1021/bi00788a026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Tata J. R., Hamilton M. J., Cole R. D. Membrane phospholipids associated with nuclei and chromatin: melting profile, template activity and stability of chromatin. J Mol Biol. 1972 Jun 20;67(2):231–246. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90238-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Teng C. S., Hamilton T. H. Role of chromatin in estrogen action in the uterus. II. Hormone-induced synthesis of nonhistone acidic proteins which restore histone-inhibited DNA-dependent RNA synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1969 Jun;63(2):465–472. doi: 10.1073/pnas.63.2.465. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Teng C. S., Teng C. T., Allfrey V. G. Studies of nuclear acidic proteins. Evidence for their phosphorylation, tissue specificity, selective binding to deoxyribonucleic acid, and stimulation effects on transcription. J Biol Chem. 1971 Jun 10;246(11):3597–3609. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Terhorst C., Wittmann-Liebold B., Möller W. 50-S ribosomal proteins. Peptide studies on two acidic proteins, A 1 and A 2 , isolated from 50-S ribosomes of Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1972 Jan 31;25(1):13–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1972.tb01661.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Vidali G., Gershey E. L., Allfrey V. G. Chemical studies of histone acetylation. The distribution of epsilon-N-acetyllysine in calf thymus histones. J Biol Chem. 1968 Dec 25;243(24):6361–6366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wang T. Y. Solubilization and characterization of the residual proteins of the cell nucleus. J Biol Chem. 1966 Jun 25;241(12):2913–2917. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wang T. Y. The isolation, properties, and possible functions of chromatin acidic proteins. J Biol Chem. 1967 Mar 25;242(6):1220–1226. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Weber K., Osborn M. The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. J Biol Chem. 1969 Aug 25;244(16):4406–4412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biochemical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biochemical Society

RESOURCES