Skip to main content
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1986 Dec 1;5(12):3361–3366. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04651.x

DNA sequences required for expression of a Dictyostelium actin gene.

S M Cohen, D Knecht, H F Lodish, W F Loomis
PMCID: PMC1167334  PMID: 3028782

Abstract

A 2.8-kb fragment of 5' non-coding DNA from the Dictyostelium actin 15 gene has previously been shown to contain all of the cis-acting DNA sequence elements required for normal developmentally-regulated transcription of actin gene fusion RNAs when reintroduced into the genome by DNA-mediated transformation. Deletion analysis of this promoter fragment indicates that all of the necessary information is contained within a 270-bp fragment of actin 15 5' non-coding DNA. This fragment contains four short G/C-rich repeated sequences that are also found in other co-regulated Dictyostelium actin genes. A 12-bp consensus sequence, AAAAATGGGG/ATT, is present in the regions essential for expression of two different Dictyostelium actin genes, actin 6 and actin 15, but is absent from an actin gene showing a different temporal pattern of developmental regulation. Deletion analysis and DNase I footprinting implicate this sequence as a functional cis-acting element required for transcription of the actin 15 gene.

Full text

PDF
3366

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Firtel R. A., Timm R., Kimmel A. R., McKeown M. Unusual nucleotide sequences at the 5' end of actin genes in Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Dec;76(12):6206–6210. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.12.6206. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Galas D. J., Schmitz A. DNAse footprinting: a simple method for the detection of protein-DNA binding specificity. Nucleic Acids Res. 1978 Sep;5(9):3157–3170. doi: 10.1093/nar/5.9.3157. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Kimmel A. R., Firtel R. A. Sequence organization in Dictyostelium: unique structure at the 5'-ends of protein coding genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983 Jan 25;11(2):541–552. doi: 10.1093/nar/11.2.541. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Kindle K. L., Firtel R. A. Identification and analysis of Dictyostelium actin genes, a family of moderately repeated genes. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):763–778. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90262-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):560–564. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.560. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. McKeown M., Firtel R. A. Differential expression and 5' end mapping of actin genes in Dictyostelium. Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):799–807. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90105-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. McKeown M., Firtel R. A. Evidence for sub-families of actin genes in Dictyostelium as determined by comparisons of 3' end sequences. J Mol Biol. 1981 Oct 5;151(4):593–606. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90425-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. McKeown M., Taylor W. C., Kindle K. L., Firtel R. A., Bender W., Davidson N. Multiple, heterogeneous actin genes in Dictyostelium. Cell. 1978 Nov;15(3):789–800. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90264-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Nellen W., Silan C., Firtel R. A. DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium discoideum: regulated expression of an actin gene fusion. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Dec;4(12):2890–2898. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.12.2890. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Oka A., Sugisaki H., Takanami M. Nucleotide sequence of the kanamycin resistance transposon Tn903. J Mol Biol. 1981 Apr 5;147(2):217–226. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90438-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Romans P., Firtel R. A. Organization of the Dictyostelium discoideum actin multigene family. Flanking sequences show subfamily homologies and unusual dyad symmetries. J Mol Biol. 1985 Jun 5;183(3):311–326. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90003-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Romans P., Firtel R. A. Organization of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum and analysis of variability in the protein coding regions. J Mol Biol. 1985 Nov 20;186(2):321–335. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90108-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Romans P., Firtel R. A., Saxe C. L., 3rd Gene-specific expression of the actin multigene family of Dictyostelium discoideum. J Mol Biol. 1985 Nov 20;186(2):337–355. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90109-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Stinchcomb D. T., Thomas M., Kelly J., Selker E., Davis R. W. Eukaryotic DNA segments capable of autonomous replication in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Aug;77(8):4559–4563. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.8.4559. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Tsang A. S., Mahbubani H., Williams J. G. Cell-type-specific actin mRNA populations in dictyostelium discoideum. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):375–382. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90131-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES