Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Anatomy logoLink to Journal of Anatomy
. 1982 Mar;134(Pt 2):299–314.

Craniofacial morphology and growth in the rat. Cephalometric analysis of the effects of a low calcium and vitamin D-deficient diet.

C Engström, A Linde, B Thilander
PMCID: PMC1167919  PMID: 7076557

Abstract

The influence of a low calcium and vitamin D-deficient diet on the growth and form of the skull of the growing rat was studied using a cephalometric radiographic technique. First, this technique was used to obtain an intra-individual cephalometric description of the normal growth and form of the skull at different ages during postnatal growth in the rat. It was shown that the methodological error and the biological variation between animals were significantly lower than the registered growth changes, thus demonstrating the suitability of the technique. In the animals fed the low calcium and vitamin D-deficient diet and impaired increase in body weight was found. This diet also caused changes in cranial dimensions, both when the deficient animals were compared with control animals of the same age and with control animals with the same weight. It was concluded that the vitamin D-free and low calcium diet caused a disturbed osteogenesis in growth sites determining the growth and form of the viscerocranium and its relation to the neurocranium.

Full text

PDF
314

Images in this article

303p303-a
on p.303

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ACHESON R. M., MACINTYRE M. N., OLDHAM E. Techniques in longitudinal studies of the skeletal development of the rat. Br J Nutr. 1959;13:283–292. doi: 10.1079/bjn19590039. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ASLING C. W., FRANK H. R. ROENTGEN CEPHALOMETRIC STUDIES ON SKULL DEVELOPMENT IN RATS. I. NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALES. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1963 Dec;21:527–543. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330210410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BAER M. J., MOSS M. L. Differential growth of the rat skull. Growth. 1956 Jun;20(2):107–120. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BAER M. J. Patterns of growth of the skull as revealed by vital staining. Hum Biol. 1954 May;26(2):80–126. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baylink D., Stauffer M., Wergedal J., Rich C. Formation, mineralization, and resorption of bone in vitamin D-deficient rats. J Clin Invest. 1970 Jun;49(6):1122–1134. doi: 10.1172/JCI106328. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cleall J. F., Wilson G. W., Garnett D. S. Normal craniofacial skeletal growth of the rat. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1968 Sep;29(2):225–242. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330290216. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Engström C., Granström G., Linde A. Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium. II. Changes in activities of alkaline phosphatases. J Oral Pathol. 1977 Nov;6(6):367–372. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1977.tb01802.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Engström C., Jontell M., Linde A. Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium. III. Protein synthesis in vitro. J Oral Pathol. 1978 Aug;7(4):227–235. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1978.tb01597.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Engström C., Linde A., Magnusson B. C. Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium I: A histochemical survey. J Oral Pathol. 1977 Nov;6(6):359–366. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.1977.tb01801.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Engström C. Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium. IV. Lysosomal and energy metabolic enzymes. J Oral Pathol. 1980 Jul;9(4):246–254. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. FERGUSON H. W., HARTLES R. L. The effect of vitamin D on the bones of young rats receiving diets low in calcium or phosphorus. Arch Oral Biol. 1963 May-Jun;8:407–418. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(63)90031-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hughes P. C., Tanner J. M. A longitudinal study of the growth of the black-hooded rat: methods of measurement and rates of growth for skull, limbs, pelvis, nose-rump and tail lengths. J Anat. 1970 Mar;106(Pt 2):349–370. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hughes P. C., Tanner J. M., Williams J. P. A longitudinal radiographic study of the growth of the rat skull. J Anat. 1978 Sep;127(Pt 1):83–91. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. MOSS M. L. Rotations of the cranial components in the growing rat and their experimental alteration. Acta Anat (Basel) 1958;32(1-2):65–86. doi: 10.1159/000141314. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pucciarelli H. M. Craniofacial development of the rat with respect to vestibular orientation. Acta Anat (Basel) 1978;100(1):101–110. doi: 10.1159/000144887. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. RASMUSSEN H., DELUCA H. F. CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS. Ergeb Physiol. 1963;53:108–173. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. STEENBOCK H., HERTING D. C. Vitamin D and growth. J Nutr. 1955 Dec 10;57(4):449–468. doi: 10.1093/jn/57.4.449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Stauffer M., Baylink D., Wergedal J., Rich C. Bone repletion in calcium deficient rats fed a high calcium diet. Calcif Tissue Res. 1972;9(2):163–172. doi: 10.1007/BF02061954. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Stenström S. J., Thilander B. L. Effects of nasal septal cartilage resections on young guinea pigs. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1970 Feb;45(2):160–170. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197002000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Stenström S. J., Thilander B. L. Facial skeleton growth after bone grafting to surgically created premaxillomaxillary suture defects: an experimental study on the guinea pig. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1967 Jul;40(1):1–12. doi: 10.1097/00006534-196707000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wergedal J. E. Enzymes of protein and phosphate catabolism in rat bone. II. Changes in vitamin D deficiency. Calcif Tissue Res. 1969;3(1):67–73. doi: 10.1007/BF02058646. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Yoshiki S., Yanagisawa T., Suda T., Sasaki S. The role of vitamin D in the mineralization of dentin in rats made rachitic by a diet low in calcium and deficient in vitamin D. Calcif Tissue Res. 1974;15(4):295–302. doi: 10.1007/BF02059064. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Anatomy are provided here courtesy of Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

RESOURCES