Skip to main content
PMC home page
Genitourinary Medicine logoLink to Genitourinary Medicine
. 1997 Aug;73(4):245–252. doi: 10.1136/sti.73.4.245

Microbiological diagnosis of gonorrhoea.

A E Jephcott 1
PMCID: PMC1195851  PMID: 9389943

Full text

PDF
251

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abeck D., Alexander F., Johnson A. P., Korting H. C., Taylor-Robinson D. Prevalence of gonococci lacking the 2.6 megadalton cryptic plasmid. Lancet. 1987 Jun 20;1(8547):1440–1440. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)90635-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Amies C. R. A modified formula for the preparation of Stuart's Transport Medium. Can J Public Health. 1967 Jul;58(7):296–300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anand C. M., Gubash S. M., Shaw H. Serologic confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by monoclonal antibody-based coagglutination procedures. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Nov;26(11):2283–2286. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.11.2283-2286.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barlow D., Phillips I. Gonorrhoea in women. Diagnostic, clinical, and laboratory aspects. Lancet. 1978 Apr 8;1(8067):761–764. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(78)90870-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Beebe J. L., Rau M. P., Flageolle S., Calhoon B., Knapp J. S. Incidence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates negative by Syva direct fluorescent-antibody test but positive by Gen-Probe accuprobe test in a sexually transmitted disease clinic population. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Sep;31(9):2535–2537. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.9.2535-2537.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bhattacharyya M. N., Jephcott A. E. Diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women. Role of the rectal sample. Br J Vener Dis. 1974 Apr;50(2):109–112. doi: 10.1136/sti.50.2.109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Birkenmeyer L., Armstrong A. S. Preliminary evaluation of the ligase chain reaction for specific detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 1992 Dec;30(12):3089–3094. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.12.3089-3094.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Brorson J. E., Holmberg I., Nygren B., Seeberg S. Vancomycin-sensitive strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A problem for the diagnostic laboratory. Br J Vener Dis. 1973 Oct;49(5):452–453. doi: 10.1136/sti.49.5.452. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brown J. D., Thomas K. R. Rapid enzyme system for the identification of pathogenic Neisseria spp. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 May;21(5):857–858. doi: 10.1128/jcm.21.5.857-858.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chapel T. A., Smeltzer M. Culture of urinary sediment for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women. Br J Vener Dis. 1975 Feb;51(1):25–27. doi: 10.1136/sti.51.1.25. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Ching S., Lee H., Hook E. W., 3rd, Jacobs M. R., Zenilman J. Ligase chain reaction for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital swabs. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Dec;33(12):3111–3114. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.12.3111-3114.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Curtis G. D., Slack M. P. Wheat-germ agglutination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. A laboratory investigation. Br J Vener Dis. 1981 Aug;57(4):253–255. doi: 10.1136/sti.57.4.253. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. D'Amato R. F., Eriquez L. A., Tomfohrde K. M., Singerman E. Rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis by using enzymatic profiles. J Clin Microbiol. 1978 Jan;7(1):77–81. doi: 10.1128/jcm.7.1.77-81.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DEACON W. E., PEACOCK W. L., Jr, FREEMAN E. M., HARRIS A., BUNCH W. L., Jr Fluorescent antibody tests for detection of the gonococcus in women. Public Health Rep. 1960 Feb;75:125–129. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Danielsson D., Kronvall G. Slide agglutination method for the serological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with anti-gonococcal antibodies adsorbed to protein A-containing staphylococci. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Feb;27(2):368–374. doi: 10.1128/am.27.2.368-374.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Dillon J. R., Carballo M., Pauzé M. Evaluation of eight methods for identification of pathogenic Neisseria species: Neisseria-Kwik, RIM-N, Gonobio-Test, Minitek, Gonochek II, GonoGen, Phadebact Monoclonal GC OMNI Test, and Syva MicroTrak Test. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Mar;26(3):493–497. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.3.493-497.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Doyle R. J., Nedjat-Haiem F., Keller K. F., Frasch C. E. Diagnostic value of interactions between members of the family Neisseriaceae and lectins. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Mar;19(3):383–387. doi: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.383-387.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Evins G. M., Pigott N. E., Knapp J. S., DeWitt W. E. Panel of reference strains for evaluating serologic reagents used to identify gonococci. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Feb;26(2):354–357. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.2.354-357.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Feng W. C., Medeiros A. A., Murray E. S. Diagnosis of gonorrhea in male patients by culture of uncentrifuged first-voided urine. JAMA. 1977 Feb 28;237(9):896–897. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Flynn J., Waitkins S. A. A serum-free medium for testing fermentation reactions in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Pathol. 1972 Jun;25(6):525–527. doi: 10.1136/jcp.25.6.525. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Frasch C. E. Role of lipopolysaccharide in wheat germ agglutinin-mediated agglutination of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 1980 Oct;12(4):498–501. doi: 10.1128/jcm.12.4.498-501.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Freundlich L. F., Rosenthal S. L., Hochberg F. P., Trogele M. R. Comparison of methods for the immunological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical specimens using commercially-obtained reagents. Am J Clin Pathol. 1982 Apr;77(4):456–458. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/77.4.456. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Goodhart M. E., Ogden J., Zaidi A. A., Kraus S. J. Factors affecting the performance of smear and culture tests for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sex Transm Dis. 1982 Apr-Jun;9(2):63–69. doi: 10.1097/00007435-198204000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Granato P. A. PACE (Probe Assay--Chemiluminescence Enhanced). A magnetic bead assay for the noncultural diagnosis of gonorrhea. Methods Mol Biol. 1994;28:209–216. doi: 10.1385/0-89603-254-x:209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Granato P. A., Roefaro M. Comparative evaluation of enzyme immunoassay and culture for the laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea. Am J Clin Pathol. 1985 May;83(5):613–618. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/83.5.613. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ho B. S., Feng W. G., Wong B. K., Egglestone S. I. Polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in clinical samples. J Clin Pathol. 1992 May;45(5):439–442. doi: 10.1136/jcp.45.5.439. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hodge D. S., Ashton F. E., Terro R., Ali A. S. Organism resembling Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Aug;25(8):1546–1547. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.8.1546-1547.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Ison C. A. Laboratory methods in genitourinary medicine. Methods of diagnosing gonorrhoea. Genitourin Med. 1990 Dec;66(6):453–459. doi: 10.1136/sti.66.6.453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ison C. A., McLean K., Gedney J., Munday P. E., Coghill D., Smith R., Harris J. R., Easmon C. S. Evaluation of a direct immunofluorescence test for diagnosing gonorrhoea. J Clin Pathol. 1985 Oct;38(10):1142–1145. doi: 10.1136/jcp.38.10.1142. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Ison C. A., Tanna A., Easmon C. S. Evaluation of a fluorescent monoclonal antibody reagent for identification of cultured Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Med Microbiol. 1988 Jun;26(2):121–123. doi: 10.1099/00222615-26-2-121. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Janda W. M., Zigler K. L., Bradna J. J. API QuadFERM+ with rapid DNase for identification of Neisseria spp. and Branhamella catarrhalis. J Clin Microbiol. 1987 Feb;25(2):203–206. doi: 10.1128/jcm.25.2.203-206.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Jephcott A. E., Bhattacharyya M. N., Jackson D. H. Improved transport and culture system for the rapid diagnosis of gonorrhoea. Br J Vener Dis. 1976 Aug;52(4):250–252. doi: 10.1136/sti.52.4.250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Jephcott A. E., Morton R. S., Turner E. B. Use of transport-and-culture medium combined with immunofluorescence for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea. Lancet. 1974 Nov 30;2(7892):1311–1313. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)90161-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Kellogg D. S., Jr, Turner E. M. Rapid fermentation confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Appl Microbiol. 1973 Apr;25(4):550–552. doi: 10.1128/am.25.4.550-552.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Knapp J. S. Historical perspectives and identification of Neisseria and related species. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1988 Oct;1(4):415–431. doi: 10.1128/cmr.1.4.415. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Kuroki T., Watanabe Y., Asai Y., Yamai S. [Application of urine sediment for diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis by enzyme immunoassay]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1994 May;68(5):607–611. doi: 10.11150/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.68.607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Lairscey R. C., Kelly M. T. Evaluation of a one-hour test for the identification of Neisseria species. J Clin Microbiol. 1985 Aug;22(2):238–240. doi: 10.1128/jcm.22.2.238-240.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Lewis J. S., Kranig-Brown D., Trainor D. A. DNA probe confirmatory test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 Oct;28(10):2349–2350. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.10.2349-2350.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Li F., Bulbul R., Schumacher H. R., Jr, Kieber-Emmons T., Callegari P. E., Von Feldt J. M., Norden D., Freundlich B., Wang B., Imonitie V. Molecular detection of bacterial DNA in venereal-associated arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1996 Jun;39(6):950–958. doi: 10.1002/art.1780390612. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Lind I. Combined use of fluorescent antibody technique and culture on selective medium for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1969;76(2):279–287. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1969.tb03258.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Lind I. Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by means of fluorescent antibody technique. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1967;70(4):613–629. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1967.tb01330.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Martin J. E., Armstrong J. H., Smith P. B. New system for cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Appl Microbiol. 1974 Apr;27(4):802–805. doi: 10.1128/am.27.4.802-805.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Mazloum H., Totten P. A., Brooks G. F., Dawson C. R., Falkow S., James J. F., Knapp J. S., Koomey J. M., Lammel C. J., Peters D. An unusual Neisseria isolated from conjunctival cultures in rural Egypt. J Infect Dis. 1986 Aug;154(2):212–224. doi: 10.1093/infdis/154.2.212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Moore G., Pittard W. B., 3rd, Mosca N., O'Brien W. M. Gonorrhea detection by urine sediment culture. JAMA. 1973 Jun 11;224(11):1499–1501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Moyes A., Young H. An analysis of lectin agglutination as a means of sub-dividing gonococcal serovars. J Med Microbiol. 1992 Jul;37(1):51–55. doi: 10.1099/00222615-37-1-51. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Moyes A., Young H. Fluorescent monoclonal antibody test for the confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Med Lab Sci. 1989 Jan;46(1):6–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Moyes A., Young H. Typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by auxotype, serovar and lectin agglutination. Br J Biomed Sci. 1993 Dec;50(4):295–300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Nachamkin I., Sondheimer S. J., Barbagallo S., Barth S. Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in cervical swabs using the Gonozyme enzyme immunoassay. Clinical evaluation in a university family planning clinic. Am J Clin Pathol. 1984 Oct;82(4):461–465. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/82.4.461. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Noble R. C., Parekh M. C. Bactericidal properties of urine for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Sex Transm Dis. 1987 Oct-Dec;14(4):221–226. doi: 10.1097/00007435-198710000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. O'Rourke M., Stevens E. Genetic structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae populations: a non-clonal pathogen. J Gen Microbiol. 1993 Nov;139(11):2603–2611. doi: 10.1099/00221287-139-11-2603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Perine P. L., Totten P. A., Holmes K. K., Sng E. H., Ratnam A. V., Widy-Wersky R., Nsanze H., Habte-Gabr E., Westbrook W. G. Evaluation of a DNA-hybridization method for detection of African and Asian strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men with urethritis. J Infect Dis. 1985 Jul;152(1):59–63. doi: 10.1093/infdis/152.1.59. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Pistole T. G. Interaction of bacteria and fungi with lectins and lectin-like substances. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1981;35:85–112. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.35.100181.000505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. REYN A. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF GONOCOCCAL INFECTIONS. Bull World Health Organ. 1965;32:449–469. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Reyn A., Bentzon M. W. Comparison of a selective and a non-selective medium in the diagnosis of gonorrhoea to ascertain the sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to vancomycin. Br J Vener Dis. 1972 Oct;48(5):363–368. doi: 10.1136/sti.48.5.363. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Rossau R., Duhamel M., Van Dyck E., Piot P., Van Heuverswyn H. Evaluation of an rRNA-derived oligonucleotide probe for culture confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 1990 May;28(5):944–948. doi: 10.1128/jcm.28.5.944-948.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Rudrik J. T., Waller J. M., Britt E. M. Efficacy of an enzyme immunoassay with uncentrifuged first-voided urine for detection of gonorrhea in males. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Sep;20(3):577–578. doi: 10.1128/jcm.20.3.577-578.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Schachter J., McCormack W. M., Smith R. F., Parks R. M., Bailey R., Ohlin A. C. Enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of gonorrhea. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Jan;19(1):57–59. doi: 10.1128/jcm.19.1.57-59.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Schachter J., Pang F., Parks R. M., Smith R. F., Armstrong A. S. Use of gonozyme on urine sediment for diagnosis of gonorrhea in males. J Clin Microbiol. 1986 Jan;23(1):124–125. doi: 10.1128/jcm.23.1.124-125.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Schaefer R. L., Keller K. F., Doyle R. J. Lectins in diagnostic microbiology: use of wheat germ agglutinin for laboratory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 1979 Nov;10(5):669–672. doi: 10.1128/jcm.10.5.669-672.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Schmale J. D., Martin J. E., Jr, Domescik G. Observations on the culture diagnosis of gonorrhea in women. JAMA. 1969 Oct 13;210(2):312–314. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Schroeter A. L., Pazin G. J. Gonorrhea. Ann Intern Med. 1970 Apr;72(4):553–559. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-72-4-553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Smith J. M., Smith N. H., O'Rourke M., Spratt B. G. How clonal are bacteria? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 15;90(10):4384–4388. doi: 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Smith K. R., Ching S., Lee H., Ohhashi Y., Hu H. Y., Fisher H. C., 3rd, Hook E. W., 3rd Evaluation of ligase chain reaction for use with urine for identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in females attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Feb;33(2):455–457. doi: 10.1128/jcm.33.2.455-457.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Stary A., Ching S. F., Teodorowicz L., Lee H. Comparison of ligase chain reaction and culture for detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in genital and extragenital specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Jan;35(1):239–242. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.1.239-242.1997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Stary A., Kopp W., Zahel B., Nerad S., Teodorowicz L., Hörting-Müller I. Comparison of DNA-probe test and culture for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in genital samples. Sex Transm Dis. 1993 Sep-Oct;20(5):243–247. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199309000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Thin R. N. Immunofluorescent method for diagnosis of gonorrhoea in women. Br J Vener Dis. 1970 Feb;46(1):27–30. doi: 10.1136/sti.46.1.27. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Turner A., Gough K. R., Jephcott A. E. Comparison of three methods for culture confirmation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains currently circulating in the UK. J Clin Pathol. 1995 Oct;48(10):919–923. doi: 10.1136/jcp.48.10.919. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Vlaspolder F., Mutsaers J. A., Blog F., Notowicz A. Value of a DNA probe assay (Gen-Probe) compared with that of culture for diagnosis of gonococcal infection. J Clin Microbiol. 1993 Jan;31(1):107–110. doi: 10.1128/jcm.31.1.107-110.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Vázquez J. A., Berrón S. Lectins agglutination test as an epidemiological marker for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genitourin Med. 1990 Aug;66(4):302–302. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Welch W. D., Cartwright G. Fluorescent monoclonal antibody compared with carbohydrate utilization for rapid identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Feb;26(2):293–296. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.2.293-296.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Woods G. L., Garza D. M. Use of gen-probe probe competition assay as a supplement to probes for direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in urogenital specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1996 Jan;34(1):177–178. doi: 10.1128/jcm.34.1.177-178.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Wright C. J., Jerse A. E., Cohen M. S., Cannon J. G., Seifert H. S. Nonrepresentative PCR amplification of variable gene sequences in clinical specimens containing dilute, complex mixtures of microorganisms. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Feb;32(2):464–468. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.2.464-468.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Yajko D. M., Chu A., Hadley W. K. Rapid confirmatory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with lectins and chromogenic substrates. J Clin Microbiol. 1984 Mar;19(3):380–382. doi: 10.1128/jcm.19.3.380-382.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Young H., Anderson J., Moyes A., McMillan A. Non-cultural detection of rectal and pharyngeal gonorrhoea by the Gen-Probe PACE 2 assay. Genitourin Med. 1997 Feb;73(1):59–62. doi: 10.1136/sti.73.1.59. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Young H. Cultural diagnosis of gonorrhoea with modified New York City (MNYC) medium. Br J Vener Dis. 1978 Feb;54(1):36–40. doi: 10.1136/sti.54.1.36. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Young H., Paterson I. C., McDonald D. R. Rapid carbohydrate utilization test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Br J Vener Dis. 1976 Jun;52(3):172–175. doi: 10.1136/sti.52.3.172. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Young H., Reid K. G. Immunological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with monoclonal and polyclonal antibody coagglutination reagents. J Clin Pathol. 1984 Nov;37(11):1276–1281. doi: 10.1136/jcp.37.11.1276. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Genitourinary Medicine are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES