Abstract
Nine hundred and seventy eight patients admitted with a first myocardial infarction or episode of unstable angina were studied to determine for how long after they gave up smoking did the risk in ex-smokers continue to resemble those of current smokers. Logistic regression was used to calculate a score, based on a combination of age, cholesterol, and hypertension, that separated current smokers from lifetime non-smokers. When this function was applied to ex-smokers, only those who had given up at least 15 years before the attack had a risk factor profile similar to that of non-smokers. Those who had given up less than five years before the ischaemic attack had a significantly higher level of other risk factors than current smokers; those who had stopped for between five and 15 years had levels similar to those of current smokers. Ex-smokers are at higher risk of acute coronary disease for at least 15 years after stopping, but some immediate reduction in risk is possible.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Conroy R. M., Mulcahy R., Hickey N., Daly L. Is a family history of coronary heart disease an independent coronary risk factor? Br Heart J. 1985 Apr;53(4):378–381. doi: 10.1136/hrt.53.4.378. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cook D. G., Shaper A. G., Pocock S. J., Kussick S. J. Giving up smoking and the risk of heart attacks. A report from The British Regional Heart Study. Lancet. 1986 Dec 13;2(8520):1376–1380. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)92017-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Doll R., Gray R., Hafner B., Peto R. Mortality in relation to smoking: 22 years' observations on female British doctors. Br Med J. 1980 Apr 5;280(6219):967–971. doi: 10.1136/bmj.280.6219.967. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gordon T., Kannel W. B., McGee D., Dawber T. R. Death and coronary attacks in men after giving up cigarette smoking. A report from the Framingham study. Lancet. 1974 Dec 7;2(7893):1345–1348. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(74)92214-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hartz A. J., Barboriak P. N., Anderson A. J., Hoffmannn R. G., Barboriak J. J. Smoking, coronary artery occlusion, and nonfatal myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1981 Aug 21;246(8):851–853. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jajich C. L., Ostfeld A. M., Freeman D. H., Jr Smoking and coronary heart disease mortality in the elderly. JAMA. 1984 Nov 23;252(20):2831–2834. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jenkins C. D., Rosenman R. H., Zyzanski S. J. Cigarette smoking. Its relationship to coronary heart disease and related risk factors in the Western Collaborative Group Study. Circulation. 1968 Dec;38(6):1140–1155. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.38.6.1140. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meade T. W., Imeson J., Stirling Y. Effects of changes in smoking and other characteristics on clotting factors and the risk of ischaemic heart disease. Lancet. 1987 Oct 31;2(8566):986–988. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92556-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mulcahy R. Influence of cigarette smoking on morbidity and mortality after myocardial infarction. Br Heart J. 1983 May;49(5):410–415. doi: 10.1136/hrt.49.5.410. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rosenberg L., Kaufman D. W., Helmrich S. P., Shapiro S. The risk of myocardial infarction after quitting smoking in men under 55 years of age. N Engl J Med. 1985 Dec 12;313(24):1511–1514. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198512123132404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]