Skip to main content
PMC home page
Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine logoLink to Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine
. 1985 Jan;49(1):34–42.

An appraisal of bone marrow biopsy in assessment of sick dogs.

B Hoff, J H Lumsden, V E Valli
PMCID: PMC1236113  PMID: 3986679

Abstract

Dogs were classified into a number of disease categories according to hematological, cytological and serochemical changes. Aspiration and core bone marrow biopsies were examined in 128 dogs in the various disease categories and compared to marrow samples in 36 dogs which appeared clinically normal. Differential cell counts on bone marrow smears were examined in relation to the blood variables in all animals. Blood and bone marrow data (group means) were compared among the normal and disease groups. Anemia, responsive and poorly responsive was the most frequent blood abnormality. Most dogs in the thrombocytopenia group had increased numbers of megakaryocytes in the marrow but two dogs had a marked decrease. The frequency of serious alteration of marrow production of the erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocytic series was less than anticipated. Marrow hemopoiesis was not significantly compromised in dogs with lymphoma or in dogs with other types of cancer. Bone marrow examination was necessary for the diagnosis of myelofibrosis and pancytopenia and was very helpful in the groups with insufficient change in the blood to permit a definitive diagnosis to be made. The myeloid-erythroid ratio was a useful indicator of marrow response while the erythroid maturation index and the myeloid maturation index were useful for identification of altered patterns of maturation (ineffective hemopoiesis). The reticulocyte response in absolute numbers is the most efficient and clinically relevant measure of erythroid response.

Full text

PDF
40

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bennett J. M., Catovsky D., Daniel M. T., Flandrin G., Galton D. A., Gralnick H. R., Sultan C. Proposals for the classification of the myelodysplastic syndromes. Br J Haematol. 1982 Jun;51(2):189–199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bird T., Proctor S. J. Malignant myelosclerosis. Myeloproliferative disorder or leukemia? Am J Clin Pathol. 1977 Jun;67(6):512–520. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/67.6.512. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brynes R. K., McKenna R. W., Sundberg R. D. Bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. An approach to a thorough study. Am J Clin Pathol. 1978 Nov;70(5):753–759. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/70.5.753. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Burkhardt R., Frisch B., Bartl R. Bone biopsy in haematological disorders. J Clin Pathol. 1982 Mar;35(3):257–284. doi: 10.1136/jcp.35.3.257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Castro-Malaspina H., Rabellino E. M., Yen A., Nachman R. L., Moore M. A. Human megakaryocyte stimulation of proliferation of bone marrow fibroblasts. Blood. 1981 Apr;57(4):781–787. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Frankel K. Letter: Bone marrow histology, aspiration versus biopsy. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976 Sep;66(3):616–617. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/66.3.616. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Franken P., Wensing T., Schotman A. J. The bone marrow of the horse. II. Warm-blooded horses with anaemia. Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1982 Feb;29(1):23–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Jain N. C., Switzer J. W. Autoimmune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1981 May;11(2):421–434. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(81)50037-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. James L. P., Stass S. A., Schumacher H. R. Value of imprint preparations of bone marrow biopsies in hematologic diagnosis. Cancer. 1980 Jul 1;46(1):173–177. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19800701)46:1<173::aid-cncr2820460129>3.0.co;2-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. James L. P., Stass S. A., Schumacher H. R. Value of imprint preparations of bone marrow biopsies in hematologic diagnosis. Cancer. 1980 Jul 1;46(1):173–177. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19800701)46:1<173::aid-cncr2820460129>3.0.co;2-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Jamshidi K., Swaim W. R. Bone marrow biopsy with unaltered architecture: a new biopsy device. J Lab Clin Med. 1971 Feb;77(2):335–342. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Knowles S., Hoffbrand A. V. Bone-marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (2). Br Med J. 1980 Jul 26;281(6235):280–281. doi: 10.1136/bmj.281.6235.280. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Krause J. R. An appraisal of the value of the bone marrow biopsy in the assessment of proliferative lesions of the bone marrow. Histopathology. 1983 Sep;7(5):627–644. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1983.tb02276.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Linman J. W., Bagby G. C., Jr The preleukemic syndrome (hemopoietic dysplasia). Cancer. 1978 Aug;42(2 Suppl):854–864. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197808)42:2+<854::aid-cncr2820420707>3.0.co;2-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Melveger B. E., Earl F. L., Van Loon E. J. Sternal bone marrow biopsy in the dog. Lab Anim Care. 1969 Dec;19(6):866–868. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Neiman R. S. The relative merits of bone marrow biopsy and particle section technics. Am J Clin Pathol. 1977 Mar;67(3):308–310. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/67.3.308a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Penny R. H., Carlisle C. H. The bone marrow of the dog: a comparative study of biopsy material obtained from the iliac crest, rib and sternum. J Small Anim Pract. 1970 Nov;11(11):727–734. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1970.tb05577.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Penny R. H. The bone marrow of the dog and cat. J Small Anim Pract. 1974 Sep;15(9):553–562. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1974.tb06535.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Rywlin A. M., Marvan P., Robinson M. J. A simple technic for the preparation of bone marrow smears and sections. Am J Clin Pathol. 1970 Mar;53(3):389–393. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/53.3.389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Valli V. E., McSherry B. J., Dunham B. M., Jacobs R. M., Lumsden J. H. Histocytology of lymphoid tumors in the dog, cat and cow. Vet Pathol. 1981 Jul;18(4):494–512. doi: 10.1177/030098588101800408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Weiss L. Haemopoiesis in mammalian bone marrow. Ciba Found Symp. 1981;84:5–21. doi: 10.1002/9780470720660.ch2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Westerman M. P. Bone marrow needle biopsy: an evaluation and critique. Semin Hematol. 1981 Oct;18(4):293–300. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Witt W. O., Manawadu B. R. Incompatibility of a new pediatric endotracheal tube with existing fittings. Anesthesiology. 1980 Mar;52(3):280–281. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198003000-00023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. van Bekkum D. W., Prins M. E., Hagenbeek A. The mechanism of inhibition of haemopoiesis in acute leukaemia. Blood Cells. 1981;7(1):91–103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Comparative Medicine are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES