Retraction: Economic expansion and innovation: A comprehensive analysis of Pakistan’s path to technological excellence

The PLOS One Editors retract this article [1] because it was identified as one of a series of submissions for which we have concerns about potential manipulation of the publication process, peer review integrity, and authorship. These concerns call into question the validity and provenance of the reported results. We regret that the issues were not identified prior to the article’s publication.

AK did not agree with the retraction. TK and MF responded but expressed neither agreement nor disagreement with the editorial decision. LW, MA, and SA either did not respond directly or could not be reached.