Skip to main content
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research logoLink to Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research
. 1990 Jan;54(1):65–76.

Abiotrophy in domestic animals: a review.

A de Lahunta 1
PMCID: PMC1255608  PMID: 2407332

Abstract

This review of abiotrophies in domestic animals has been organized by the predominate anatomical location of the lesion. Secondary considerations include the major signs of the clinical disorder and special neuropathological features. Those abiotrophies that have an established genetic basis are identified but the review includes degenerative disorders in which the etiology is not yet established.

Full text

PDF
67

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Averill D. R., Jr, Bronson R. T. Inherited necrotizing myelopathy of Afghan hounds. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1977 Jul;36(4):734–747. doi: 10.1097/00005072-197707000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Averill D. R., Jr Degenerative myelopathy in the aging German Shepherd dog: clinical and pathologic findings. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1973 Jun 15;162(12):1045–1051. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BOGAERT L. V., INNES J. R. M. Cerebellar disorders in lambs; a study in animal neuropathology with some comments on ovine neuroanatomy. Arch Pathol (Chic) 1950 Jul;50(1):36–62. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Baird J. D., Sarmiento U. M., Basrur P. K. Bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy (weaver syndrome) in brown swiss cattle in Canada: a literature review and case report. Can Vet J. 1988 Apr;29(4):370–377. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baird J. D., Wojcinski Z. W., Wise A. P., Godkin M. A. Maple syrup urine disease in five hereford calves in ontario. Can Vet J. 1987 Aug;28(8):505–511. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Beech J., Haskins M. Genetic studies of neuraxonal dystrophy in the Morgan. Am J Vet Res. 1987 Jan;48(1):109–113. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Beech J. Neuroaxonal dystrophy of the accessory cuneate nucleus in horses. Vet Pathol. 1984 Jul;21(4):384–393. doi: 10.1177/030098588402100404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bichsel P., Vandevelde M., Lang J., Kull-Hächler S. Degenerative myelopathy in a family of Siberian Husky dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983 Nov 1;183(9):998-1000, 965. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bjerkås I. Hereditary "cavitating" leucodystrophy in Dalmation dogs. Light and electron microscopic studies. Acta Neuropathol. 1977 Oct 10;40(2):163–169. doi: 10.1007/BF00688706. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Blakemore W. F., Palmer A. C. Nervous disease in the chihuahua characterised by axonal swellings. Vet Rec. 1985 Nov 9;117(19):498–499. doi: 10.1136/vr.117.19.498. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Braund K. G., Vandevelde M. German Shepherd dog myelopathy--a morphologic and morphometric study. Am J Vet Res. 1978 Aug;39(8):1309–1315. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Carmichael S., Griffiths I. R., Harvey M. J. Familial cerebellar ataxia with hydrocephalus in bull mastiffs. Vet Rec. 1983 Apr 9;112(15):354–358. doi: 10.1136/vr.112.15.354. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Chen S., Hillman D. E. Regulation of granule cell number by a predetermined number of Purkinje cells in development. Brain Res Dev Brain Res. 1989 Jan 1;45(1):137–147. doi: 10.1016/0165-3806(89)90015-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Chrisman C. L., Cork L. C., Gamble D. A. Neuroaxonal dystrophy of Rottweiler dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1984 Feb 15;184(4):464–467. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Chrisman C. L., Spencer C. P., Crane S. W., Mayhew I. G., Averill D. R., Buergelt C. D. Late-onset cerebellar degeneration in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1983 Apr 1;182(7):717–720. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Clark R. G., Hartley W. J., Burgess G. S., Cameron J. S., Mitchell G. Suspected inherited cerebellar neuroaxonal dystrophy in collie sheep dogs. N Z Vet J. 1982 Jul;30(7):102–103. doi: 10.1080/00480169.1982.34897. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Cooper B. J., Valentine B. A., Wilson S., Patterson D. F., Concannon P. W. Canine muscular dystrophy: confirmation of X-linked inheritance. J Hered. 1988 Nov-Dec;79(6):405–408. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110543. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Cooper B. J., Winand N. J., Stedman H., Valentine B. A., Hoffman E. P., Kunkel L. M., Scott M. O., Fischbeck K. H., Kornegay J. N., Avery R. J. The homologue of the Duchenne locus is defective in X-linked muscular dystrophy of dogs. Nature. 1988 Jul 14;334(6178):154–156. doi: 10.1038/334154a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Cordy D. R. Progressive ataxia of Charolais cattle--an oligodendroglial dysplasia. Vet Pathol. 1986 Jan;23(1):78–80. doi: 10.1177/030098588602300114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Cordy D. R., Richards W. P., Bradford G. E. Systemic neuroaxonal dystrophy in Suffolk sheep. Acta Neuropathol. 1967 May;8(2):133–140. doi: 10.1007/BF00687690. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Cordy D. R., Richards W. P., Stormont C. Hereditary neuraxial edema in Hereford calves. Pathol Vet. 1969;6(6):487–501. doi: 10.1177/030098586900600602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Cork L. C., Griffin J. W., Choy C., Padula C. A., Price D. L. Pathology of motor neurons in accelerated hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy. Lab Invest. 1982 Jan;46(1):89–99. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Cork L. C., Griffin J. W., Munnell J. F., Lorenz M. D., Adams R. J. Hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1979 May;38(3):209–221. doi: 10.1097/00005072-197905000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Cork L. C., Troncoso J. C., Klavano G. G., Johnson E. S., Sternberger L. A., Sternberger N. H., Price D. L. Neurofilamentous abnormalities in motor neurons in spontaneously occurring animal disorders. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1988 Jul;47(4):420–431. doi: 10.1097/00005072-198807000-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Cork L. C., Troncoso J. C., Price D. L., Stanley E. F., Griffin J. W. Canine neuroaxonal dystrophy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1983 May;42(3):286–296. doi: 10.1097/00005072-198305000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Cox N. R., Kwapien R. P., Sorjonen D. C., Braund K. G. Myeloencephalopathy resembling Alexander's disease in a Scottish terrier dog. Acta Neuropathol. 1986;71(1-2):163–166. doi: 10.1007/BF00687980. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Cummings J. F., Cooper B. J., de Lahunta A., van Winkle T. J. Canine inherited hypertrophic neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol. 1981;53(2):137–143. doi: 10.1007/BF00689994. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Cummings J. F., De Lahunta A., Moore J. J., 3rd Multisystemic chromatolytic neuronal degeneration in a Cairn terrier pup. Cornell Vet. 1988 Jul;78(3):301–314. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Cummings J. F., George C., de Lahunta A., Valentine B. A., Bookbinder P. F. Focal spinal muscular atrophy in two German shepherd pups. Acta Neuropathol. 1989;79(1):113–116. doi: 10.1007/BF00308967. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Cummings J. F., de Lahunta A. A study of cerebellar and cerebral cortical degeneration in miniature poodle pups with emphasis on the ultrastructure of Purkinje cell changes. Acta Neuropathol. 1988;75(3):261–271. doi: 10.1007/BF00690534. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Cummings J. F., de Lahunta A. Hereditary myelopathy of Afghan hounds, a myelinolytic disease. Acta Neuropathol. 1978 Jun 30;42(3):173–181. doi: 10.1007/BF00690354. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Cummings J. F., de Lahunta A., Winn S. S. Acral mutilation and nociceptive loss in English pointer dogs. A canine sensory neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol. 1981;53(2):119–127. doi: 10.1007/BF00689992. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Dill S. G., Kallfelz F. A., deLahunta A., Waldron C. H. Serum vitamin E and blood glutathione peroxidase values of horses with degenerative myeloencephalopathy. Am J Vet Res. 1989 Jan;50(1):166–168. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Duncan I. D., Griffiths I. R. Canine giant axonal neuropathy. Vet Rec. 1977 Nov 26;101(22):438–441. doi: 10.1136/vr.101.22.438. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Duncan I. D., Griffiths I. R. Canine giant axonal neuropathy; some aspects of its clinical, pathological and comparative features. J Small Anim Pract. 1981 Aug;22(8):491–501. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1981.tb00636.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Duncan I. D., Griffiths I. R. Peripheral nervous system in a case of canine giant axonal neuropathy. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1979 Jan-Feb;5(1):25–39. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1979.tb00611.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Edwards J. R., Richards R. B., Carrick M. J. Inherited progressive spinal myelinopathy in Murray Grey cattle. Aust Vet J. 1988 Apr;65(4):108–109. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14426.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Evans M. G., Mullaney T. P., Lowrie C. T. Neuroaxonal dystrophy in a rottweiler pup. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988 Jun 1;192(11):1560–1562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Fankhauser R., Fatzer R., Bestetti G., Deruaz J. P., Perentes E. Encephalopathy with Rosenthal fibre formation in a sheep. Acta Neuropathol. 1980;50(1):57–60. doi: 10.1007/BF00688535. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Forger N. G., Breedlove S. M. Motoneuronal death during human fetal development. J Comp Neurol. 1987 Oct 1;264(1):118–122. doi: 10.1002/cne.902640109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Gamble D. A., Chrisman C. L. A leukoencephalomyelopathy of rottweiler dogs. Vet Pathol. 1984 May;21(3):274–280. doi: 10.1177/030098588402100302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Griffiths I. R., Duncan I. D., Barker J. A progressive axonopathy of Boxer dogs affecting the central and peripheral nervous systems. J Small Anim Pract. 1980 Jan;21(1):29–43. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1980.tb01210.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Griffiths I. R., Duncan I. D. Chronic degenerative radiculomyelopathy in the dog. J Small Anim Pract. 1975 Aug;16(8):461–471. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.1975.tb05773.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Griffiths I. R., Duncan I. D. The central nervous system in canine giant axonal neuropathy. Acta Neuropathol. 1979 May 15;46(3):169–172. doi: 10.1007/BF00690839. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Griffiths I. R., Kyriakides E., Barrie J. Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. An immunocytochemical study of the axonal cytoskeleton. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1989 Jan-Feb;15(1):63–74. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1989.tb01150.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Griffiths I. R., Kyriakides E., Scott J. Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. Quantitative and morphometric analysis of the peripheral nerve lesion. J Neurol Sci. 1986 Aug;75(1):69–88. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(86)90051-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Griffiths I. R., McCulloch M. C., Abrahams S. Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. 2. The nature and distribution of the pathological changes. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 1985 Nov-Dec;11(6):431–446. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.1985.tb00038.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Griffiths I. R., McCulloch M. C., Abrahams S. Progressive axonopathy: an inherited neuropathy of boxer dogs. 4. Myelin sheath and Schwann cell changes in the nerve roots. J Neurocytol. 1987 Apr;16(2):145–153. doi: 10.1007/BF01795299. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Harper P. A., Duncan D. W., Plant J. W., Smeal M. G. Cerebellar abiotrophy and segmental axonopathy: two syndromes of progressive ataxia of Merino sheep. Aust Vet J. 1986 Jan;63(1):18–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02865.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Harper P. A., Hartley W. J., Coverdale O. R., Gill J. M. Multifocal symmetrical encephalopathy in Simmental calves. Vet Rec. 1989 Feb 4;124(5):122–123. doi: 10.1136/vr.124.5.122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Harper P. A., Healy P. J., Dennis J. A. Maple syrup urine disease as a cause of spongiform encephalopathy in calves. Vet Rec. 1986 Jul 19;119(3):62–65. doi: 10.1136/vr.119.3.62. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Hartley W. J., Palmer A. C. Ataxia in Jack Russell terriers. Acta Neuropathol. 1973;26(1):71–74. doi: 10.1007/BF00685524. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Higgins R. J., Rings D. M., Fenner W. R., Stevenson S. Spontaneous lower motor neuron disease with neurofibrillary accumulation in young pigs. Acta Neuropathol. 1983;59(4):288–294. doi: 10.1007/BF00691495. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Higgins R. J., Vandevelde M., Hoff E. J., Jagar J. E., Cork L. C., Silberman M. S. Neurofibrillary accumulation in the zebra (Equus burchelli). Acta Neuropathol. 1977 Jan 31;37(1):1–5. doi: 10.1007/BF00684532. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. INNES J. R. M., MacNAUGHTON Inherited cortical cerebellar atrophy in Corriedale lambs in Canada identical with "daft lamb" disease in Britain. Cornell Vet. 1950 Apr;40(2):127–135. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Inada S., Sakamoto H., Haruta K., Miyazono Y., Sasaki M., Yamauchi C., Igata A., Osame M., Fukunaga H. A clinical study on hereditary progressive neurogenic muscular atrophy in Pointer dogs. Nihon Juigaku Zasshi. 1978 Oct;40(5):539–547. doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.40.539. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Inada S., Yamauchi C., Igata A., Osame M., Izumo S. Canine storage disease characterized by hereditary progressive neurogenic muscular atrophy: breeding experiments and clinical manifestation. Am J Vet Res. 1986 Oct;47(10):2294–2299. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Izumo S., Ikuta F., Igata A., Osame M., Yamauchi C., Inada S. Morphological study on the hereditary neurogenic amyotrophic dogs: accumulation of lipid compound-like structures in the lower motor neuron. Acta Neuropathol. 1983;61(3-4):270–274. doi: 10.1007/BF00691997. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Jaggy A., Vandevelde M. Multisystem neuronal degeneration in cocker spaniels. J Vet Intern Med. 1988 Jul-Sep;2(3):117–120. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1988.tb02806.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Kramer J. W., Hegreberg G. A., Bryan G. M., Meyers K., Ott R. L. A muscle disorder of Labrador retrievers characterized by deficiency of type II muscle fibers. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1976 Oct 15;169(8):817–820. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Kramer J. W., Hegreberg G. A., Hamilton M. J. Inheritance of a neuromuscular disorder of Labrador retriever dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1981 Aug 15;179(4):380–381. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Lancaster M. J., Gill I. J., Hooper P. T. Progressive paresis in Angora goats. Aust Vet J. 1987 Apr;64(4):123–124. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1987.tb09652.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Leipold H. W., Blaugh B., Huston K., Edgerly C. G., Hibbs C. M. Weaver syndrome in Brown Swiss cattle: clinical signs & pathology. Vet Med Small Anim Clin. 1973 Jun;68(6):645–647. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Lorenz M. D., Cork L. C., Griffin J. W., Adams R. J., Price D. L. Hereditary spinal muscular atrophy in Brittany Spaniels: clinical manifestations. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1979 Oct 15;175(8):833–839. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Matthews N. S., de Lahunta A. Degenerative myelopathy in an adult miniature poodle. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Jun 1;186(11):1213–1215. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Mayhew I. G., Brown C. M., Stowe H. D., Trapp A. L., Derksen F. J., Clement S. F. Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy: a vitamin E deficiency that may be familial. J Vet Intern Med. 1987 Jan-Mar;1(1):45–50. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1987.tb01985.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Mayhew I. G., deLahunta A., Whitlock R. H., Geary J. C. Equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1977 Jan 15;170(2):195–201. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. McKerrell R. E., Braund K. G. Hereditary myopathy in Labrador retrievers: a morphologic study. Vet Pathol. 1986 Jul;23(4):411–417. doi: 10.1177/030098588602300410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Mehta J. R., Braund K. G., McKerrell R. E., Toivio-Kinnucan M. Analysis of muscle elements, water, and total lipids from healthy dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary muscular dystrophy. Am J Vet Res. 1989 May;50(5):640–644. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Mehta J. R., Braund K. G., McKerrell R. E., Toivio-Kinnucan M. Isoelectric focusing under dissociating conditions for analysis of muscle protein from clinically normal dogs and Labrador retrievers with hereditary myopathy. Am J Vet Res. 1989 May;50(5):633–639. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Montgomery D. L., Storts R. W. Hereditary striatonigral and cerebello-olivary degeneration of the Kerry Blue Terrier. II. Ultrastructural lesions in the caudate nucleus and cerebellar cortex. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 1984 May;43(3):263–275. doi: 10.1097/00005072-198405000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Montgomery D. L., Storts R. W. Hereditary striatonigral and cerebello-olivary degeneration of the Kerry blue terrier. I. Gross and light microscopic central nervous system lesions. Vet Pathol. 1983 Mar;20(2):143–159. doi: 10.1177/030098588302000202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. O'Brien D. P., Zachary J. F. Clinical features of spongy degeneration of the central nervous system in two Labrador retriever littermates. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1985 Jun 1;186(11):1207–1210. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Palmer A. C., Blakemore W. F., Barlow R. M., Fraser J. A., Ogden A. L. Progressive ataxia of Charolais cattle associated with a myelin disorder. Vet Rec. 1972 Dec 9;91(24):592–594. doi: 10.1136/vr.91.24.592. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Palmer A. C., Blakemore W. F. Progressive neuronopathy in the cairn terrier. Vet Rec. 1988 Jul 2;123(1):39–39. doi: 10.1136/vr.123.1.39. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Palmer A. C., Jackson P. G., Hudson W. E. Encephalopathy in calves. Vet Rec. 1988 Jul 23;123(4):115–115. doi: 10.1136/vr.123.4.115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Patterson D. F., Haskins M. E., Jezyk P. F., Giger U., Meyers-Wallen V. N., Aguirre G., Fyfe J. C., Wolfe J. H. Research on genetic diseases: reciprocal benefits to animals and man. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1988 Nov 1;193(9):1131–1144. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Price D. L. Trophic functions of the neuron. VI. Other trophic systems. The influence of the periphery on spinal motor neurons. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974 Mar 22;228(0):355–363. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb20525.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Provis J. M., Penfold P. L. Cell death and the elimination of retinal axons during development. Prog Neurobiol. 1988;31(4):331–347. doi: 10.1016/0301-0082(88)90018-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Richards R. B., Edwards J. R. A progressive spinal myelinopathy in beef cattle. Vet Pathol. 1986 Jan;23(1):35–41. doi: 10.1177/030098588602300106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Rousseaux C. G., Klavano G. G., Johnson E. S., Shnitka T. K., Harries W. N. A newly recognized neurodegenerative disorder of horned hereford calves. Can Vet J. 1983 Sep;24(9):296–297. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Rousseaux C. G., Klavano G. G., Johnson E. S., Shnitka T. K., Harries W. N., Snyder F. F. "Shaker" calf syndrome: a newly recognized inherited neurodegenerative disorder of horned Hereford calves. Vet Pathol. 1985 Mar;22(2):104–111. doi: 10.1177/030098588502200202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Sack G. H., Jr, Cork L. C., Morris J. M., Griffin J. W., Price D. L. Autosomal dominant inheritance of hereditary canine spinal muscular atrophy. Ann Neurol. 1984 Apr;15(4):369–373. doi: 10.1002/ana.410150411. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Shell L. G., Jortner B. S., Leib M. S. Familial motor neuron disease in Rottweiler dogs: neuropathologic studies. Vet Pathol. 1987 Mar;24(2):135–139. doi: 10.1177/030098588702400206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Shell L. G., Jortner B. S., Leib M. S. Spinal muscular atrophy in two Rottweiler littermates. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987 Apr 1;190(7):878–880. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Sponenberg D. P., deLahunta A. Hereditary hypertrophic neuropathy in Tibetan Mastiff dogs. J Hered. 1981 Jul-Aug;72(4):287–287. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109501. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Stuart L. D., Leipold H. W. Lesions in bovine progressive degenerative myeloencephalopathy ("Weaver") of Brown Swiss cattle. Vet Pathol. 1985 Jan;22(1):13–23. doi: 10.1177/030098588502200103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Swan R. A., Taylor E. G. Cerebellar hypoplasia in beef shorthorn calves. Aust Vet J. 1982 Sep;59(3):95–96. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1982.tb02738.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Valentine B. A., Cooper B. J., Cummings J. F., deLahunta A. Progressive muscular dystrophy in a golden retriever dog: light microscope and ultrastructural features at 4 and 8 months. Acta Neuropathol. 1986;71(3-4):301–310. doi: 10.1007/BF00688053. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Valentine B. A., Cooper B. J., de Lahunta A., O'Quinn R., Blue J. T. Canine X-linked muscular dystrophy. An animal model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: clinical studies. J Neurol Sci. 1988 Dec;88(1-3):69–81. doi: 10.1016/0022-510x(88)90206-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Vandevelde M., Greene C. E., Hoff E. J. Lower motor neuron disease with accumulation of neurofilaments in a cat. Vet Pathol. 1976;13(6):428–435. doi: 10.1177/030098587601300604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Wentink G. H., Hartman W., Koeman J. P. Three cases of myotonia in a family of chows. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd. 1974 Jul 15;99(14):729–731. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. White M. E., Whitlock R. H., Lahunta A. A cerebellar abiotrophy of calves. Cornell Vet. 1975 Oct;65(4):476–491. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Woodard J. C., Collins G. H., Hessler J. R. Feline hereditary neuroaxonal dystrophy. Am J Pathol. 1974 Mar;74(3):551–566. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Wouda W., van Nes J. J. Progressive ataxia due to central demyelination in Rottweiler dogs. Vet Q. 1986 Apr;8(2):89–97. doi: 10.1080/01652176.1986.9694028. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Wright J. A., Brownlie S. Progressive ataxia in a Pyrenean mountain dog. Vet Rec. 1985 Apr 13;116(15):410–411. doi: 10.1136/vr.116.15.410. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Yasuba M., Okimoto K., Iida M., Itakura C. Cerebellar cortical degeneration in beagle dogs. Vet Pathol. 1988 Jul;25(4):315–317. doi: 10.1177/030098588802500412. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. de Lahunta A., Fenner W. R., Indrieri R. J., Mellick P. W., Gardner S., Bell J. S. Hereditary cerebellar cortical abiotrophy in the Gordon Setter. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1980 Sep 15;177(6):538–541. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. de Lahunta A., Shively J. N. Neurofibrillary accumulation in a puppy. Cornell Vet. 1975 Apr;65(2):240–247. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. deLahunta A., Averill D. R., Jr Hereditary cerebellar cortical and extrapyramidal nuclear abiotrophy in Kerry Blue Terriers. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1976 Jun 15;168(12):1119–1124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research are provided here courtesy of Canadian Veterinary Medical Association

RESOURCES