Skip to main content
Journal of Anatomy logoLink to Journal of Anatomy
. 1993 Apr;182(Pt 2):259–265.

Descending projections to coccygeal spinal segments in the cat.

N Wada 1, S Sugita 1, A Jouzaki 1, M Tokuriki 1
PMCID: PMC1259836  PMID: 8376200

Abstract

The descending projections to coccygeal spinal segments influencing tail movement were studied by retrograde wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) tracing methods in 12 cats. WGA-HRP solution was injected into the 3rd and 4th coccygeal segments and hemisection of the right side of the spinal cord was performed at the 3rd sacral-1st coccygeal segmental level. Labelled propriospinal neurons were distributed in laminae III-VIII and X of the spinal cord between the cervical and lumbosacral spinal segments, predominantly on the left. The greatest density of labelled cells as in the lumbar enlargement. In the brainstem a high density of labelled cells was observed mainly in the lateral vestibular, gigantocellular reticular and magnocellular reticular nuclei on the left side, and the nucleus raphe magnus, pallidus and obscurus. These findings indicate significant descending projections to the coccygeal spinal cord in the cat which could be responsible for tail movements in the cat.

Full text

PDF
261

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Burton H., Loewy A. D. Projections to the spinal cord from medullary somatosensory relay nuclei. J Comp Neurol. 1977 Jun 15;173(4):773–792. doi: 10.1002/cne.901730408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Fung S. J., Barnes C. D. Evidence of facilitatory coerulospinal action in lumbar motoneurons of cats. Brain Res. 1981 Jul 20;216(2):299–311. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(81)90132-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Grillner S., Hongo T., Lund S. The vestibulospinal tract. Effects on alpha-motoneurones in the lumbosacral spinal cord in the cat. Exp Brain Res. 1970;10(1):94–120. doi: 10.1007/BF00340521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Holstege G. Some anatomical observations on the projections from the hypothalamus to brainstem and spinal cord: an HRP and autoradiographic tracing study in the cat. J Comp Neurol. 1987 Jun 1;260(1):98–126. doi: 10.1002/cne.902600109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hosoya Y., Matsushita M. Brainstem projections from the lateral hypothalamic area in the rat, as studied with autoradiography. Neurosci Lett. 1981 Jul 2;24(2):111–116. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(81)90232-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kaneko T., Ono H., Fukuda H. Enhancement of recurrent inhibition of the spinal monosynaptic reflex by preceding stimulation of the medullary raphé in rats. Brain Res. 1987 Aug 11;417(2):403–407. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(87)90474-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kausz M. Arrangement of neurons in the medullary reticular formation and raphe nuclei projecting to thoracic, lumbar and sacral segments of the spinal cord in the cat. Anat Embryol (Berl) 1991;183(2):151–163. doi: 10.1007/BF00174396. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Leong S. K., Shieh J. Y., Wong W. C. Localizing spinal-cord-projecting neurons in adult albino rats. J Comp Neurol. 1984 Sep 1;228(1):1–17. doi: 10.1002/cne.902280103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Masson R. L., Jr, Sparkes M. L., Ritz L. A. Descending projections to the rat sacrocaudal spinal cord. J Comp Neurol. 1991 May 1;307(1):120–130. doi: 10.1002/cne.903070111. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Matsushita M., Ikeda M., Hosoya Y. The location of spinal neurons with long descending axons (long descending propriospinal tract neurons) in the cat: a study with the horseradish peroxidase technique. J Comp Neurol. 1979 Mar 1;184(1):63–80. doi: 10.1002/cne.901840105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Matsuyama K., Ohta Y., Mori S. Ascending and descending projections of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the cat demonstrated by the anterograde neural tracer, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L). Brain Res. 1988 Sep 13;460(1):124–141. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(88)91212-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Menétrey D., de Pommery J., Roudier F. Propriospinal fibers reaching the lumbar enlargement in the rat. Neurosci Lett. 1985 Jul 31;58(2):257–261. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(85)90174-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Mesulam M. M. Tetramethyl benzidine for horseradish peroxidase neurohistochemistry: a non-carcinogenic blue reaction product with superior sensitivity for visualizing neural afferents and efferents. J Histochem Cytochem. 1978 Feb;26(2):106–117. doi: 10.1177/26.2.24068. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mori S., Kawahara K., Sakamoto T., Aoki M., Tomiyama T. Setting and resetting of level of postural muscle tone in decerebrate cat by stimulation of brain stem. J Neurophysiol. 1982 Sep;48(3):737–748. doi: 10.1152/jn.1982.48.3.737. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Peterson B. W., Coulter J. D. A new long spinal projection from the vestibular nuclei in the cat. Brain Res. 1977 Feb 18;122(2):351–356. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(77)90301-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Proudfit H. K., Anderson E. G. Influence of serotonin antagonists on bulbospinal systems. Brain Res. 1973 Oct 26;61:331–341. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(73)90537-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Reid K. H. Dermatomes and skin innervation density in the cat's tail. Exp Neurol. 1970 Jan;26(1):1–16. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(70)90084-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. WALL P. D. Cord cells responding to touch, damage, and temperature of skin. J Neurophysiol. 1960 Mar;23:197–210. doi: 10.1152/jn.1960.23.2.197. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Wada N. Effects of peripheral inputs from hindlimb on the monosynaptic reflex of motoneurons innervating tail muscles. Arch Ital Biol. 1991 Sep;129(4):289–294. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wada N., Sugita S., Kolblinger G. Spinal cord location of the motoneurons innervating the tail muscles of the cat. J Anat. 1990 Dec;173:101–107. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Wada N., Yawashima Y., Nakajima Y. Effect of nucleus raphe magnus stimulation on recurrent inhibition of the monosynaptic reflex in the cat. Neurosci Lett. 1989 Dec 15;107(1-3):94–98. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(89)90797-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Wall P. D. The laminar organization of dorsal horn and effects of descending impulses. J Physiol. 1967 Feb;188(3):403–423. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008146. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Xu Q., Grant G. The projection of spinocerebellar neurons from the sacrococcygeal region of the spinal cord in the cat. An experimental study using anterograde transport of WGA-HRP and degeneration. Arch Ital Biol. 1990 Jul;128(2-4):209–228. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Yezierski R. P., Culberson J. L., Brown P. B. Cells of origin of propriospinal connections to cat lumbosacral gray as determined with horseradish peroxidase. Exp Neurol. 1980 Sep;69(3):493–512. doi: 10.1016/0014-4886(80)90047-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Anatomy are provided here courtesy of Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland

RESOURCES