Skip to main content
PMC home page
Biophysical Journal logoLink to Biophysical Journal
. 1994 Jun;66(6):2159–2165. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(94)81011-2

Mapping interaction forces with the atomic force microscope.

M Radmacher 1, J P Cleveland 1, M Fritz 1, H G Hansma 1, P K Hansma 1
PMCID: PMC1275941  PMID: 8075349

Abstract

Force curves were recorded as the sample was raster-scanned under the tip. This opens new opportunities for imaging with the atomic force microscope: several characteristics of the samples can be measured simultaneously, for example, topography, adhesion forces, elasticity, van der Waals, and electrostatic interactions. The new opportunities are illustrated by images of several characteristics of thin metal films, aggregates of lysozyme, and single molecules of DNA.

Full text

PDF
2162

Images in this article

2161FIGURE 1
on p.2161
2162FIGURE 3
on p.2162
2162FIGURE 4
on p.2162
2163FIGURE 5
on p.2163
2164FIGURE 6
on p.2164

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Binnig G, Quate CF, Gerber C. Atomic force microscope. Phys Rev Lett. 1986 Mar 3;56(9):930–933. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Butt H. J. Electrostatic interaction in atomic force microscopy. Biophys J. 1991 Oct;60(4):777–785. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(91)82112-9. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Drake B., Prater C. B., Weisenhorn A. L., Gould S. A., Albrecht T. R., Quate C. F., Cannell D. S., Hansma H. G., Hansma P. K. Imaging crystals, polymers, and processes in water with the atomic force microscope. Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1586–1589. doi: 10.1126/science.2928794. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Hansma H. G., Bezanilla M., Zenhausern F., Adrian M., Sinsheimer R. L. Atomic force microscopy of DNA in aqueous solutions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1993 Feb 11;21(3):505–512. doi: 10.1093/nar/21.3.505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Hansma H. G., Vesenka J., Siegerist C., Kelderman G., Morrett H., Sinsheimer R. L., Elings V., Bustamante C., Hansma P. K. Reproducible imaging and dissection of plasmid DNA under liquid with the atomic force microscope. Science. 1992 May 22;256(5060):1180–1184. doi: 10.1126/science.256.5060.1180. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Hartmann U. van der Waals interactions between sharp probes and flat sample surfaces. Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1991 Jan 15;43(3):2404–2407. doi: 10.1103/physrevb.43.2404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Henderson E., Haydon P. G., Sakaguchi D. S. Actin filament dynamics in living glial cells imaged by atomic force microscopy. Science. 1992 Sep 25;257(5078):1944–1946. doi: 10.1126/science.1411511. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Hoh J. H., Lal R., John S. A., Revel J. P., Arnsdorf M. F. Atomic force microscopy and dissection of gap junctions. Science. 1991 Sep 20;253(5026):1405–1408. doi: 10.1126/science.1910206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Häberle W., Hörber J. K., Ohnesorge F., Smith D. P., Binnig G. In situ investigations of single living cells infected by viruses. Ultramicroscopy. 1992 Jul;42-44(Pt B):1161–1167. doi: 10.1016/0304-3991(92)90418-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Ohnesorge F., Binnig G. True atomic resolution by atomic force microscopy through repulsive and attractive forces. Science. 1993 Jun 4;260(5113):1451–1456. doi: 10.1126/science.260.5113.1451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Radmacher M., Tillamnn R. W., Fritz M., Gaub H. E. From molecules to cells: imaging soft samples with the atomic force microscope. Science. 1992 Sep 25;257(5078):1900–1905. doi: 10.1126/science.1411505. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Radmacher M., Tillmann R. W., Gaub H. E. Imaging viscoelasticity by force modulation with the atomic force microscope. Biophys J. 1993 Mar;64(3):735–742. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81433-4. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Schwartz D. K., Garnaes J., Viswanathan R., Zasadzinski J. A. Surface order and stability of langmuir-blodgett films. Science. 1992 Jul 24;257(5069):508–511. doi: 10.1126/science.257.5069.508. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Tao N. J., Lindsay S. M., Lees S. Measuring the microelastic properties of biological material. Biophys J. 1992 Oct;63(4):1165–1169. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(92)81692-2. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Weisenhorn AL, Maivald P, Butt H, Hansma PK. Measuring adhesion, attraction, and repulsion between surfaces in liquids with an atomic-force microscope. Phys Rev B Condens Matter. 1992 May 15;45(19):11226–11232. doi: 10.1103/physrevb.45.11226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Biophysical Journal are provided here courtesy of The Biophysical Society

RESOURCES