Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine logoLink to Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
. 1986 Sep;79(9):522–527. doi: 10.1177/014107688607900908

Changes in biliary lipid concentrations in bile duct obstruction: an experimental study.

G R Xu, C J Kirk, A W Goode
PMCID: PMC1290457  PMID: 3772943

Abstract

Changes in biliary concentrations of bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol and biliary pressures were measured in dogs. These parameters were studied during 7-day periods of partial biliary obstruction, of varying degrees, and after 24-hour and 48-hour periods of complete obstruction. The sample were obtained via an exteriorized but intact enterohepatic circulation allowing the introduction of varying degrees of obstruction and bile sampling. Biliary obstruction reduced the concentration of all biliary lipids especially when the obstruction produced pressures in excess of 75% of the maximum biliary secretion pressure. Only immediately after the release of a 48-hour period of complete obstruction did the risk of cholesterol supersaturation of bile occur. However, at that time there was a greatly reduced concentration of lipids in the bile and the amount of cholesterol that could potentially have precipitated was very small. It is suggested that this supersaturation would not play a significant role in the formation of gallstones.

Full text

PDF
527

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adler R. D., Metzger A. L., Grundy S. M. Biliary lipid secretion before and after cholecystectomy in American Indians with cholesterol gallstones. Gastroenterology. 1974 Jun;66(6):1212–1217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Admirand W. H., Small D. M. The physicochemical basis of cholesterol gallstone formation in man. J Clin Invest. 1968 May;47(5):1043–1052. doi: 10.1172/JCI105794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Anderson R. L., Davis S. An organic phosphorus assay which avoids the use of hazardous perchloric acid. Clin Chim Acta. 1982 May 6;121(1):111–116. doi: 10.1016/0009-8981(82)90216-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CATTELL R. B., COLCOCK B. P., POLLACK J. L. Stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi. N Engl J Med. 1957 Mar 7;256(10):429–435. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195703072561001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carey M. C. Critical tables for calculating the cholesterol saturation of native bile. J Lipid Res. 1978 Nov;19(8):945–955. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Carey M. C., Small D. M. The physical chemistry of cholesterol solubility in bile. Relationship to gallstone formation and dissolution in man. J Clin Invest. 1978 Apr;61(4):998–1026. doi: 10.1172/JCI109025. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dowling R. H., Mack E., Picott J., Berger J., Small D. M. Experimental model for the study of the enterohepatic circulation of bile in rhesus monkeys. J Lab Clin Med. 1968 Jul;72(1):169–176. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dowling R. H., Mack E., Small D. M. Biliary lipid secretion and bile composition after acute and chronic interruption of the enterohepatic circulation in the Rhesus monkey. IV. Primate biliary physiology. J Clin Invest. 1971 Sep;50(9):1917–1926. doi: 10.1172/JCI106684. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Duane W. C., Ginsberg R. L., Bennion L. J. Effects of fasting on bile acid metabolism and biliary lipid composition in man. J Lipid Res. 1976 May;17(3):211–219. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dunphy J. E., Stephens F. O. Experimental Study of the Effect of Grafts in the Common Duct on Biliary and Hepartic Function. Ann Surg. 1962 Jun;155(6):906–919. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196206000-00011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Evrard E., Janssen G. Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of human fecal bile acids. J Lipid Res. 1968 Mar;9(2):226–236. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. GRINDLAY J. H., EBERLE J., WALTERS W. Technique for external drainage of the biliary tract which leaves ducts intact; an experimental study. AMA Arch Surg. 1953 Aug;67(2):289–296. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1953.01260040294016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. HASLEWOOD G. A. Recent developments in our knowledge of bile salts. Physiol Rev. 1955 Jan;35(1):178–196. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1955.35.1.178. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hegardt F. G., Dam H. The solubility of cholesterol in aqueous solutions of bile salts and lecithin. Z Ernahrungswiss. 1971 Apr;10(3):223–233. doi: 10.1007/BF02020933. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Holzbach R. T., Marsh M., Olszewski M., Holan K. Cholesterol solubility in bile. Evidence that supersaturated bile is frequent in healthy man. J Clin Invest. 1973 Jun;52(6):1467–1479. doi: 10.1172/JCI107321. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. IMAMOGLU K., PERRY J. F., Jr, WANGENSTEEN O. H. [Experimental production of gallstones by incomplete stricture of the terminal common bile duct]. Surgery. 1957 Oct;42(4):623–630. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kimball A., Pertsemlidis D., Panveliwalla D. Composition of biliary lipids and kinetics of bile acids after cholecystectomy in man. Am J Dig Dis. 1976 Sep;21(9):776–781. doi: 10.1007/BF01073029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. MORRISON W. R. A FAST, SIMPLE AND RELIABLE METHOD FOR THE MICRODETERMINATION OF PHOSPHORUS IN BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS. Anal Biochem. 1964 Feb;7:218–224. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(64)90231-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mahour G. H., Wakim K. G., Soule E. H., Ferris D. O. Effect of cholecystectomy on the biliary ducts in the dog. Arch Surg. 1968 Oct;97(4):570–574. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1968.01340040066011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Metzger A. L., Heymsfield S., Grundy S. M. The lithogenic index--a numerical expression for the relative lithogenicity of bile. Gastroenterology. 1972 Mar;62(3):499–501. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Nakayama F. Composition of gallstone and bile: species difference. J Lab Clin Med. 1969 Apr;73(4):623–630. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Nakayama F., Furusawa T., Nakama T. Hepatolithiasis in Japan: present status. Am J Surg. 1980 Feb;139(2):216–219. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(80)90257-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. PARRY E. W., HALLENBECK G. A., GRINDLAY J. H. Pressures in the pancreatic and common ducts; values during fasting, after various meals, and after sphincterotomy; an experimental study. AMA Arch Surg. 1955 May;70(5):757–765. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1955.01270110129018. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. PIKULA J. V., DUNPHY J. E. Some effects of stenosis of the terminal common bile duct on the biliary tract and liver; an experimental study. N Engl J Med. 1959 Feb 12;260(7):315–318. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195902122600703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Redinger R. N., Strasberg S. M., Small D. M. Primate biliary physiology. IX. Effects of acute biliary obstruction on biliary lipid metabolism in the monkey. Am J Physiol. 1974 Apr;226(4):776–783. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1974.226.4.776. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Shaffer E. A., Braasch J. W., Small D. M. Bile composition at and after surgery in normal persons and patients with gallstones. Influence of cholecystectomy. N Engl J Med. 1972 Dec 28;287(26):1317–1322. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197212282872603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Simmons F., Ross A. P., Bouchier I. A. Alterations in hepatic bile composition after cholecystectomy. Gastroenterology. 1972 Sep;63(3):466–471. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Soloway R. D., Carlson H. C., Schoenfield L. J. A balloon-occludable T-tube for cholangiography and quantitative collection and reinfusion of bile in man. J Lab Clin Med. 1972 Mar;79(3):500–504. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Strasberg S. M., Dorn B. C., Small D. M., Egdahl R. H. The effect of biliary tract pressure on bile flow, bile salt secretion, and bile salt synthesis in the primate. Surgery. 1971 Jul;70(1):140–146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Strasberg S. M., Redinger R. N., Dorn B. C., Small D. M., Egdahl R. H. Effects of alteration of biliary pressure on bile composition--a method for study: primate biliary physiology. V. Gastroenterology. 1971 Sep;61(3):357–362. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Wheeler H. O., Ramos O. L. DETERMINANTS OF THE FLOW AND COMPOSITION OF BILE IN THE UNANESTHETIZED DOG DURING CONSTANT INFUSIONS OF SODIUM TAUROCHOLATE. J Clin Invest. 1960 Jan;39(1):161–170. doi: 10.1172/JCI104015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Williams C. N., Morse J. W., MacDonald I. A., Kotoor R., Riding M. D. Increased lithogenicity of bile on fasting in normal subjects. Am J Dig Dis. 1977 Mar;22(3):189–194. doi: 10.1007/BF01072275. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Williams R. D. Partial and intermittent biliary tract obstruction. Response of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase in dogs. Am Surg. 1966 Jul;32(7):479–482. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine are provided here courtesy of Royal Society of Medicine Press

RESOURCES