Age–sex differences in the global burden of asthma and risk factors, 1990–2021: results from the global burden of disease study 2021

Abstract

Background

Asthma, a prevalent chronic respiratory disease, significantly contributes to global morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the disease burden, trends, and associated risk factors of asthma, stratified by sex and age groups, across 204 countries and territories.

Methods

Asthma mortality, incidence, prevalence, and DALYs data were sourced from GBD Study 2021. Joinpoint and ARIMA models analyzed trends and projected future burdens over 15 years.

Results

The 2021 global asthma data reveal age-sex specific disparities. Globally, the number of asthma incident episodes was 19,331,938 in males and 18,532,237 in females. However, females exhibited higher prevalence, mortality, and DALYs compared to males. Furthermore, age-standardized rates of asthma burden also varied by sex and age. Males generally presented higher incidence and mortality rates, whereas females showed higher DALYs and prevalence rates. Comparing different age and sex groups, males under 15 years of age experienced a greater asthma burden, a trend that reversed post-puberty. The highest incidence rates of asthma was observed in children under 5 years old, however, the highest mortality and DALYs rates were observed in individuals over 70 years old. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized asthma burden demonstrated a decreasing trend, with a more pronounced decline in males. In 2021, the primary risk factors for asthma were high body mass index, smoking, occupational asthma, and nitrogen dioxide exposure.

Conclusions

During the period, age-standardized asthma burden rates declined, with a more pronounced decrease observed in males. However, in 2021, the overall burden of asthma remained substantial. Asthma exhibits distinct age-sex differences. Globally, high body mass index has emerged as an increasingly significant risk factor for asthma.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12890-025-03994-2.

Asthma, one of the most prevalent chronic respiratory diseases [1, 2], is increasing in prevalence worldwide. As a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, asthma involves numerous cells and cellular components [3]. It is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness. Common clinical manifestations of asthma include recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, or cough [4], often occurring or worsening at night or in the early morning [5], which is frequently associated with widespread, variable, and reversible airflow obstruction.

Current data indicates that asthma patients exhibit significant morbidity and mortality rates, with prevalence increasing at an alarming pace [6]. The 2019 Global Burden of Disease study revealed that the global prevalence of asthma cases reached 262 million, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 3415.53 per 100,000 individuals, and a toll deaths of 460,000. Asthma has become the most common chronic disease among children [7], and it is a major contributor to absenteeism and school absence, ranking as the third leading cause of hospitalization for children under 15 years of age [8]. This poses a substantial burden on the physical and psychological health development of children.

Despite the fact that most asthma cases are mild, with symptoms that fluctuate over time [9], the initial presentation of asthma is often characterized by mild and intermittent symptoms, which may spontaneously remit. As a result, many areas do not pay attention to this disease, often causing patients to miss the best diagnosis and treatment time, and eventually leading to the gradual blockage of the surrounding airway by stubborn plugs [10], which directly endangers life. Therefore, acute asthma attacks have become one of the most common respiratory crises encountered in clinical practice [11] .

Asthma imposes a substantial economic burden, with severe asthma significantly impacting both patients and healthcare systems globally [12]. Studies have indicated that the annual economic burden per asthma patient ranges from $300 to $1300 across various Western countries. Furthermore, the total cost of asthma management (encompassing direct, indirect, and intangible costs related to quality of life) correlates with asthma severity [13]. Unfortunately, there are still huge barriers to reducing the burden of asthma, which is not a healthcare priority for most governments around the world. In numerous developing nations, overburdened public sectors and limited access to essential care and medications exacerbate the issue, particularly with accelerating urbanization contributing to increased asthma incidence, morbidity, and mortality [14] .Even in developed countries, access to care and sustained treatment for asthma remains suboptimal [15] .Consequently, a comprehensive and detailed description and analysis of the global and regional asthma burden and its evolving trends are warranted to garner national and governmental attention towards asthma disease management and control. While prior studies have presented analyses of asthma epidemiology, the age-sex specific variations in asthma prevalence have not been extensively investigated.

Therefore, there is a current lack of analysis on the age-sex specific disparities in asthma burden using the latest data. Furthermore, an analysis of age and sex differences in asthma can improve diagnostic accuracy, facilitate personalized treatment for patients, aid in disease prevention and management, optimize healthcare resource allocation, and provide novel directions and priorities for asthma research. This study aims to delineate the global, regional, and national differences in the asthma disease burden between 1990 and 2021, stratified by sex and age, utilizing the updated Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database. The analysis encompasses incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), along with their respective temporal trends. The investigation will emphasize age-sex specific patterns, incorporating predictive modeling to forecast future asthma trends in both males and females. The ultimate goal is to enhance the comprehension of asthma epidemiology.

The primary objective of the study is to conduct a comprehensive, multi-faceted analysis of the most recent epidemiological characteristics of asthma, thereby furnishing valuable evidence to inform future therapeutic interventions and policy formulation.

Methods

The asthma data utilized in this study were sourced from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 (GBD 2021) database, which furnishes the most recent epidemiological estimates for 371 diseases and injuries across global, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. All this data is accessible for free access through the Global Health Data Exchange (https://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2021/ sources). For this investigation, we extracted data on asthma incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), along with their respective age-standardized rates and 95% uncertainty intervals, spanning the period between 1990 and 2021, across global, 21 GBD regions, and 204 countries and territories. Furthermore, we employed the SDI to categorize the world into five SDI regions: low, low-middle, middle, high-middle, and high. The SDI, which assesses the developmental status of countries and territories based on income, educational attainment, and fertility rates, underscores the relationship between societal advancement and population characteristics. The SDI ranges from 0 to 1, with higher values indicating a greater level of socioeconomic development.

Case definition

Asthma, which corresponds to ICD-10 codes J45 and J46 and ICD-9 code 493, is a chronic lung disease characterised by bronchospasms, which are typically triggered by allergic reactions or hypersensitivity, leading to breathing difficulties. In GBD 2021, the reference case definition for asthma is a physician diagnosis and wheezing within the past year, although either physician diagnosis alone or recent wheezing alone serves as an alternative case definition. Key data sources for GBD 2021, including Wave 7 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), used definitions aligned with the GBD reference definition for asthma.

EAPC

Employing age-standardized rates (ASR) and estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) to quantify trends in the asthma disease burden. The EAPC, derived from a regression model fitted to calendar years based on natural logarithms, facilitates the calculation of long-term trends in ASR for asthma.

The model is specified as Y = α + βX + ε,

The 95% confidence interval (CI) for the EAPC can be derived from a linear model.(Deng et al.,2020) [16].

An increasing trend in age-standardized rates is indicated when both the Estimated Annual Percentage Change (EAPC) value and the lower bound of the 95% Confidence Interval (CI) are greater than zero; conversely, a decreasing trend is indicated when both the EAPC value and the upper bound of the 95% CI are less than zero. A stable trend is indicated when the 95% CI for EAPC includes zero [17].

Joinpoint regression model

In the present study, we employed the Joinpoint regression model, which segments the study period into intervals based on temporal characteristics of disease distribution. This model employs joinpoints to divide the observation period, enabling trend fitting and optimization within each interval. This approach allows for a detailed evaluation of disease-specific changes across different segments of the global time frame. The Joinpoint Regression Model, developed by the National Cancer Institute’s Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, has been extensively utilized in research on cancer incidence and mortality trends [18]. This study employs the Joinpoint regression model to assess the temporal trends of global asthma incidence, as well as incidence stratified by sex and regions, using the Annual Percent Change (APC), the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC), and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). From a statistical standpoint, an APC or AAPC estimate, alongside its 95% CI lower bound exceeding zero, denotes an upward trajectory in the specified interval. In contrast, an APC or AAPC estimate coupled with a 95% CI upper bound falling below zero signals a downward trend. When the 95% CI for the APC or AAPC encompasses zero, it implies that the trend has remained stable.

ARIMA model

The ARIMA model was applied to predict the burden of asthma, which stands for autoregressive integrated moving average model. The ARIMA model is a statistical model used for analyzing and forecasting time series data [19]. It primarily consists of three components: the autoregressive model (AR), the differencing process (I), and the moving average model (MA). The ARIMA model is typically denoted as ARIMA(p, d, q), where the parameters p, d, and q represent the orders of the AR, I, and MA components, respectively. In this study, we employed the ARIMA model to forecast the global asthma disease burden indicators and the trends in asthma disease burden across different sexes over the next 15 years.

Statistics analysis

All procedures for analysis and graphic representation were performed utilizing the World Health Organization’s Health Equity Assessment Toolkit and the statistical computing software, R (Version 3.5.2). This study is a secondary analysis of publicly available data from the GBD study. As an ecological study using aggregated, de-identified data, it does not involve individual patient data or interventions. Therefore, this research does not meet the criteria for clinical trial registration.

Results

Variations in the asthma disease burden in 2021

In 2021, the global total number of deaths attributed to asthma reached 436,192 individuals (95% UI: 357,795.39–555,604.08).This comprised 201,360 fatalities among males (95% UI: 166,971.22–313,506.9) and 234,832 among females (95% UI: 184,989.78–325,743.4)(Table 1).Notably, with the exception of the 5–14 year age group, female deaths exceeded those of males(Table 1). In 2021, an analysis of ASMR across various age and sex cohorts revealed that the highest global mortality rates was observed in the 70 + age group, with a mortality rate per 100,000 individuals of 45.27(95% UI: 36.79–71.55) for males and 46.23(95% UI: 34.45–66.34) for females(Fig. 1a; Table 1). The lowest mortality rates were recorded in the 5–14 year age group; the mortality rate per 100 000 people was 0.25(95% UI: 0.22–0.29) for males and 0.26(95% UI: 0.2–0.35) for females(Fig. 1a; Table 1). This was followed by the under-5 age group, which had a mortality rate per 100,000 people of 0.66 (95% UI: 0.45–0.89)among males and 0.78 (95% UI: 0.52–1.16)among females(Fig. 1a; Table 1). Notably, with the exception of the 50–69 age group, asthma mortality rates were higher among females compared to males across all other age cohorts(Fig. 1a; Table 1). At the national level, the highest asthma mortality rate in males was observed in Lesotho, with ASMR of 34.27 per 100,000 people(95%UI: 24.67–49.18)(Table S1). Conversely, the highest ASMR for females was recorded in Papua New Guinea, reaching 52.26 per 100,000 people (95% UI: 27.81–102.85.81.85)(Table S1).

Table 1.

Mortality of asthma in 1990 and 2021 by sex,age and region, with temporal trend

	Female					Male
	Number of deaths in 1990(95% UI)	Number of deaths in 2021 (95% UI)	ASMR(per100000population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASMR(per100000population) in 2021 (95% UI)	EAPC, 1990-2021(95% CI)	Number of deaths in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of deaths in 2021 (95% UI)	ASMR(per100000population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASMR(per100000population) in 2021 (95% UI)	EAPC, 1990-2021(95% CI)
Global	175183.22 (128275.05-236774.18)	234832.85 (184989.78-325743.4)	8.21 (5.96-11.27)	5.16 (4.07-7.14)	-1.51 (-1.58 to -1.45)	199194.02 (160292.45-337528.63)	201360.1 (166971.22-313506.9)	11.64 (9.19-20.44)	5.26 (4.38-8.13)	-2.63 (-2.69 to -2.58)
<5	8386.13 (3952.03-11716.78)	2491.53 (1654.55-3677.22)	2.79 (1.32-3.9)	0.78 (0.52-1.16)	-3.96(-4.03 to -3.89)	9406.56 (6707.76-11408.45)	2254.25 (1530.18-3035.94)	2.94 (2.1-3.57)	0.66 (0.45-0.89)	-4.56(-4.65 to -4.47)
5-14	3165.08 (2137.34-3879.08)	1718.22 (1325.27-2293.88)	0.58 (0.39-0.71)	0.26 (0.2-0.35)	-2.37(-2.45 to -2.28)	4088.75 (3392.61-4689.03)	1744.59 (1528.59-2026.9)	0.71 (0.59-0.82)	0.25 (0.22-0.29)	-3.06(-3.19 to -2.93)
15-49	27067.21 (20420.08-32807.9)	28628.24 (23074.91-37321.91)	2.02 (1.53-2.45)	1.47 (1.18-1.92)	-1.22(-1.31 to -1.13)	28460.32 (23329.09-39962.27)	26360.76 (22475.01-35528.33)	2.07 (1.7-2.91)	1.32 (1.12-1.78)	-1.56(-1.62 to -1.5)
50-69	58258.83 (39358.59-81649.02)	73973.72 (55541.79-103457.86)	16.86 (11.39-23.63)	10.1 (7.58-14.12)	-1.89(-2.02 to -1.75)	77798.89 (59806.69-135134.07)	72583.28 (57591.73-115782.48)	23.13 (17.78-40.17)	10.31 (8.18-16.44)	-2.85(-2.98 to -2.72)
70+	78305.97 (53454.12-117314.17)	128021.14 (95408.84-183725.07)	65.64 (44.81-98.34)	46.23 (34.45-66.34)	-0.96(-1.07 to -0.86)	79439.51 (60083.81-148191.86)	98417.23 (79985.42-155562.62)	96.04 (72.64-179.15)	45.27 (36.79-71.55)	-2.4(-2.47 to -2.34)
High SDI	20316.89 (18310.52-22271.02)	11027.38 (9152.21-12502.48)	3.15 (2.86-3.41)	0.91 (0.8-1.01)	-4.59 (-4.95 to -4.22)	20839.14 (19593-23154.15)	6931.8 (6401.58-7432.23)	4.8 (4.49-5.33)	0.82 (0.76-0.87)	-6.43 (-6.86 to -5.99)
<5	98.91 (77.88-122.33)	17.7 (15.54-21.79)	0.33 (0.26-0.41)	0.07 (0.06-0.08)	-4.91(-5.02 to -4.8)	140.31 (118.65-167.54)	18.12 (16.08-20.42)	0.44 (0.37-0.53)	0.07 (0.06-0.07)	-5.67(-5.85 to -5.48)
5-14	190.29 (171.16-210.05)	82.1 (77.42-87.98)	0.31 (0.28-0.35)	0.14 (0.13-0.15)	-2.49(-2.74 to -2.25)	283.61 (263.29-309.51)	104.2 (95.81-113.33)	0.45 (0.41-0.49)	0.17 (0.16-0.19)	-3.06(-3.34 to -2.78)
15-49	2016.4 (1906.33-2123.74)	1044.76 (952.96-1172.78)	0.89 (0.84-0.94)	0.43 (0.39-0.48)	-2.85(-3.11 to -2.58)	2409.26 (2270.7-2583.1)	1063.04 (939.31-1219.51)	1.03 (0.97-1.1)	0.41 (0.36-0.47)	-3.33(-3.65 to -3.02)
50-69	4882.28 (4572.8-5222.49)	1878.17 (1725.24-2100.94)	5.7 (5.34-6.09)	1.34 (1.23-1.5)	-5.27(-5.76 to -4.79)	6370.12 (5843.74-7004.68)	1679.9 (1519.88-1877.48)	8.15 (7.48-8.97)	1.23 (1.12-1.38)	-6.87(-7.44 to -6.3)
70+	13129.01 (11077.55-15118.24)	8004.65 (6064.22-9569.92)	30.36 (25.62-34.96)	9.82 (7.44-11.74)	-4.22(-4.58 to -3.85)	11635.83 (10513.54-13192.6)	4066.55 (3492.88-4626.47)	45.08 (40.73-51.11)	6.56 (5.63-7.46)	-7.02(-7.45 to -6.58)
High-middle SDI	18574.02 (15704.95-21774.22)	12717.64 (10655-14792.7)	3.5 (2.95-4.13)	1.17 (0.99-1.35)	-4.02 (-4.25 to -3.79)	19991 (17437.52-27016.52)	11199.75 (9660.07-12987.31)	5.42 (4.69-7.57)	1.42 (1.22-1.65)	-4.76 (-4.94 to -4.57)
<5	417.4 (240.74-572.82)	34.61 (24.24-49.02)	0.94 (0.54-1.28)	0.1 (0.07-0.15)	-7.52(-7.76 to -7.27)	427.01 (300.85-538.7)	37.16 (27.03-50.45)	0.88 (0.62-1.12)	0.1 (0.07-0.14)	-6.96(-7.22 to -6.7)
5-14	243.89 (179.84-299.31)	44.55 (35.56-58.57)	0.28 (0.2-0.34)	0.06 (0.05-0.08)	-4.82(-4.93 to -4.7)	355.25 (288.51-436.51)	50.55 (42.3-61.65)	0.38 (0.31-0.47)	0.06 (0.05-0.07)	-5.93(-6.05 to -5.8)
15-49	2177.3 (1822.57-2492.86)	951.5 (790.15-1160.86)	0.78 (0.66-0.9)	0.31 (0.26-0.38)	-3.51(-3.73 to -3.28)	2330.82 (1993.92-3072.77)	966.51 (829.84-1136.37)	0.81 (0.7-1.07)	0.3 (0.26-0.35)	-3.82(-4.03 to -3.6)
50-69	5646.31 (4878.55-6436.2)	2823.28 (2392.78-3396.46)	6.17 (5.33-7.03)	1.68 (1.43-2.02)	-5.14(-5.51 to -4.76)	7958.84 (7001.96-10051.81)	3203.28 (2708.01-3826.59)	9.65 (8.49-12.19)	2.02 (1.71-2.42)	-6.08(-6.51 to -5.65)
70+	10089.12 (8149.9-12680.91)	8863.69 (6983.67-10826.9)	31.07 (25.1-39.05)	12.92 (10.18-15.79)	-3.12(-3.36 to -2.88)	8919.09 (7385.91-12876.55)	6942.25 (5619.2-8333.35)	46.97 (38.9-67.81)	14.22 (11.51-17.07)	-4.02(-4.18 to -3.86)
Middle SDI	44550.84 (33657.84-58308.33)	58108.16 (47385.22-71587.02)	9.32 (6.86-12.75)	4.41 (3.58-5.42)	-2.56 (-2.68 to -2.45)	50541.85 (42448.9-76067.05)	55202.19 (48944.72-62862.44)	12.14 (10.12-18.68)	4.97 (4.4-5.61)	-2.97 (-3.1 to -2.84)
<5	2406.92 (1298.89-3178.25)	506.63 (347.48-732.17)	2.49 (1.34-3.29)	0.6 (0.41-0.87)	-4.32(-4.49 to -4.15)	2362.5 (1801.33-2818.31)	394.18 (302.67-508.04)	2.27 (1.73-2.71)	0.43 (0.33-0.55)	-4.87(-5.11 to -4.62)
5-14	1074.87 (748.3-1310.53)	372.66 (282.1-508.07)	0.59 (0.41-0.71)	0.2 (0.15-0.27)	-3.03(-3.18 to -2.88)	1335.83 (1103.58-1531.34)	431.14 (376.47-495.27)	0.69 (0.57-0.79)	0.21 (0.19-0.24)	-3.27(-3.47 to -3.07)
15-49	7097.34 (5355.83-8498.16)	6830.85 (5573.01-8923.14)	1.59 (1.2-1.9)	1.1 (0.9-1.44)	-1.31(-1.41 to -1.21)	7499.54 (6399.79-9945.16)	6769.16 (5906.4-8035.41)	1.62 (1.38-2.15)	1.06 (0.93-1.26)	-1.37(-1.49 to -1.25)
50-69	12718.75 (9294.01-17086.07)	17582.83 (13957.57-23031.43)	13.65 (9.97-18.33)	7.1 (5.64-9.3)	-2.55(-2.72 to -2.37)	17465.05 (13867.13-27474.59)	18871.25 (16456.15-22367.51)	18.16 (14.42-28.56)	7.93 (6.92-9.4)	-2.98(-3.1 to -2.86)
70+	21252.95 (14774.33-30926.36)	32815.19 (24894.17-41239.23)	83.41 (57.99-121.38)	42.4 (32.17-53.29)	-2.23(-2.36 to -2.11)	21878.92 (17520.56-34547.85)	28736.45 (23910.4-33256.24)	108.23 (86.67-170.9)	45.18 (37.59-52.28)	-2.86(-2.99 to -2.73)
Low-middle SDI	63257.82 (40045.97-94602.98)	109260.76 (78767.96-168253.14)	22.11 (13.11-35.41)	16.04 (11.41-25.22)	-0.83 (-0.95 to -0.71)	77813.96 (54271.47-155916.2)	94319.95 (67870.22-182685.26)	26.48 (17.34-57.04)	15.24 (10.93-29.95)	-1.7 (-1.79 to -1.61)
<5	2885.06 (1298.6-4177.15)	617.29 (432.68-923.34)	3.42 (1.54-4.95)	0.66 (0.47-0.99)	-5.23(-5.28 to -5.19)	3445.48 (2350.43-4310.94)	560.56 (403.44-768.8)	3.87 (2.64-4.84)	0.57 (0.41-0.78)	-5.96(-6.01 to -5.91)
5-14	956.21 (585.92-1241.72)	440.34 (336.22-604.74)	0.66 (0.4-0.85)	0.23 (0.18-0.32)	-3.37(-3.54 to -3.2)	1346.68 (1058.29-1642.01)	526.05 (443.6-627.49)	0.88 (0.69-1.07)	0.26 (0.22-0.31)	-3.62(-3.8 to -3.43)
15-49	10599.79 (7252.11-13653.53)	12102.89 (9202.61-16505.07)	3.88 (2.66-5)	2.39 (1.82-3.26)	-1.63(-1.76 to -1.51)	11221.35 (8311.16-16997.42)	11068.68 (8519.61-17090.9)	4.03 (2.99-6.11)	2.17 (1.67-3.35)	-2.01(-2.14 to -1.88)
50-69	24267.01 (13918.14-37288.57)	36749.02 (24958.1-55814.49)	44.63 (25.6-68.57)	28.27 (19.2-42.93)	-1.42(-1.53 to -1.31)	33838.62 (21970.44-67285.13)	36425.72 (25240.97-67766.35)	58.75 (38.14-116.81)	29.16 (20.21-54.25)	-2.25(-2.33 to -2.16)
70+	24549.76 (13075.53-43985.37)	59351.21 (37926.41-99125.16)	184.98 (98.52-331.43)	157.13 (100.41-262.43)	-0.27(-0.44 to -0.11)	27961.83 (16991.58-65945.47)	45738.95 (31861.37-91378.78)	215.88 (131.18-509.12)	141.5 (98.57-282.7)	-1.31(-1.43 to -1.18)
Low SDI	28320.09 (18767.65-43172.91)	43547.85 (27110.92-75754.26)	25.6 (15.26-42.74)	18.27 (11.05-32.72)	-0.94 (-1.07 to -0.8)	29811.71 (20784.28-54793.96)	33554.38 (22984.48-59149.34)	25.92 (17.24-54.24)	14.49 (9.66-27.2)	-1.82 (-1.91 to -1.72)
<5	2566.55 (977.31-3897.2)	1310.42 (797.13-2138.8)	5.76 (2.19-8.75)	1.62 (0.98-2.64)	-3.81(-3.94 to -3.68)	3015.98 (1977.31-3827.22)	1237.68 (711.01-1769.24)	6.52 (4.27-8.27)	1.46 (0.84-2.09)	-4.5(-4.65 to -4.36)
5-14	695.76 (393.17-930.89)	775.6 (549.28-1194.87)	1.03 (0.58-1.37)	0.54 (0.38-0.82)	-2.13(-2.24 to -2.02)	762.4 (582.07-929.96)	629.51 (491.65-805.05)	1.08 (0.83-1.32)	0.42 (0.33-0.54)	-3(-3.09 to -2.91)
15-49	5147.61 (3605.89-6773.19)	7666.75 (5167.79-12439.2)	4.61 (3.23-6.06)	2.79 (1.88-4.53)	-1.87(-1.97 to -1.76)	4974.29 (3630.67-7190.52)	6469.5 (4705.32-8982.45)	4.55 (3.32-6.58)	2.41 (1.76-3.35)	-2.16(-2.23 to -2.1)
50-69	10695.99 (6177.7-17295.04)	14889.27 (8817.63-26400.38)	52.57 (30.36-85)	31.9 (18.89-56.57)	-1.73(-1.88 to -1.58)	12100.12 (7975.02-22691.65)	12352.14 (7892.5-21795.25)	55.85 (36.81-104.73)	26.75 (17.09-47.2)	-2.57(-2.71 to -2.43)
70+	9214.18 (4807.43-17307.24)	18905.81 (10424.11-36452.65)	196.88 (102.72-369.81)	165.17 (91.07-318.48)	-0.24(-0.42 to -0.06)	8958.91 (5217.98-20656.36)	12865.53 (8046.15-26391.5)	192.58 (112.17-444.03)	122.67 (76.72-251.64)	-1.28(-1.39 to -1.17)
North Africa and Middle East	11743.08 (8488.86-16631.76)	12352.04 (10459.45-14568.6)	15.12 (10.3-23.2)	6.43 (5.43-7.56)	-2.88 (-2.94 to -2.82)	13995.51 (10872.82-21289.98)	12637.66 (10970.87-14618.7)	17.99 (13.03-29.56)	6.54 (5.68-7.47)	-3.47 (-3.53 to -3.42)
<5	960.73 (404.38-1443.32)	109.05 (69.5-186.7)	3.84 (1.62-5.78)	0.37 (0.23-0.63)	-7.33(-7.41 to -7.25)	1153.36 (730.36-1581.57)	130.27 (87.5-188.69)	4.4 (2.78-6.03)	0.41 (0.28-0.6)	-7.09(-7.31 to -6.87)
5-14	447.47 (268.49-597.97)	139.43 (92.81-221.45)	1.03 (0.62-1.37)	0.24 (0.16-0.37)	-4.46(-4.61 to -4.31)	571.7 (431.42-738.42)	138.56 (97.03-199.02)	1.25 (0.94-1.61)	0.22 (0.15-0.32)	-5.23(-5.43 to -5.02)
15-49	1478.66 (989.09-1917.07)	1610.45 (1196.33-2112.98)	1.89 (1.27-2.45)	1.01 (0.75-1.33)	-2.13(-2.25 to -2.02)	1360.5 (1033.84-1962.72)	1379.59 (1114.81-1711.01)	1.66 (1.26-2.39)	0.79 (0.64-0.98)	-2.41(-2.49 to -2.34)
50-69	3585.38 (2443.38-5047.84)	3570.86 (2781.22-4552.86)	23.58 (16.07-33.19)	8.7 (6.77-11.09)	-3.69(-3.89 to -3.5)	4901.53 (3596.48-7345.06)	4131.94 (3350.39-5075.53)	30.62 (22.47-45.89)	9.4 (7.62-11.55)	-4.17(-4.32 to -4.01)
70+	5270.86 (3318.66-9073.17)	6922.26 (5335.48-8816.53)	144.74 (91.13-249.16)	66.59 (51.33-84.82)	-2.44(-2.55 to -2.32)	6008.42 (4002.45-10173.43)	6857.31 (5506.98-8318.52)	167.83 (111.8-284.17)	68.99 (55.41-83.69)	-3(-3.09 to -2.91)
South Asia	65906.63 (36885.67-105735.71)	130189.07 (90440.63-211973.7)	26.68 (14.02-45.4)	19.14 (13.15-31.47)	-0.85 (-0.94 to -0.76)	78589.42 (48760.69-172941.12)	102650.05 (69964.11-217221.96)	28.42 (16.52-66.51)	15.94 (10.89-34.37)	-1.75 (-1.81 to -1.68)
<5	764.36 (327.52-1214.01)	123.5 (56.32-303.12)	1.01 (0.43-1.6)	0.16 (0.07-0.4)	-5.77(-6.14 to -5.39)	1588.85 (1059.18-2058.2)	275.98 (193.97-434.77)	1.95 (1.3-2.53)	0.33 (0.23-0.53)	-5.54(-5.61 to -5.48)
5-14	528.77 (322.59-728.62)	231.49 (161.12-363.79)	0.4 (0.24-0.55)	0.14 (0.1-0.22)	-3.77(-4.16 to -3.38)	840.66 (613.67-1070.88)	321.01 (257.2-402.66)	0.58 (0.43-0.74)	0.18 (0.14-0.22)	-3.47(-3.81 to -3.14)
15-49	10906.53 (7240.58-14599.22)	12674.88 (9191.64-18489.4)	4.28 (2.84-5.73)	2.57 (1.86-3.74)	-1.82(-1.97 to -1.67)	11417.69 (7954.95-18637.18)	10656.21 (7787.07-18283.97)	4.16 (2.9-6.8)	2.08 (1.52-3.57)	-2.28(-2.46 to -2.1)
50-69	27827.75 (14634.32-44885.61)	44937.37 (29614.74-71219.2)	55.17 (29.01-88.99)	34.54 (22.76-54.73)	-1.49(-1.61 to -1.37)	36768.77 (22399.89-78732.98)	40589.65 (27068.33-83086.44)	64.41 (39.24-137.91)	31.34 (20.9-64.16)	-2.37(-2.49 to -2.26)
70+	25879.22 (12258.72-48123.52)	72221.84 (45634.16-122727.96)	225.42 (106.78-419.18)	187.89 (118.72-319.28)	-0.29(-0.51 to -0.07)	27973.45 (15313.44-73269.48)	50807.2 (34124.09-110947.29)	232.97 (127.53-610.2)	146.1 (98.13-319.03)	-1.37(-1.53 to -1.22)
Andean Latin America	596.12 (483.42-719.85)	237.91 (157.95-325.33)	3.79 (3.16-4.43)	0.77 (0.51-1.06)	-5.06 (-5.26 to -4.86)	681.21 (538.3-849.64)	218.17 (164.83-279.29)	4.45 (3.61-5.64)	0.8 (0.6-1.04)	-5.37 (-5.63 to -5.11)
<5	287.76 (181.85-417.88)	14.66 (9.02-24.08)	11.09 (7.01-16.1)	0.49 (0.3-0.8)	-9.33(-9.9 to -8.76)	343.8 (235.23-473.9)	14.03 (8.35-22.41)	12.8 (8.76-17.64)	0.44 (0.26-0.71)	-10.08(-10.53 to -9.62)
5-14	47.9 (34.04-63.68)	8.54 (5.6-12.7)	1.01 (0.72-1.35)	0.15 (0.1-0.22)	-5.8(-6.1 to -5.49)	53.77 (39.49-72.74)	9.43 (5.93-14.33)	1.11 (0.82-1.5)	0.15 (0.1-0.23)	-5.96(-6.13 to -5.79)
15-49	61.66 (44.38-82.78)	29.33 (17.99-43.96)	0.65 (0.47-0.87)	0.17 (0.1-0.25)	-4.5(-4.7 to -4.3)	65.41 (45.85-93.73)	27.09 (17.68-39.88)	0.71 (0.5-1.02)	0.15 (0.1-0.23)	-5.04(-5.3 to -4.78)
50-69	66.5 (45.16-93.49)	51.95 (30.26-83.56)	3.77 (2.56-5.31)	1.03 (0.6-1.66)	-4.46(-4.6 to -4.33)	75.74 (51.82-111.98)	47.16 (29.1-71.18)	4.4 (3.01-6.5)	0.99 (0.61-1.5)	-4.83(-5.07 to -4.58)
70+	132.3 (92-190.41)	133.44 (72.82-213.14)	24.54 (17.06-35.32)	7.59 (4.14-12.13)	-3.74(-3.86 to -3.61)	142.49 (98.11-214.81)	120.45 (74.75-184.92)	29.6 (20.38-44.63)	7.91 (4.91-12.14)	-4.07(-4.24 to -3.9)
Australasia	496.36 (453.11-537.48)	385.38 (324.15-431.19)	3.95 (3.63-4.24)	1.35 (1.18-1.48)	-3.63 (-4.28 to -2.98)	430.68 (392.46-468.56)	195.01 (177.19-212.13)	4.37 (3.99-4.74)	0.89 (0.81-0.96)	-5.21 (-6 to -4.41)
<5	1.08 (0.88-1.3)	0.58 (0.45-0.75)	0.14 (0.12-0.17)	0.07 (0.05-0.08)	-2.32(-2.66 to -1.99)	2.15 (1.86-2.52)	0.41 (0.32-0.52)	0.27 (0.23-0.32)	0.04 (0.03-0.06)	-4.84(-5.26 to -4.41)
5-14	6.97 (5.67-8.41)	5.51 (4.37-6.82)	0.47 (0.38-0.57)	0.29 (0.23-0.36)	-2.05(-2.41 to -1.68)	11.23 (9.56-13.3)	4.42 (3.63-5.38)	0.72 (0.61-0.85)	0.22 (0.18-0.27)	-3.45(-3.81 to -3.08)
15-49	80.79 (70.41-92.32)	47.96 (40.69-56.12)	1.51 (1.31-1.72)	0.66 (0.56-0.78)	-2.71(-3.05 to -2.36)	82.25 (70.99-94.76)	37.2 (30.7-44.31)	1.52 (1.31-1.75)	0.52 (0.43-0.61)	-3.41(-3.89 to -2.93)
50-69	158.4 (133.75-186.32)	70.13 (57.21-84.86)	9.15 (7.72-10.76)	1.91 (1.56-2.31)	-5.2(-6.01 to -4.39)	157.11 (128.12-189.18)	42.95 (34.63-52.46)	9.19 (7.49-11.06)	1.23 (1-1.51)	-6.6(-7.67 to -5.51)
70+	249.11 (203.71-300.73)	261.21 (194.49-325.33)	28.55 (23.35-34.47)	13.3 (9.9-16.56)	-2.48(-3.25 to -1.71)	177.93 (145.21-216.5)	110.04 (88.79-132.35)	30.42 (24.82-37.01)	6.55 (5.29-7.88)	-4.98(-5.92 to -4.03)
Caribbean	998.13 (697.22-1419.97)	1046.49 (744.28-1837.53)	6.73 (4.88-9.98)	3.91 (2.73-6.76)	-1.88 (-2.04 to -1.71)	1067 (844.3-1317.7)	985.69 (793.44-1295.36)	7.36 (5.94-9.18)	4.14 (3.31-5.47)	-1.86 (-2.03 to -1.69)
<5	155.89 (53.01-289.14)	65.4 (19.56-136.17)	7.67 (2.61-14.22)	3.45 (1.03-7.18)	-2.07(-2.42 to -1.72)	296.49 (104.9-486.81)	133.31 (44.43-246.66)	14.13 (5-23.21)	6.76 (2.25-12.5)	-1.72(-2.05 to -1.38)
5-14	45.78 (24.63-69.78)	32.98 (15.27-57.54)	1.26 (0.68-1.92)	0.88 (0.41-1.53)	-0.97(-1.11 to -0.83)	54.98 (36.29-79.84)	42.53 (23.85-68.94)	1.51 (0.99-2.19)	1.1 (0.61-1.78)	-0.84(-1 to -0.67)
15-49	261.43 (178.54-373.37)	266.94 (150.64-517.26)	2.8 (1.92-4.01)	2.22 (1.25-4.3)	-0.9(-1.06 to -0.74)	188.1 (147.14-237.32)	201.11 (142.61-288.23)	2.1 (1.64-2.65)	1.69 (1.2-2.42)	-0.81(-1.05 to -0.56)
50-69	264.81 (176.98-480.42)	332.04 (209.26-706)	12.58 (8.4-22.81)	7.3 (4.6-15.52)	-2.03(-2.2 to -1.85)	258.4 (185.44-380.68)	295.65 (213.37-444.69)	12.72 (9.13-18.74)	6.94 (5.01-10.44)	-2.07(-2.29 to -1.85)
70+	270.21 (195.43-480.84)	349.13 (244.93-620.13)	34.57 (25.01-61.52)	19.82 (13.9-35.2)	-2.07(-2.28 to -1.86)	269.03 (200.23-413.54)	313.09 (231.31-463.39)	38.73 (28.83-59.54)	21.77 (16.09-32.22)	-2.15(-2.35 to -1.94)
Central Asia	2585.23 (2201.93-2871.49)	1634.3 (1395.19-1917.11)	9.42 (7.99-10.49)	3.82 (3.25-4.48)	-3.7 (-4.27 to -3.14)	2562.08 (2050.86-3058.91)	1580.92 (1340.39-1867.67)	15.09 (12.09-18.55)	5.14 (4.4-6.05)	-4.2 (-4.7 to -3.71)
<5	23.64 (16.28-31.27)	3.16 (2.19-4.78)	0.51 (0.35-0.67)	0.07 (0.05-0.1)	-6.59(-7.04 to -6.15)	27.64 (17.03-35.7)	3.27 (2.42-4.36)	0.57 (0.35-0.74)	0.06 (0.05-0.08)	-7.24(-7.63 to -6.85)
5-14	15.19 (12.62-17.77)	5.03 (3.94-6.75)	0.2 (0.17-0.23)	0.06 (0.05-0.08)	-4.37(-4.93 to -3.8)	21.33 (17.97-24.51)	5.84 (4.89-7.05)	0.27 (0.23-0.31)	0.06 (0.05-0.08)	-5.13(-5.6 to -4.65)
15-49	235.47 (206.54-264.49)	153.33 (123.46-197.48)	1.4 (1.23-1.58)	0.63 (0.51-0.81)	-4.04(-4.72 to -3.35)	248.46 (209.04-295.25)	153.88 (130.51-182.37)	1.5 (1.26-1.78)	0.63 (0.53-0.74)	-4.55(-5.27 to -3.83)
50-69	990.81 (868.74-1111.93)	664.1 (550.56-823.03)	20.82 (18.26-23.37)	7.76 (6.43-9.62)	-4.78(-5.58 to -3.97)	1257.7 (1028.4-1468.04)	783.88 (649.8-945.12)	31.74 (25.95-37.04)	10.57 (8.76-12.74)	-5.14(-5.94 to -4.34)
70+	1320.12 (1035.17-1573.82)	808.68 (656.86-970.78)	85.91 (67.36-102.42)	38.29 (31.1-45.97)	-3.06(-3.61 to -2.5)	1006.95 (785.49-1276.17)	634.04 (533.92-757.85)	140.52 (109.61-178.09)	49.26 (41.48-58.88)	-3.77(-4.25 to -3.29)
Central Europe	2602.67 (2396.98-2873.49)	1045.84 (917.17-1150.42)	3.22 (2.96-3.57)	0.75 (0.66-0.83)	-5.14 (-5.66 to -4.62)	4008.15 (3746.67-4518.86)	777.81 (703.74-857.55)	7.31 (6.8-8.25)	0.86 (0.78-0.94)	-7.53 (-8.01 to -7.06)
<5	3.88 (2.92-4.96)	0.26 (0.18-0.36)	0.09 (0.07-0.11)	0.01 (0.01-0.01)	-6.67(-7.42 to -5.93)	4 (2.72-5.72)	0.06 (0.04-0.09)	0.09 (0.06-0.12)	0 (0-0)	-11.81(-12.34 to -11.27)
5-14	11.26 (9.91-12.74)	0.98 (0.85-1.16)	0.11 (0.1-0.13)	0.02 (0.01-0.02)	-5.76(-5.98 to -5.55)	13.98 (12.46-15.82)	0.61 (0.51-0.72)	0.13 (0.12-0.15)	0.01 (0.01-0.01)	-8.46(-8.82 to -8.1)
15-49	196.48 (180.99-215.1)	32.39 (27.47-39.08)	0.64 (0.59-0.7)	0.13 (0.11-0.15)	-5.81(-6.25 to -5.36)	184.83 (170.26-205.73)	25.13 (22.71-28.04)	0.59 (0.54-0.66)	0.09 (0.08-0.1)	-7.05(-7.57 to -6.52)
50-69	777.13 (705.34-862.55)	210.94 (182.97-246.82)	5.66 (5.13-6.28)	1.35 (1.17-1.58)	-5.27(-5.81 to -4.72)	1501.72 (1371.18-1693.03)	222.39 (194.79-257.08)	12.65 (11.55-14.26)	1.54 (1.35-1.79)	-7.75(-8.4 to -7.09)
70+	1613.92 (1430.74-1867.83)	801.26 (674.04-927.89)	32.7 (28.99-37.85)	8.78 (7.38-10.16)	-4.43(-5.07 to -3.77)	2303.61 (2088.52-2623.8)	529.61 (449.97-617.66)	77.73 (70.47-88.53)	9.27 (7.87-10.81)	-7.17(-7.64 to -6.7)
Central Latin America	2764.07 (2640.12-2917.07)	1456.21 (1255.33-1652.45)	6.12 (5.8-6.53)	1.1 (0.95-1.25)	-5.93 (-6.12 to -5.75)	2588.83 (2460.74-2740.46)	1155.04 (1019.02-1315.91)	6.38 (6.01-6.8)	1.06 (0.94-1.21)	-6.24 (-6.45 to -6.04)
<5	446.93 (378.77-507.33)	36.43 (22.7-65.69)	3.94 (3.34-4.47)	0.37 (0.23-0.67)	-7.83(-8.11 to -7.55)	441.89 (391.04-499.08)	40.45 (27.16-58.66)	3.78 (3.35-4.27)	0.4 (0.27-0.57)	-7.44(-7.87 to -7.02)
5-14	107.98 (95.48-120.91)	20.92 (16.73-29.21)	0.53 (0.47-0.59)	0.1 (0.08-0.14)	-5.06(-5.24 to -4.87)	106.12 (94.55-118.83)	22.75 (18.61-28.05)	0.51 (0.45-0.57)	0.1 (0.08-0.13)	-5.28(-5.52 to -5.04)
15-49	384.82 (359.85-413.09)	256.84 (210.14-318.92)	0.92 (0.86-0.99)	0.38 (0.31-0.47)	-3.12(-3.26 to -2.99)	284.39 (261.6-313)	188.34 (164.06-214.87)	0.72 (0.66-0.79)	0.29 (0.25-0.33)	-3.3(-3.51 to -3.09)
50-69	599.28 (556.46-651.74)	408.5 (341.68-484.8)	8.14 (7.56-8.85)	1.8 (1.5-2.13)	-5.58(-5.86 to -5.29)	529.41 (485.33-578.44)	292.24 (247.88-347.92)	7.57 (6.94-8.27)	1.46 (1.24-1.74)	-5.97(-6.22 to -5.72)
70+	1225.06 (1112.37-1351.56)	733.51 (609.49-856.04)	57.38 (52.1-63.3)	9.7 (8.06-11.32)	-6.02(-6.18 to -5.85)	1227.01 (1123.93-1333.27)	611.25 (521.86-707.88)	64.42 (59.01-70)	10.03 (8.56-11.61)	-6.39(-6.58 to -6.21)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	3038.94 (1576.87-7266.25)	5070.9 (2448.4-13549.6)	26.13 (11.65-76.23)	18.33 (7.69-53.84)	-1.14 (-1.2 to -1.09)	2282.2 (1504.09-3047.64)	3005.06 (1848.87-4163.8)	19.29 (12.08-30.14)	11.9 (7.15-16.6)	-1.61 (-1.7 to -1.51)
<5	338.21 (30.28-694.59)	159.51 (48.92-297.36)	6.59 (0.59-13.54)	1.54 (0.47-2.87)	-4.2(-4.51 to -3.89)	370.99 (211.35-553.94)	137.51 (61.59-260.42)	7.06 (4.02-10.54)	1.29 (0.58-2.43)	-5.02(-5.45 to -4.59)
5-14	105.85 (35.66-180.34)	125.81 (59.23-232.59)	1.43 (0.48-2.43)	0.68 (0.32-1.25)	-2.02(-2.23 to -1.81)	81.61 (50.54-126.14)	82.03 (50.96-130.4)	1.09 (0.68-1.68)	0.43 (0.27-0.69)	-2.71(-2.97 to -2.44)
15-49	587.47 (290.92-1240)	1038.47 (551.93-2358.74)	4.75 (2.35-10.03)	3.18 (1.69-7.22)	-1.43(-1.52 to -1.35)	480.95 (302.76-692.76)	893.54 (543.9-1340.69)	3.99 (2.51-5.75)	2.75 (1.67-4.12)	-1.14(-1.23 to -1.05)
50-69	1214 (510-3294.79)	1983.91 (849.41-5385.3)	50.98 (21.42-138.37)	34.37 (14.72-93.3)	-1.41(-1.51 to -1.3)	850.98 (495.52-1302.33)	1255.34 (653.96-1989.03)	41.39 (24.1-63.35)	23.3 (12.14-36.92)	-2.07(-2.19 to -1.95)
70+	793.41 (279.08-2539.76)	1763.2 (576.31-5926.41)	187.69 (66.02-600.81)	154.32 (50.44-518.71)	-0.55(-0.63 to -0.48)	497.65 (268.63-873.7)	636.65 (346.16-1052.81)	128.3 (69.26-225.25)	85.7 (46.6-141.73)	-1.36(-1.48 to -1.24)
East Asia	17980 (11433.46-25269.38)	12712.84 (9467.22-17043.05)	5.17 (3.27-7.54)	1.21 (0.9-1.62)	-5.12 (-5.4 to -4.85)	21013.92 (15358.97-33545.81)	15621.01 (11327.4-20115.52)	7.4 (5.3-12.57)	1.98 (1.45-2.49)	-4.32 (-4.54 to -4.11)
<5	771.45 (433.66-1058.53)	9.91 (5.52-19.59)	1.42 (0.8-1.94)	0.03 (0.01-0.05)	-12.76(-13.15 to -12.37)	808.12 (538.78-1044.58)	12.05 (7.6-18.81)	1.32 (0.88-1.7)	0.03 (0.02-0.04)	-12.02(-12.46 to -11.59)
5-14	388.06 (186.41-514.43)	19.08 (12.52-31.91)	0.38 (0.18-0.5)	0.02 (0.01-0.04)	-9.75(-10.15 to -9.35)	527.5 (379.26-683.04)	31.02 (22.23-44.63)	0.48 (0.34-0.62)	0.03 (0.02-0.04)	-8.86(-9.17 to -8.55)
15-49	2072.03 (1281.38-2756.1)	622.22 (441.4-906.25)	0.62 (0.38-0.83)	0.19 (0.13-0.27)	-4.23(-4.39 to -4.07)	2467.85 (1761.33-3802.65)	874.62 (647.15-1133.29)	0.69 (0.5-1.07)	0.24 (0.18-0.32)	-3.46(-3.59 to -3.33)
50-69	3910.51 (2357.65-5512.57)	2060.67 (1426.32-2957.64)	5.06 (3.05-7.13)	1.05 (0.72-1.5)	-5.73(-6.03 to -5.43)	6500.59 (4537.35-10197.39)	3349.56 (2355.66-4530.8)	7.87 (5.5-12.35)	1.7 (1.2-2.31)	-5.12(-5.29 to -4.96)
70+	10837.95 (6623.13-16569.03)	10000.96 (7063.28-13801.23)	49.16 (30.04-75.15)	14.85 (10.49-20.49)	-4.24(-4.51 to -3.98)	10709.86 (7425.15-18305.51)	11353.75 (8124.55-14624.64)	63.5 (44.02-108.53)	20.19 (14.45-26.01)	-3.67(-3.86 to -3.49)
Eastern Europe	5806.53 (5533.74-6069.48)	979.66 (881-1066.85)	3.34 (3.19-3.49)	0.46 (0.41-0.5)	-7.65 (-8.06 to -7.24)	5353.4 (5118.82-5537.83)	578.5 (524.11-634.55)	5.51 (5.26-5.71)	0.47 (0.42-0.51)	-9.24 (-9.75 to -8.72)
<5	8.38 (7.59-9.28)	0.29 (0.25-0.35)	0.1 (0.09-0.11)	0.01 (0.01-0.01)	-9.19(-9.55 to -8.82)	10.31 (9.42-11.25)	0.4 (0.33-0.46)	0.12 (0.11-0.13)	0.01 (0.01-0.01)	-8.78(-9.41 to -8.15)
5-14	28.24 (26.76-29.81)	4.04 (3.65-4.41)	0.17 (0.16-0.18)	0.03 (0.03-0.04)	-6.18(-6.61 to -5.74)	43.7 (41.48-46.2)	6.24 (5.85-6.65)	0.25 (0.24-0.27)	0.05 (0.05-0.05)	-6.18(-6.6 to -5.75)
15-49	603.12 (567.86-643.08)	86.35 (75.49-98.24)	1.09 (1.03-1.16)	0.18 (0.16-0.2)	-6.83(-7.21 to -6.46)	585.25 (555.21-616.77)	74.87 (66.73-83.25)	1.06 (1.01-1.12)	0.16 (0.14-0.17)	-7.62(-8.14 to -7.1)
50-69	2409.25 (2287.9-2544.89)	308.96 (274.21-343.27)	8.36 (7.94-8.83)	1.02 (0.9-1.13)	-8.51(-9.06 to -7.96)	3201.91 (3030.96-3366.32)	247.87 (219.44-275.49)	15.41 (14.59-16.2)	1.06 (0.94-1.18)	-10.47(-11.15 to -9.79)
70+	2757.54 (2548.54-2951.43)	580.02 (506.99-636.92)	24.51 (22.65-26.23)	3.95 (3.46-4.34)	-7.1(-7.54 to -6.65)	1512.24 (1418.46-1594.97)	249.11 (222.09-276.02)	38.78 (36.38-40.9)	3.72 (3.32-4.12)	-8.6(-9.12 to -8.08)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	6659.08 (4520.58-8771.58)	9154.87 (5252.73-18591.09)	14.16 (9.11-23.81)	9.36 (4.92-20.58)	-1.42 (-1.47 to -1.37)	8083.3 (5628.25-11179.59)	8185.25 (5230.52-11583.92)	18.47 (12.04-29.71)	9.46 (5.65-14.33)	-2.31 (-2.38 to -2.24)
<5	1525.62 (670.46-2302.27)	726.03 (392.85-1496.21)	8.59 (3.78-12.96)	2.32 (1.25-4.78)	-3.84(-4.03 to -3.64)	1463.9 (959.8-1891.87)	514.42 (303.32-750.33)	7.99 (5.24-10.32)	1.58 (0.93-2.31)	-4.91(-5.1 to -4.71)
5-14	302.61 (181.61-403.36)	368.75 (232.02-656.63)	1.13 (0.68-1.5)	0.65 (0.41-1.16)	-1.55(-1.64 to -1.46)	314.36 (235.83-388.64)	273.57 (209.92-359.7)	1.14 (0.85-1.41)	0.47 (0.36-0.62)	-2.81(-2.88 to -2.74)
15-49	1535.95 (1091.68-1947.42)	2537.6 (1556.96-4691.07)	3.56 (2.53-4.51)	2.37 (1.45-4.38)	-1.58(-1.69 to -1.46)	1730.55 (1268.97-2319.64)	2422.47 (1735.34-3232.72)	4.3 (3.15-5.76)	2.37 (1.7-3.16)	-2.14(-2.21 to -2.06)
50-69	1779.74 (1133.87-2629.01)	2714.09 (1412.99-5733.95)	25.93 (16.52-38.3)	16.9 (8.8-35.7)	-1.54(-1.61 to -1.48)	2632.6 (1669.01-4006.26)	2767.93 (1628.46-4093.16)	38.36 (24.32-58.38)	18.07 (10.63-26.72)	-2.62(-2.71 to -2.53)
70+	1515.16 (809.46-3030.42)	2808.39 (1319.01-6713.12)	97.27 (51.97-194.55)	74.49 (34.99-178.06)	-0.92(-0.96 to -0.88)	1941.89 (1157.69-3530.7)	2206.86 (1223.66-3630.98)	124.74 (74.36-226.79)	70.73 (39.22-116.37)	-2.01(-2.1 to -1.92)
High-income Asia Pacific	6384.47 (5026.95-7547.34)	2612.65 (1813.72-3445.14)	5.97 (4.7-7.01)	0.63 (0.47-0.87)	-8.29 (-8.74 to -7.85)	6561.49 (5928.26-7436.92)	1553.12 (1304.95-1795.42)	9.18 (8.3-10.33)	0.68 (0.58-0.78)	-9.63 (-10.11 to -9.16)
<5	33 (26.25-42.18)	1.42 (1.04-2.08)	0.67 (0.53-0.86)	0.05 (0.03-0.07)	-8.79(-9.13 to -8.45)	38.49 (30.78-48.24)	1.13 (0.86-1.55)	0.73 (0.58-0.91)	0.03 (0.03-0.05)	-9.95(-10.5 to -9.4)
5-14	63.04 (49.38-80.04)	2.94 (2.17-4.51)	0.52 (0.41-0.66)	0.04 (0.03-0.06)	-9.23(-9.61 to -8.85)	93.38 (77.88-113.92)	2.83 (2.06-3.73)	0.73 (0.61-0.89)	0.03 (0.03-0.05)	-10.3(-10.6 to -9.99)
15-49	446.43 (383.73-511.12)	48.72 (38.11-83.8)	0.98 (0.84-1.12)	0.13 (0.1-0.22)	-7.21(-7.5 to -6.92)	670.97 (585.14-773.69)	43.48 (35.69-53.94)	1.43 (1.24-1.64)	0.11 (0.09-0.13)	-9.24(-9.59 to -8.89)
50-69	1034.41 (878.79-1202.43)	129.19 (97.87-202.56)	5.79 (4.92-6.73)	0.52 (0.39-0.81)	-8.79(-9.25 to -8.33)	1540.4 (1271.81-1842.74)	163.97 (125.91-217.61)	9.5 (7.84-11.36)	0.66 (0.51-0.88)	-9.7(-10.15 to -9.25)
70+	4807.59 (3414.95-6209.72)	2430.38 (1530.96-3488.71)	69.29 (49.22-89.5)	12.05 (7.59-17.3)	-6.81(-7.31 to -6.3)	4218.25 (3542.19-5065.51)	1341.71 (1007.14-1764.7)	97.7 (82.04-117.32)	9.08 (6.82-11.95)	-9.04(-9.57 to -8.5)
High-income North America	3297.96 (3057.18-3450.95)	2485.46 (2250.93-2629.05)	1.75 (1.65-1.82)	0.85 (0.79-0.89)	-2.95 (-3.26 to -2.64)	2151.38 (2067.38-2214.36)	1576.57 (1492.72-1638.1)	1.5 (1.44-1.55)	0.7 (0.67-0.72)	-2.95 (-3.35 to -2.55)
<5	17.43 (16.22-18.77)	6.58 (5.64-7.64)	0.16 (0.15-0.18)	0.07 (0.06-0.08)	-2.46(-2.78 to -2.14)	27.25 (25.7-28.88)	8.83 (7.46-10.34)	0.25 (0.23-0.26)	0.08 (0.07-0.1)	-2.68(-3.09 to -2.28)
5-14	61.63 (58.48-64.81)	52.49 (48.57-56.26)	0.32 (0.3-0.33)	0.24 (0.22-0.26)	-0.95(-1.26 to -0.64)	92.2 (88.02-96.45)	79.66 (72.59-87.44)	0.45 (0.43-0.47)	0.35 (0.31-0.38)	-0.97(-1.24 to -0.69)
15-49	645.16 (617.41-674.75)	537.38 (505.43-570.44)	0.87 (0.83-0.91)	0.64 (0.6-0.68)	-1.8(-2.13 to -1.47)	557.92 (533.42-584.02)	511.55 (482.16-541.74)	0.75 (0.71-0.78)	0.6 (0.57-0.64)	-1.09(-1.4 to -0.78)
50-69	1061.48 (1001.4-1119.71)	743.75 (696.79-787.5)	4.23 (3.99-4.47)	1.56 (1.46-1.65)	-3.82(-4.28 to -3.36)	666.48 (629.4-706.26)	497.15 (467.35-526.05)	2.97 (2.81-3.15)	1.11 (1.04-1.17)	-3.71(-4.32 to -3.1)
70+	1512.26 (1293.63-1652.29)	1145.26 (922.13-1282.52)	10.56 (9.03-11.54)	4.7 (3.79-5.27)	-3.03(-3.24 to -2.82)	807.53 (740.02-860.83)	479.39 (417.75-521.21)	9.08 (8.32-9.67)	2.53 (2.2-2.75)	-4.79(-5.15 to -4.42)
Oceania	558.46 (345.79-896.71)	1173.98 (698.9-2084.08)	48.82 (30.35-80.8)	39.57 (23.75-70.74)	-0.75 (-0.82 to -0.67)	543.33 (381.83-866.67)	873.04 (614.23-1589.12)	44.06 (31.5-71.13)	27.97 (20.07-51.6)	-1.54 (-1.6 to -1.48)
<5	18.4 (2.85-43.55)	20.06 (4.87-44.7)	3.82 (0.59-9.03)	2.17 (0.53-4.83)	-1.73(-2.06 to -1.41)	17.01 (4.68-32.4)	19.21 (4.69-38.08)	3.26 (0.9-6.2)	1.9 (0.46-3.77)	-1.64(-1.99 to -1.29)
5-14	13.72 (6.47-24.19)	19.66 (10-34.59)	1.72 (0.81-3.03)	1.31 (0.67-2.31)	-0.89(-1.08 to -0.69)	16.33 (9.44-25)	16.73 (9.85-26.56)	1.86 (1.08-2.85)	1.01 (0.6-1.61)	-1.97(-2.14 to -1.81)
15-49	127.95 (73.54-211.99)	255.79 (133.08-484.98)	8.23 (4.73-13.64)	7.37 (3.83-13.97)	-0.4(-0.48 to -0.33)	101.45 (64.57-157.62)	136.44 (86.76-238.28)	6.18 (3.93-9.6)	3.79 (2.41-6.61)	-1.65(-1.7 to -1.59)
50-69	190.79 (92.9-366.76)	381.83 (176.89-821.68)	70.14 (34.15-134.82)	53.85 (24.95-115.89)	-0.91(-0.95 to -0.86)	200.92 (120.57-352.23)	317.4 (187.01-613.18)	67.21 (40.33-117.83)	40.33 (23.76-77.92)	-1.72(-1.76 to -1.67)
70+	207.6 (111.89-388.38)	496.64 (271.86-932.93)	405.2 (218.39-758.04)	366.42 (200.58-688.32)	-0.26(-0.44 to -0.08)	207.62 (132.23-352.57)	383.26 (232.15-721.76)	393.77 (250.8-668.7)	273.13 (165.44-514.36)	-1.19(-1.26 to -1.12)
Southeast Asia	23352.06 (16830.78-29513.57)	31381.67 (25511.46-40218.74)	17.58 (13.12-23.84)	9.93 (8.1-12.51)	-1.98 (-2.13 to -1.83)	27799.95 (23457.97-36272.27)	34016.26 (28742.62-39993.23)	25.89 (21.55-35.08)	13.27 (11.11-15.57)	-2.15 (-2.26 to -2.04)
<5	2158.63 (559.68-3426.68)	729.97 (484.46-1019.56)	7.59 (1.97-12.05)	2.67 (1.77-3.74)	-3.14(-3.22 to -3.07)	1622.86 (855.02-2112.23)	425.79 (316.42-561.44)	5.43 (2.86-7.07)	1.47 (1.09-1.94)	-3.72(-3.87 to -3.57)
5-14	665.16 (324.33-932.32)	341.25 (242.34-464.3)	1.21 (0.59-1.69)	0.6 (0.43-0.82)	-1.8(-1.95 to -1.66)	857.54 (671.25-1035.84)	395.95 (333.67-461.79)	1.49 (1.17-1.8)	0.66 (0.56-0.77)	-2.17(-2.3 to -2.04)
15-49	4198.42 (2488.16-5393.1)	4684.29 (3569.25-6326.4)	3.49 (2.07-4.49)	2.56 (1.95-3.45)	-0.97(-1.05 to -0.89)	4455.79 (3720.72-5377.02)	4997.8 (4081.93-6115)	3.83 (3.2-4.62)	2.66 (2.18-3.26)	-0.99(-1.08 to -0.9)
50-69	6774.35 (4716.56-9043.94)	9601.55 (7269.57-13181.44)	27.58 (19.2-36.82)	14.88 (11.27-20.43)	-2.34(-2.51 to -2.17)	9340.17 (7326.26-12981.81)	12057.32 (9614.89-14894.07)	41.18 (32.3-57.24)	20.01 (15.96-24.72)	-2.56(-2.64 to -2.47)
70+	9555.51 (6446.28-14520.9)	16024.62 (12056.59-21083.41)	155.83 (105.13-236.81)	92.91 (69.9-122.23)	-1.8(-1.94 to -1.66)	11523.59 (8936.67-16460.02)	16139.41 (12756.53-20003.88)	240.83 (186.77-344)	125.8 (99.43-155.92)	-2.07(-2.19 to -1.96)
Southern Latin America	582.36 (539.37-636.66)	496.23 (437.63-536.13)	2.3 (2.13-2.51)	0.97 (0.88-1.05)	-2.9 (-3.21 to -2.58)	524.58 (447.59-593.9)	259.62 (236.82-284.47)	2.61 (2.23-2.96)	0.72 (0.65-0.79)	-4.62 (-4.92 to -4.33)
<5	2.64 (1.97-3.53)	0.3 (0.22-0.4)	0.1 (0.08-0.14)	0.01 (0.01-0.02)	-5.98(-6.25 to -5.71)	8.18 (6.2-10.89)	0.74 (0.53-1.03)	0.31 (0.24-0.42)	0.03 (0.02-0.05)	-7.15(-7.5 to -6.8)
5-14	11.2 (8.28-14.74)	3.11 (2.18-4.34)	0.23 (0.17-0.3)	0.06 (0.04-0.09)	-3.68(-4.03 to -3.33)	14.22 (10.8-17.98)	3.03 (2.17-4.13)	0.29 (0.22-0.36)	0.06 (0.04-0.08)	-5.53(-5.77 to -5.28)
15-49	105.28 (89.8-123.01)	58.11 (48.19-69.84)	0.85 (0.72-0.99)	0.33 (0.28-0.4)	-3.2(-3.41 to -2.99)	94.16 (76.48-115.62)	38.85 (31.9-46.77)	0.78 (0.63-0.96)	0.23 (0.18-0.27)	-4.43(-4.69 to -4.17)
50-69	190.41 (160.32-224.29)	110.33 (92.27-131.02)	4.81 (4.05-5.67)	1.61 (1.35-1.92)	-3.76(-4.08 to -3.44)	201.44 (158.9-248.87)	75.33 (61.84-90.82)	5.71 (4.5-7.05)	1.22 (1-1.47)	-5.67(-6.01 to -5.33)
70+	272.84 (225.29-324.38)	324.37 (256.01-386.81)	17.47 (14.42-20.77)	9.96 (7.86-11.88)	-1.84(-2.23 to -1.45)	206.59 (166.26-254.61)	141.67 (118.4-166.91)	19.25 (15.5-23.73)	6.32 (5.28-7.45)	-3.91(-4.24 to -3.58)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	2752.86 (2050.6-4342.8)	3797.46 (3264.75-4421.2)	17.17 (12.44-28.5)	12.06 (10.21-14.1)	-1.08 (-1.51 to -0.64)	2669.64 (2275.43-3188.63)	3782.81 (3336.7-4167.68)	22.72 (18.94-28.6)	16.53 (14.36-18.11)	-1.18 (-1.78 to -0.58)
<5	80.44 (24.12-129.55)	29.47 (15.93-43.48)	2.17 (0.65-3.5)	0.74 (0.4-1.1)	-1.83(-3.54 to -0.08)	115.3 (50.13-158.24)	46.5 (30.36-67.08)	3.06 (1.33-4.2)	1.14 (0.75-1.65)	-1.54(-3 to -0.05)
5-14	64.47 (44.21-91.44)	50.11 (36.49-63.9)	0.97 (0.66-1.37)	0.63 (0.46-0.8)	-1.92(-2.54 to -1.3)	79.67 (59.58-100.88)	68.58 (52.92-85.69)	1.21 (0.91-1.54)	0.85 (0.65-1.06)	-1.58(-2.12 to -1.04)
15-49	836.63 (625.36-1150.26)	774.72 (599.63-1030.86)	6.29 (4.7-8.65)	3.57 (2.76-4.75)	-1.44(-2.29 to -0.58)	718.91 (575.11-879.24)	877.59 (716.25-1048.6)	5.77 (4.61-7.05)	4.09 (3.34-4.89)	-1.57(-2.23 to -0.9)
50-69	681.96 (468.23-1182.86)	1222.41 (983.62-1527.82)	26.68 (18.32-46.28)	21.09 (16.97-26.36)	-0.64(-1.02 to -0.25)	842 (650.47-1101.95)	1513.77 (1265.14-1794.93)	39.75 (30.71-52.03)	32.87 (27.47-38.97)	-0.84(-1.5 to -0.18)
70+	1089.36 (675.99-2047.57)	1720.76 (1302.66-2162.66)	138.15 (85.73-259.67)	102.82 (77.84-129.23)	-1.01(-1.43 to -0.58)	913.77 (703.13-1265.58)	1276.37 (1053.39-1512.17)	179.3 (137.97-248.33)	128.48 (106.04-152.22)	-1.19(-1.79 to -0.6)
Tropical Latin America	1495.84 (1352.92-1640.98)	1748.34 (1551.35-1869.82)	2.96 (2.64-3.28)	1.26 (1.12-1.35)	-3.37 (-3.7 to -3.03)	1235.69 (1156.15-1318.67)	940.5 (875.96-1003.04)	2.84 (2.64-3.02)	0.87 (0.8-0.93)	-4.14 (-4.42 to -3.87)
<5	210.92 (178.59-249.31)	30.63 (23.26-39.98)	2.51 (2.13-2.97)	0.36 (0.28-0.48)	-6.51(-6.94 to -6.08)	225.15 (172.82-271.41)	21.31 (15.42-27.22)	2.59 (1.99-3.12)	0.24 (0.18-0.31)	-6.84(-7.36 to -6.32)
5-14	51.37 (44.49-58.8)	18.88 (15.91-22.22)	0.28 (0.25-0.33)	0.12 (0.1-0.14)	-2.76(-3.07 to -2.46)	49.47 (41.48-56.64)	18.32 (14.46-22.22)	0.27 (0.22-0.31)	0.11 (0.09-0.13)	-2.72(-3.13 to -2.3)
15-49	278.26 (251.04-310.89)	273.96 (252.59-296.07)	0.7 (0.63-0.78)	0.45 (0.42-0.49)	-2.48(-2.94 to -2.02)	195.23 (179.66-212.71)	188.38 (171.9-206.4)	0.51 (0.47-0.55)	0.32 (0.29-0.35)	-2.18(-2.55 to -1.8)
50-69	408.05 (357.68-461.85)	473.65 (432.42-514.92)	4.89 (4.29-5.54)	2.07 (1.89-2.25)	-4.04(-4.55 to -3.52)	347.38 (318.34-379.79)	287.48 (262.06-315.93)	4.51 (4.13-4.93)	1.42 (1.29-1.56)	-4.6(-4.99 to -4.21)
70+	547.24 (459.61-630.41)	951.22 (764.99-1080.12)	22.59 (18.97-26.02)	11.46 (9.21-13.01)	-2.37(-2.61 to -2.13)	418.47 (373.21-463.61)	425.01 (367.52-473.23)	21.53 (19.2-23.85)	7.01 (6.06-7.81)	-3.76(-4.04 to -3.49)
Western Europe	8802.62 (8022.64-9432)	4854.68 (3971.67-5360.83)	2.57 (2.37-2.73)	0.79 (0.69-0.86)	-4.08 (-4.5 to -3.66)	9116.28 (8391.11-10016.73)	1886.05 (1726.99-2001.18)	4.1 (3.76-4.48)	0.48 (0.45-0.51)	-7.48 (-8.03 to -6.93)
<5	19.9 (18.33-21.75)	7.81 (6.81-8.97)	0.18 (0.16-0.19)	0.08 (0.07-0.09)	-1.56(-2.07 to -1.06)	37.3 (34.85-39.77)	5.84 (5.06-6.76)	0.32 (0.3-0.34)	0.05 (0.05-0.06)	-4.8(-5.16 to -4.43)
5-14	44.18 (41.31-47.31)	21.02 (19.32-23.03)	0.19 (0.18-0.2)	0.09 (0.08-0.1)	-2.05(-2.28 to -1.82)	72.74 (68.44-77.55)	15.76 (14.34-17.43)	0.3 (0.28-0.31)	0.07 (0.06-0.07)	-4.78(-4.98 to -4.58)
15-49	685.3 (648.26-723.7)	231.07 (218.58-244.58)	0.72 (0.68-0.76)	0.25 (0.23-0.26)	-3.5(-3.7 to -3.31)	916.54 (849.95-993.07)	180.25 (167.03-195.73)	0.94 (0.87-1.01)	0.19 (0.18-0.21)	-5.48(-5.78 to -5.19)
50-69	2185.01 (2010.77-2381.13)	630.89 (579.12-683.44)	5.04 (4.64-5.49)	1.08 (0.99-1.17)	-5.49(-5.99 to -4.99)	2871.65 (2531.29-3262.36)	412.62 (373.41-455.44)	7.31 (6.44-8.3)	0.73 (0.66-0.81)	-8.18(-8.76 to -7.59)
70+	5868.23 (5050.89-6586.28)	3963.9 (3053.45-4542.92)	24.75 (21.3-27.78)	10.58 (8.15-12.12)	-2.93(-3.45 to -2.41)	5218.05 (4562.12-6006.28)	1271.58 (1102.55-1404.21)	38.27 (33.46-44.05)	4.49 (3.89-4.96)	-7.53(-8.22 to -6.84)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	6779.75 (5197.98-8352.04)	10016.86 (7784.01-14362)	15.42 (11.76-19.62)	9.92 (7.72-14.18)	-1.3 (-1.37 to -1.23)	7935.99 (5966.96-11435.7)	8881.95 (6474.82-12072.34)	17.08 (12.48-26.33)	9.01 (6.62-12.18)	-1.96 (-2.02 to -1.89)
<5	556.84 (256.21-825.95)	416.51 (236.38-621.5)	3.13 (1.44-4.65)	1.06 (0.6-1.58)	-3.32(-3.47 to -3.16)	803.52 (529.19-1035.29)	462.72 (237.05-679.66)	4.47 (2.95-5.76)	1.14 (0.58-1.68)	-4.13(-4.26 to -4)
5-14	154.27 (94.2-209.7)	246.21 (187.71-347.13)	0.58 (0.36-0.79)	0.37 (0.28-0.52)	-1.32(-1.4 to -1.25)	172.26 (127.49-224.59)	205.73 (158.21-266.09)	0.67 (0.5-0.88)	0.3 (0.23-0.39)	-2.23(-2.35 to -2.11)
15-49	1339.37 (1005.41-1706.09)	2407.41 (1722.77-3657.14)	3.07 (2.31-3.91)	2.01 (1.44-3.05)	-1.23(-1.32 to -1.13)	1653.13 (1225.25-2372.33)	2452.38 (1803.83-3322.68)	3.94 (2.92-5.65)	2.24 (1.65-3.04)	-1.65(-1.76 to -1.55)
50-69	2148.82 (1568.35-2793.51)	3366.62 (2466.24-4755.16)	30 (21.89-39)	16.88 (12.36-23.84)	-1.8(-1.87 to -1.72)	3151.99 (2192.4-4735.91)	3231.68 (2224.06-4635.43)	37.12 (25.82-55.78)	18.31 (12.6-26.26)	-2.25(-2.32 to -2.18)
70+	2580.45 (1847.88-3540.57)	3580.11 (2618.56-5266.65)	119.52 (85.59-164)	83.52 (61.09-122.87)	-0.97(-1.02 to -0.92)	2155.09 (1488.54-3533.35)	2529.44 (1852.31-3448.54)	115.87 (80.03-189.97)	65.47 (47.95-89.26)	-1.66(-1.76 to -1.57)

ASMR age-standardized mortality rate, CI confidential interval, EAPC estimated annual percentage change, UI uncertainty interval

Fig. 1.

The global age-specific rates of asthma-related burden by sex in 2021. (a) age-specific rates of deaths; (b) age-specific rates of incidence; (c) age-specific rates of DALYs; (d) age-specific rates of prevalence. DALYs: disability-adjusted life years

In addition, we estimated the incidence of different age groups on both sex in 2021. The total number of asthma incident episodes in 2021 was estimated at 19,331,938 (95%UI: 15,655,918.25-24.25,499,978.5) for males and 18,532,237 (95%UI:15,639,020.2–22,466,964.05) for females, with a statistically significant higher incidence observed in males compared to females(Table 2). Globally, the ASIR of asthma is highest among children under 5 years of age, with a rate per 100,000 individuals of 1934.3 (95%UI: 1289.6–2913.76.6.76) in males and 1613.35 (95%UI: 1087.19–2416.54.19.54) in females(Table 2; Fig. 1b). Conversely, the lowest incidence rates are observed in the 15–49 age group, with 183.48 episodes per 100,000 population (95% UI: 104.48–287.12.48.12) in males and 254.97 episodes per 100,000 population (95% UI: 147.76–390.59.76.59) in females(Table 2; Fig. 1b). In 2021, both for the absolute number of cases and for age-standardized incidence, the incidence is more severe in males before the age of 15 and in females after the age of 15(Figs. 1b and 2b). At the national level, Haiti had highest incidence rates per 100,000 population with 1609.19 (1319.9–1976.63.9.63) for males and 1616.2 (1357.08–1909.63.08.63) for females(Table S2).

Table 2.

Incidence of asthma in 1990 and 2021 by sex,age and region, with temporal trend

	Female					Male
	Number of incidence in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of incidence in 2021 (95% UI)	ASIR(per 100000 population) in 1990(95% UI)	ASIR(per 100000 population)in 2021 (95% UI)	EAPC,1990-2021 (95% CI)	Number of incidence in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of incidence in 2021 (95% UI)	ASIR(per 100000 population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASIR(per 100000 population) in 2021 (95% UI)	EAPC,1990-2021 (95% CI)
Global	19773050.01 (16521484.48-24189961.07)	18532237.24 (15639020.2-22466964.05)	715.98 (605.29-868.77)	508.13 (425.38-622.15)	-1.03(-1.18 to -0.88)	21782578.04 (17679387.72-27567129.62)	19331938.2 (15655918.25-24499978.5)	757.24 (625.04-941.76)	523.73 (422.59-666.51)	-1.05(-1.2 to -0.9)
<5	6839852.98 (4734650.8-10022620.73)	5133562.79 (3459343.15-7689254.76)	2276.91 (1576.11-3336.42)	1613.35 (1087.19-2416.54)	-0.96(-1.15 to -0.76)	8974745.28 (6104161.69-13288914.58)	6576228.8 (4384361.37-9906176.6)	2808.67 (1910.31-4158.8)	1934.3 (1289.6-2913.76)	-0.97(-1.18 to -0.76)
5-14	5509199.2 (2949041.01-9322028.94)	5165668.07 (2760495.76-8716967.96)	1010.38 (540.85-1709.65)	788.05 (421.13-1329.81)	-0.52(-0.74 to -0.31)	6872611.72 (3698281.95-11578594.31)	6376928.85 (3375399.5-10677590.83)	1197.41 (644.35-2017.34)	913.36 (483.45-1529.33)	-0.59(-0.81 to -0.38)
15-49	4866223.25 (2707134.24-7689075.09)	4969002.29 (2879567.18-7611971.82)	363.87 (202.42-574.94)	254.97 (147.76-390.59)	-1.26(-1.37 to -1.16)	3540202.33 (1907054.81-5700067.71)	3669174.95 (2089264.65-5741551.4)	257.82 (138.89-415.12)	183.48 (104.48-287.12)	-1.18(-1.25 to -1.11)
50-69	1953012.2 (1181658.84-2928762.47)	2140699.87 (1337983.18-3152289.67)	565.16 (341.94-847.52)	292.26 (182.67-430.37)	-2.22(-2.41 to -2.04)	1899248.32 (1207674.47-2788904.68)	1839240.66 (1185628.65-2641001.75)	564.55 (358.98-828.99)	261.23 (168.4-375.1)	-2.58(-2.78 to -2.38)
70+	604762.38 (323211.81-958951.21)	1123304.22 (705354.68-1602762.86)	506.97 (270.95-803.89)	405.61 (254.69-578.73)	-0.81(-0.89 to -0.72)	495770.39 (280879.13-753852.7)	870364.93 (565194.26-1212744.93)	599.35 (339.56-911.35)	400.31 (259.95-557.78)	-1.47(-1.55 to -1.4)
High SDI	3965851.65 (3424623.34-4687025.28)	3713123.69 (3195349.68-4385180.47)	1004.04 (841.18-1225.1)	882.56 (729.98-1086.56)	-0.03(-0.28 to 0.22)	3688334.67 (3066328.08-4493644.94)	3250549.3 (2663500-4028000.44)	981.48 (792.98-1229.51)	874.78 (688.09-1138.55)	-0.08(-0.27 to 0.1)
<5	841779.03 (509160.68-1324121.74)	719545.9 (457479.6-1117959.63)	2802.88 (1695.36-4408.94)	2743.38 (1744.21-4262.4)	0.49(0.18 to 0.8)	1169598.62 (732694.34-1798032.29)	1270813.37 (852064.27-1914429.63)	3691.99 (2312.84-5675.72)	3762.83 (2456.59-5758.21)	0.39(0.2 to 0.59)
5-14	835007.68 (423777.69-1451013.3)	786249.45 (412299-1342016.25)	1381.07 (700.91-2399.93)	1361.47 (713.94-2323.84)	0.43(0.21 to 0.66)	933051.68 (476269.53-1569521.9)	946183.23 (493144.14-1600627.1)	1466.26 (748.44-2466.45)	1552.64 (809.22-2626.55)	0.49(0.35 to 0.62)
15-49	1382827.64 (741974.88-2229742.94)	1197554.66 (655518.98-1899569.56)	609.96 (327.28-983.54)	492.5 (269.59-781.21)	-0.51(-0.7 to -0.32)	843550.87 (431001.01-1427134.45)	693743.66 (362450.88-1144024.85)	360.27 (184.07-609.5)	267.78 (139.9-441.58)	-0.72(-0.87 to -0.57)
50-69	687143.87 (407866.83-1039977.43)	614080.15 (361234.51-937377.14)	801.88 (475.97-1213.62)	439.48 (258.53-670.86)	-1.71(-2.15 to -1.26)	574828.88 (353888.16-863957.07)	352618 (208697.3-538079.95)	735.79 (452.98-1105.88)	259.15 (153.38-395.44)	-3.18(-3.77 to -2.58)
70+	219093.43 (105899.92-367292.84)	395693.53 (243966.65-585883.55)	506.65 (244.89-849.36)	485.56 (299.38-718.95)	-0.08(-0.3 to 0.15)	167304.61 (93211.57-257138.42)	218794.85 (133105.35-319130.97)	648.13 (361.1-996.14)	352.96 (214.72-514.82)	-2.05(-2.26 to -1.85)
High-middle SDI	3025867.15 (2546950.59-3656638.45)	2106843.36 (1775141.21-2579251.22)	598.17 (499.65-730.37)	420.71 (337.97-540.36)	-1.24(-1.43 to -1.06)	3152052.94 (2612086.79-3896637.26)	2209310.11 (1802283.73-2821403.48)	624.54 (516.11-779.38)	449.81 (352.68-590.21)	-1.1(-1.27 to -0.93)
<5	815627.27 (512039.75-1256974.2)	463933.79 (275182.06-763245.39)	1828.75 (1148.06-2818.31)	1392.44 (825.93-2290.79)	-0.79(-1.03 to -0.54)	1064705.59 (670991.71-1640809.35)	644984.32 (390754.61-1059966.6)	2204.25 (1389.15-3396.96)	1756.17 (1063.95-2886.08)	-0.53(-0.74 to -0.31)
5-14	644234.28 (320842.27-1137542.3)	511857.86 (249531.7-927477.65)	732.96 (365.03-1294.22)	667.79 (325.55-1210.02)	-0.27(-0.52 to -0.03)	798892.06 (400839.66-1380052.93)	649452.61 (314569.89-1145219.42)	860.63 (431.82-1486.71)	771.36 (373.62-1360.19)	-0.38(-0.62 to -0.14)
15-49	946732.01 (511676.4-1529524.28)	620988.37 (333654.33-1001233.78)	340.85 (184.22-550.68)	203.52 (109.35-328.14)	-2.03(-2.19 to -1.87)	755411.16 (393994.98-1231591.46)	501338.29 (264827.41-813257.14)	263.52 (137.44-429.64)	154.52 (81.62-250.66)	-1.99(-2.1 to -1.87)
50-69	502221.11 (311673.67-746424.42)	325460.74 (206413.32-481041.46)	548.54 (340.42-815.26)	193.96 (123.01-286.68)	-3.77(-3.93 to -3.61)	451001.01 (303649.67-640370.29)	256665.89 (164667.99-369558.12)	546.81 (368.16-776.41)	162.07 (103.98-233.36)	-4.46(-4.71 to -4.22)
70+	117052.48 (62281.88-186237.81)	184602.61 (116098.71-257221.68)	360.45 (191.79-573.5)	269.19 (169.29-375.08)	-1.26(-1.37 to -1.15)	82043.12 (47208.38-125474.89)	156869 (106492.93-210246.96)	432.07 (248.62-660.8)	321.3 (218.12-430.63)	-1.29(-1.4 to -1.18)
Middle SDI	5885840.45 (4850193.22-7296319.63)	4668599.99 (3876445.61-5770068.49)	659.65 (550.43-807.12)	446.33 (365.83-559.36)	-1.26(-1.4 to -1.11)	6846632.48 (5454605.24-8815510.01)	5365395.58 (4367187.38-6848623.72)	726.79 (590.08-917.53)	499.31 (401.74-640.81)	-1.12(-1.26 to -0.98)
<5	2348785.03 (1599019.5-3448030.07)	1286072.48 (832392.6-1975085.63)	2430.75 (1654.82-3568.35)	1520.39 (984.05-2334.94)	-1.34(-1.6 to -1.07)	3111918.55 (2094442.96-4655290.41)	1742328.05 (1118441.68-2675653.9)	2994.89 (2015.68-4480.21)	1893.24 (1215.32-2907.41)	-1.22(-1.48 to -0.95)
5-14	1692335.43 (877402.74-2900587.62)	1361970.42 (700013.86-2374237.6)	922.41 (478.23-1580.97)	727.34 (373.83-1267.93)	-0.59(-0.83 to -0.35)	2129010.03 (1119146.11-3672553.88)	1726447.12 (882777.98-2974325.51)	1101.92 (579.24-1900.81)	850.5 (434.89-1465.25)	-0.64(-0.86 to -0.42)
15-49	1306067.04 (712970.47-2079816.6)	1199612.81 (681731.8-1873746.12)	292.14 (159.48-465.22)	193.97 (110.23-302.97)	-1.56(-1.66 to -1.47)	1050895.91 (572155.66-1683135.38)	1044804.74 (592883.86-1637700.99)	226.71 (123.43-363.11)	164.12 (93.13-257.26)	-1.2(-1.25 to -1.14)
50-69	390748.52 (236294.65-591384.94)	538470.44 (341742.4-777270.67)	419.24 (253.52-634.51)	217.43 (137.99-313.86)	-2.46(-2.57 to -2.35)	422184.29 (262101.61-622357.19)	577518.05 (373672.76-809929.3)	438.89 (272.47-646.98)	242.68 (157.02-340.34)	-2.2(-2.29 to -2.11)
70+	147904.43 (83537.21-223498.05)	282473.83 (178434.43-397102.2)	580.49 (327.86-877.17)	365.01 (230.57-513.13)	-1.74(-1.82 to -1.66)	132623.7 (77821.43-196766.06)	274297.62 (182045.92-372232.16)	656.04 (384.95-973.33)	431.25 (286.21-585.22)	-1.58(-1.65 to -1.51)
Low-middle SDI	4282696.45 (3483183.87-5399834.25)	4035916.2 (3381741.44-4936149.51)	650.2 (549.57-795)	432.34 (364.3-524.48)	-1.2(-1.34 to -1.05)	5218038.07 (4137478.77-6760354.89)	4335822.62 (3510360.75-5452562.05)	730.74 (604.15-904.81)	453.76 (374.67-562.49)	-1.29(-1.47 to -1.11)
<5	1535568.84 (1110813.46-2173420.17)	979636.15 (652823.71-1474435.71)	1820.36 (1316.83-2576.51)	1055.19 (703.17-1588.15)	-1.55(-1.82 to -1.29)	2104481.67 (1497791.92-3016126.77)	1270813.37 (852064.27-1914429.63)	2361.2 (1680.5-3384.05)	1287.05 (862.95-1938.9)	-1.57(-1.91 to -1.23)
5-14	1599742.74 (883530.62-2606479.53)	1278590.91 (701168.23-2135589.59)	1101.46 (608.33-1794.62)	678.34 (372-1133.01)	-1.21(-1.51 to -0.91)	2095483.3 (1166128.65-3380966.09)	1560856.31 (852793.32-2593558.17)	1366.11 (760.23-2204.15)	781.31 (426.88-1298.24)	-1.34(-1.68 to -1)
15-49	788792.36 (457135.12-1226058.04)	1108943.21 (672745.69-1648643.56)	609.96 (327.28-983.54)	492.5 (269.59-781.21)	-0.51(-0.7 to -0.32)	601550.61 (335204.35-957744.91)	855123.98 (508152.59-1315647.16)	216.25 (120.5-344.29)	167.68 (99.64-257.98)	-0.98(-1.04 to -0.92)
50-69	266895.48 (157624.16-408923.01)	468015.85 (297727.21-679313.34)	490.82 (289.87-752.01)	359.97 (229-522.49)	-1.08(-1.16 to -0.99)	330060.52 (202751.62-493604.51)	479826.87 (312899.55-681257.35)	573.02 (352-856.95)	384.14 (250.5-545.4)	-1.22(-1.31 to -1.13)
70+	91697.03 (50851.85-139308.86)	200730.08 (121709.36-287447.67)	690.93 (383.16-1049.68)	531.43 (322.22-761.01)	-0.82(-0.9 to -0.75)	86461.97 (47490.73-132906.67)	169202.1 (103796.54-243375.13)	667.52 (366.65-1026.09)	523.47 (321.12-752.94)	-0.93(-1 to -0.86)
Low SDI	2588562.83 (2149465.1-3209267.11)	3986158.53 (3283202.67-4920358.27)	793.1 (677.53-952.98)	608.44 (518.39-729.14)	-0.84(-0.9 to -0.78)	2853243.59 (2279996.07-3581655.74)	4149482.98 (3327416.1-5209293.73)	814.43 (680.52-995.04)	596.34 (497.92-722.13)	-0.95(-1.03 to -0.87)
<5	1290283.81 (958407.41-1773255.12)	1677729.8 (1233808.14-2359764.23)	2897.21 (2152.01-3981.67)	2072.04 (1523.78-2914.37)	-1.12(-1.22 to -1.02)	1513955.34 (1093653.9-2132660.29)	1869994.14 (1351266.27-2667677.93)	3272.7 (2364.14-4610.15)	2210.26 (1597.14-3153.09)	-1.23(-1.35 to -1.11)
5-14	732694.96 (386654.46-1224242.68)	1221606.03 (660871.71-1992591.38)	1081.94 (570.96-1807.79)	843.2 (456.16-1375.36)	-0.58(-0.69 to -0.46)	910423.37 (495600.75-1487730.99)	1487980.61 (840310.69-2384456.45)	1293.26 (704-2113.33)	993.5 (561.06-1592.05)	-0.61(-0.75 to -0.48)
15-49	434297.59 (254556.19-658402.44)	835763.5 (516903.54-1211528.64)	388.86 (227.92-589.52)	304.68 (188.44-441.66)	-0.87(-0.91 to -0.82)	283903.12 (162092.82-444345.27)	570212.87 (340916.88-853396.77)	259.61 (148.22-406.33)	212.71 (127.18-318.35)	-0.76(-0.81 to -0.71)
50-69	102840.08 (61217.25-157500.47)	192183.81 (124752-276635.25)	505.44 (300.87-774.09)	411.8 (267.31-592.76)	-0.76(-0.82 to -0.71)	118141.95 (73620.51-175109.33)	170781.96 (113961.14-238675.68)	545.28 (339.79-808.21)	369.86 (246.8-516.9)	-1.25(-1.3 to -1.2)
70+	28446.39 (15553.21-43523.47)	58875.38 (36028.98-83858.14)	607.82 (332.33-929.98)	514.38 (314.78-732.65)	-0.52(-0.59 to -0.45)	26819.81 (14669.37-41254.47)	50513.41 (31157.48-71444.54)	576.52 (315.33-886.8)	481.63 (297.08-681.21)	-0.72(-0.79 to -0.64)
North Africa and Middle East	1393751.52 (1171122.44-1685162.83)	1599069.32 (1354204.57-1924760.47)	738.83 (639.37-863.43)	546.76 (469.01-653.79)	-1.06(-1.08 to -1.04)	1527643.06 (1240715.42-1894551.34)	1684799.43 (1388220.31-2070431.27)	735.06 (618.06-888.46)	535.97 (444.09-654.05)	-1.08(-1.1 to -1.05)
<5	582977.3 (427721.16-811799.33)	431949.6 (298020.83-634353.01)	2332.69 (1711.46-3248.29)	1455.64 (1004.31-2137.72)	-1.59(-1.64 to -1.54)	729818.66 (532916.11-1010172.26)	547499.12 (378092.71-803815.7)	2781.53 (2031.08-3850.03)	1740.14 (1201.71-2554.81)	-1.47(-1.54 to -1.41)
5-14	342968.02 (173899.37-586934.11)	414983.11 (215945.78-719863.35)	788.58 (399.85-1349.53)	701.44 (365.01-1216.78)		425502.49 (218882.87-737340.9)	529071.01 (272410.67-907505.86)	929.77 (478.28-1611.18)	839.48 (432.24-1439.95)	-0.36(-0.4 to -0.32)
15-49	349047.3 (203634.13-543340.76)	504803.2 (299809.06-753521.13)	446.78 (260.65-695.48)	316.8 (188.15-472.88)	-1.28(-1.37 to -1.19)	257543.61 (144078.11-407709.54)	406585.06 (236940.96-623749.19)	313.51 (175.39-496.31)	232.35 (135.41-356.46)	-1.06(-1.13 to -1)
50-69	93160.27 (54561.72-143902.05)	172871.69 (112022.97-247904.23)	612.62 (358.8-946.3)	421.08 (272.87-603.85)	-1.47(-1.56 to -1.39)	91726.98 (55987.86-135356.57)	149378.04 (100801.06-205042.39)	573.1 (349.8-845.69)	339.81 (229.31-466.44)	-2.01(-2.11 to -1.91)
70+	25598.63 (13365.18-39440.63)	74461.73 (47233.57-101878.79)	702.96 (367.02-1083.07)	716.33 (454.39-980.08)	0.15(0.09 to 0.22)	23051.32 (12418.64-34716.19)	52266.19 (33993.29-71428.87)	643.88 (346.88-969.7)	525.86 (342.01-718.66)	-0.82(-0.88 to -0.77)
South Asia	3369905.66 (2572616.64-4455670.62)	2955932.22 (2472882.17-3639472.04)	582.87 (473.6-737.05)	349.59 (293.19-431.51)	-1.28(-1.43 to -1.12)	4402612.46 (3281662.39-5944623.67)	3204919.46 (2600590.5-4056508.86)	675.34 (535.02-867.91)	366.39 (300.64-460.43)	-1.34(-1.55 to -1.14)
<5	778382.29 (542487.22-1157621.14)	434148.32 (269078.02-700670.78)	1027.9 (716.39-1528.71)	571.76 (354.37-922.76)	-0.95(-1.65 to -0.24)	1156023.95 (780025.03-1758870.51)	606568.84 (383586.97-963616.99)	1421.92 (959.44-2163.42)	733.8 (464.05-1165.74)	-0.69(-1.63 to 0.25)
5-14	1671906.5 (901124.41-2725679.85)	964692.46 (524493.68-1614156.94)	1261.19 (679.75-2056.09)	577.77 (314.13-966.74)		2331831.68 (1260570.13-3768915.22)	1194814.89 (636012.97-2037551.86)	1621.92 (876.8-2621.49)	658.45 (350.5-1122.87)	-2.11(-2.73 to -1.48)
15-49	569621.15 (317939.33-916810.95)	855224.04 (515661.27-1292213.27)	223.48 (124.73-359.69)	173.07 (104.36-261.51)	-0.89(-1 to -0.79)	476998.39 (255721.96-787694.01)	689638.08 (397973.46-1084031.05)	174 (93.28-287.33)	134.54 (77.64-211.49)	-1.04(-1.14 to -0.94)
50-69	253318.32 (145462.5-394465.09)	467507.09 (286045.44-684386.94)	502.22 (288.39-782.05)	359.29 (219.83-525.97)	-1.06(-1.16 to -0.97)	347644.87 (207843.77-530941.87)	518066.63 (328755.25-744980.28)	608.95 (364.07-930.02)	400.04 (253.86-575.25)	-1.17(-1.32 to -1.03)
70+	96677.41 (53487.49-146505.65)	234360.31 (143583.65-339683.27)	842.11 (465.9-1276.14)	609.7 (373.54-883.71)	-0.98(-1.08 to -0.88)	90113.58 (47313.57-141180.37)	195831.02 (116252.33-288265.85)	750.49 (394.04-1175.78)	563.12 (334.29-828.92)	-1.12(-1.21 to -1.02)
Andean Latin America	300930.9 (237867.6-384154.78)	238290.53 (183904.24-305483.21)	1216.91 (971.07-1545.16)	771.52 (593.29-991.87)	-1.52(-1.68 to -1.36)	313485.52 (244349.31-419929.36)	248566.65 (186086.92-329138.26)	1216.62 (955.45-1615.44)	773.08 (577.84-1024.29)	-1.5(-1.65 to -1.36)
<5	199349.05 (150727.89-275593.63)	108553.27 (74957.59-155915.18)	7681.63 (5808.08-10619.61)	3622.17 (2501.16-5202.53)	-2.55(-2.77 to -2.34)	218487.53 (163252.27-314855.02)	126291.45 (86139.05-187965.34)	8133.24 (6077.09-11720.53)	3997.96 (2726.87-5950.35)	-2.4(-2.63 to -2.16)
5-14	72141.06 (34869.49-126392.51)	83474.8 (39331.93-146933.44)	1524.56 (736.9-2671.06)	1445.41 (681.05-2544.22)	-0.15(-0.31 to 0.01)	78128.32 (38006.61-133500.91)	93626.61 (46686.69-159188.4)	1614.68 (785.48-2759.07)	1518.97 (757.43-2582.63)	-0.21(-0.28 to -0.13)
15-49	24453.3 (11512.2-42894.8)	36354.61 (18328.86-62118.22)	257.83 (121.38-452.27)	208.31 (105.02-355.93)	-0.62(-0.65 to -0.59)	13134.82 (5821.84-24681.64)	21728.18 (10311.61-38970.19)	143.53 (63.62-269.71)	123.98 (58.84-222.36)	-0.5(-0.55 to -0.45)
50-69	3399.05 (1928.6-5276.76)	6065.8 (3686.48-9195.09)	192.88 (109.44-299.43)	120.69 (73.35-182.95)	-1.68(-1.75 to -1.61)	2809.61 (1751.46-4187)	4637.44 (2877.71-6930.99)	163.05 (101.64-242.99)	97.55 (60.53-145.79)	-1.83(-1.89 to -1.78)
70+	1588.43 (928.23-2321.75)	3842.05 (2680.77-5174.71)	294.64 (172.18-430.66)	218.62 (152.54-294.45)	-1.15(-1.21 to -1.08)	925.23 (502.76-1413.05)	2282.96 (1442.9-3101.33)	192.22 (104.45-293.56)	149.91 (94.75-203.65)	-0.88(-0.95 to -0.8)
Australasia	58480.12 (50411.54-68035.36)	60369.54 (50603.53-73611.82)	658.6 (559.48-782.32)	508.04 (411.13-646.39)	-1.37(-1.64 to -1.1)	74500.69 (58539.69-93346.56)	72104.5 (55175.65-93707.58)	869.05 (671.62-1104.12)	662.99 (494.07-886.54)	-1.28(-1.48 to -1.08)
<5	18405.34 (13028.92-25775.07)	18323.95 (11538.48-28466.01)	2449.46 (1733.94-3430.25)	2076.83 (1307.77-3226.33)	-1.05(-1.35 to -0.75)	36932.57 (26320.85-53916.37)	33124.5 (20762.42-51589.85)	4669.86 (3328.09-6817.34)	3547.47 (2223.55-5525.02)	-1.53(-1.86 to -1.2)
5-14	13219.55 (6512.01-23294.68)	14226.45 (7104.24-25340.44)	891.75 (439.28-1571.38)	747.94 (373.5-1332.24)	-1.35(-1.89 to -0.8)	17565.6 (8013.85-30864.67)	20435.57 (9552.03-34813.97)	1125.1 (513.3-1976.92)	1015.18 (474.52-1729.46)	-0.41(-0.63 to -0.18)
15-49	20134.33 (10460.71-33835.8)	16111.5 (8069.36-27987.62)	375.12 (194.89-630.39)	223.18 (111.78-387.69)	-2.11(-2.39 to -1.83)	13763.57 (6248.07-24511.43)	11239.68 (5285.58-19783.88)	253.77 (115.2-451.94)	155.65 (73.2-273.97)	-1.68(-1.88 to -1.47)
50-69	4978.38 (2383.6-8787.23)	5266.53 (2565.06-8978.54)	287.43 (137.62-507.34)	143.56 (69.92-244.75)	-2.04(-2.32 to -1.76)	4653.2 (2164.07-8197.77)	3307.09 (1733.38-5708.94)	272.14 (126.56-479.44)	95.08 (49.84-164.13)	-3.2(-3.5 to -2.89)
70+	1742.52 (746.67-3185.94)	6441.11 (3979.79-9518.33)	199.74 (85.59-365.19)	327.96 (202.64-484.64)	2.01(1.76 to 2.26)	1585.76 (622.59-2925.96)	3997.66 (2514.14-5691.78)	271.09 (106.43-500.2)	238.04 (149.71-338.92)	-0.29(-0.53 to -0.05)
Caribbean	261273.79 (220658.62-316482.46)	251975.77 (215168.57-299308.96)	1319.75 (1119.18-1588.28)	1204.16 (1020.1-1441.82)	-0.23(-0.29 to -0.16)	255550.79 (205960.9-319966.21)	244258.8 (202417.97-298611.48)	1277.6 (1033.46-1593.92)	1180.68 (970.08-1450.55)	-0.27(-0.31 to -0.22)
<5	111849.37 (87732.22-145820.95)	88575.64 (68723-116393.84)	5499.47 (4313.66-7169.8)	4673.49 (3626.01-6141.25)	-0.44(-0.53 to -0.35)	151135.88 (116347.14-202702.48)	130376.63 (104096.14-169361.81)	7205.19 (5546.69-9663.56)	6608.37 (5276.3-8584.4)	-0.21(-0.29 to -0.14)
5-14	69186.34 (34690.69-121695.75)	76497.82 (40511.02-125650.27)	1906.97 (956.17-3354.27)	2037.11 (1078.79-3346.02)	0.32(0.23 to 0.41)	64148.06 (30622.98-109379.58)	66315.53 (32925.04-109782.63)	1756.07 (838.31-2994.3)	1708.41 (848.21-2828.2)	-0.14(-0.22 to -0.07)
15-49	70818.47 (40490.73-111130.98)	69586.27 (39783.81-106077.93)	759.74 (434.38-1192.2)	578.5 (330.74-881.87)	-0.7(-0.77 to -0.64)	31714.34 (16467.68-52320.52)	33326.2 (17965.44-53119.82)	354.55 (184.1-584.92)	279.67 (150.77-445.78)	-0.84(-0.89 to -0.79)
50-69	7223.63 (4315.56-10874.47)	13070.53 (8230.64-18722.35)	343.03 (204.93-516.4)	287.26 (180.89-411.48)	-0.73(-0.82 to -0.63)	6847.3 (4390.34-9684.86)	11319.28 (7680.87-15258.54)	337.03 (216.09-476.69)	265.75 (180.33-358.24)	-0.91(-0.96 to -0.86)
70+	2195.98 (1221.76-3305.76)	4245.51 (2720.03-5837.17)	280.97 (156.32-422.96)	241.02 (154.42-331.38)	-0.65(-0.71 to -0.59)	1705.21 (961.35-2601.43)	2921.16 (1805.95-4021.17)	245.5 (138.41-374.53)	203.14 (125.59-279.64)	-0.68(-0.75 to -0.61)
Central Asia	184270.32 (153059.2-228791.7)	203750.63 (169140.9-251302.13)	492.33 (415.71-600.67)	425.12 (351.61-525.36)	-0.59(-0.63 to -0.54)	171783.2 (140236.96-217859.91)	188627.57 (154311.01-239888.6)	460.51 (387.77-566.8)	392.36 (324.14-492.2)	-0.66(-0.71 to -0.61)
<5	51782.02 (30141.99-83846.62)	51254.24 (30174.95-83164.6)	1106.64 (644.17-1791.89)	1064.74 (626.84-1727.63)	-0.14(-0.19 to -0.08)	60208.7 (36158.54-95404.31)	60661.27 (35891.44-97236.6)	1242.62 (746.26-1969)	1170.34 (692.45-1875.99)	-0.15(-0.2 to -0.1)
5-14	47696.07 (23556.66-84211.31)	50798.4 (24864.3-89118.67)	625.09 (308.73-1103.65)	595.59 (291.52-1044.88)	-0.13(-0.19 to -0.08)	46720.13 (23180.57-82498.48)	53359.97 (25757.07-94920)	596.19 (295.81-1052.76)	583.19 (281.51-1037.41)	-0.09(-0.14 to -0.05)
15-49	54411.74 (29709.04-86339.31)	60343.51 (33910.06-94859.9)	324.32 (177.08-514.63)	248.68 (139.75-390.93)	-1.05(-1.17 to -0.93)	43389.49 (23015.73-69238.91)	46627.06 (26283.08-72630.31)	261.86 (138.9-417.87)	190.37 (107.31-296.53)	-1.33(-1.47 to -1.18)
50-69	25390.94 (16298.13-36009.47)	34850.01 (23056.88-48567.12)	533.66 (342.55-756.84)	407.16 (269.38-567.42)	-1.3(-1.46 to -1.14)	18661.64 (11981.88-26631.12)	23898.72 (17648.72-30716.09)	470.91 (302.35-672.01)	322.26 (237.99-414.19)	-1.8(-2.03 to -1.57)
70+	4989.55 (2694.16-7572.82)	6504.47 (3956.85-9570.3)	324.7 (175.32-492.81)	307.98 (187.35-453.14)	-0.39(-0.48 to -0.3)	2803.24 (1599.52-4113.11)	4080.56 (2746.54-5423.43)	391.19 (223.21-573.97)	317.03 (213.38-421.36)	-0.91(-1.02 to -0.8)
Central Europe	549642.67 (471172.49-633300.63)	388041.91 (331193.64-458126.94)	891.27 (755.41-1054.49)	870.84 (714.01-1082.35)	-0.1(-0.26 to 0.06)	525970.23 (446637.52-627948.59)	360539.2 (298563.59-448160.08)	897.72 (757.2-1089.27)	923.9 (727.42-1198.96)	0.1(-0.14 to 0.34)
<5	87224.63 (53221.43-135688.82)	83945.04 (51975.28-130259.3)	1943.94 (1186.13-3024.05)	3091.83 (1914.33-4797.66)	1.63(1.33 to 1.94)	113438.39 (70545.6-176120.87)	118411.31 (73601.05-184163.96)	2442.41 (1518.9-3792.01)	4124.95 (2563.95-6415.49)	1.75(1.49 to 2.02)
5-14	83370.32 (39779.64-153384.43)	65621.79 (32456.34-117576.44)	837.31 (399.52-1540.47)	1117.73 (552.83-2002.67)	0.95(0.88 to 1.01)	97253.8 (46272.75-177027.33)	88093.13 (43517.25-154539.91)	935.57 (445.14-1702.99)	1410.72 (696.88-2474.79)	1.43(1.22 to 1.63)
15-49	212285.13 (112210.42-344787.81)	119544.47 (64756.13-193737.1)	691.21 (365.36-1122.65)	464.19 (251.45-752.28)	-1.52(-1.6 to -1.44)	154417.05 (79132.53-255189.71)	79087.24 (40901.5-130870.1)	492.02 (252.14-813.11)	293.61 (151.84-485.85)	-1.7(-1.74 to -1.65)
50-69	144983.32 (89271.44-214212.16)	87362.7 (55402.01-126125.8)	1055.14 (649.69-1558.97)	558.89 (354.43-806.88)	-2.11(-2.34 to -1.88)	139823.24 (89637.86-202296.74)	51393.94 (33344.35-73627.78)	1177.75 (755.03-1703.97)	356.98 (231.61-511.42)	-4.24(-4.64 to -3.84)
70+	21779.27 (10534.26-34896.25)	31567.91 (18699.15-45799.51)	441.29 (213.45-707.07)	345.78 (204.82-501.67)	-1.43(-1.62 to -1.25)	21037.76 (11447.01-30630.04)	23553.59 (15189.98-31705.93)	709.83 (386.23-1033.48)	412.14 (265.79-554.78)	-2.46(-2.66 to -2.25)
Central Latin America	889254.68 (725332.58-1097739.81)	629197.75 (512009.24-792140.58)	882.78 (733.39-1071.91)	547.43 (439.2-691.57)	-1.53(-1.75 to -1.31)	993554.45 (779424.95-1290864.87)	657739.06 (510929.46-850291.26)	948.29 (754.95-1214.75)	585.59 (453.09-765.06)	-1.53(-1.75 to -1.3)
<5	446032.97 (331875.29-607640.66)	186155.74 (126888.55-277156.64)	3933.47 (2926.74-5358.65)	1886.01 (1285.55-2807.97)	-2.39(-2.71 to -2.07)	605801.71 (428602.28-866008.56)	263350.12 (172532.59-402352.95)	5187.33 (3670.02-7415.42)	2576.79 (1688.18-3936.89)	-2.24(-2.54 to -1.94)
5-14	225179.17 (109004.86-406580.83)	219642.81 (109345.66-391488.88)	1099.61 (532.3-1985.44)	1030.04 (512.79-1835.94)	-0.06(-0.33 to 0.22)	97253.8 (46272.75-177027.33)	88093.13 (43517.25-154539.91)	1187.41 (581.81-2120.31)	1111.62 (550.24-1979.66)	-0.07(-0.29 to 0.15)
15-49	179843.42 (95617.59-291294.16)	179147.34 (98023.11-285241.77)	429.08 (228.13-694.99)	262.7 (143.74-418.28)	-1.56(-1.6 to -1.51)	104398.8 (52262.16-176496.67)	114233.08 (58329.52-191084.51)	262.87 (131.59-444.41)	175.93 (89.83-294.28)	-1.29(-1.34 to -1.24)
50-69	27327.08 (16057.89-41663.6)	30400.15 (19031.01-44421.22)	371.26 (218.16-566.03)	133.85 (83.79-195.58)	-3.72(-3.88 to -3.55)	26382.09 (15995.09-39148.16)	24380.78 (15745.12-34955.54)	376.99 (228.56-559.41)	121.81 (78.66-174.64)	-4(-4.16 to -3.85)
70+	10872.05 (6061.31-16534.87)	13851.7 (8864.95-19219.43)	509.2 (283.88-774.42)	183.11 (117.19-254.07)	-3.59(-3.78 to -3.41)	8979.93 (4730.94-14079.22)	10430.34 (6718.31-14320.11)	471.48 (248.39-739.22)	171.09 (110.2-234.89)	-3.61(-3.78 to -3.45)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	245118.52 (198653.96-304295.12)	408098.37 (332128.37-495596.33)	663.45 (559.59-802.88)	500.99 (422.44-588.75)	-0.98(-1.09 to -0.87)	258231.19 (205450.19-329555.98)	406465.26 (325999.55-515832.94)	663.17 (550.16-817.66)	469.86 (390.46-575.55)	-1.2(-1.28 to -1.12)
<5	130701.71 (94608.09-184159.54)	157580.25 (114315.89-217794.17)	2548.42 (1844.67-3590.74)	1519.65 (1102.42-2100.33)	-1.87(-2.11 to -1.62)	143933.4 (102677.04-203025.12)	155857.21 (112547.45-215987.72)	2738.63 (1953.64-3862.98)	1457.02 (1052.14-2019.15)	-2.21(-2.4 to -2.02)
5-14	61859.07 (33882.92-102798.31)	142041.64 (78852.96-229438.68)	832.8 (456.16-1383.95)	762.28 (423.17-1231.31)	-0.15(-0.25 to -0.05)	73767.32 (38079.06-122142.43)	165117.24 (90146.82-271776.63)	985.36 (508.65-1631.54)	869.89 (474.92-1431.8)	-0.35(-0.42 to -0.27)
15-49	40595.86 (22318.78-61550.05)	83272.96 (50173.23-120629.96)	328.41 (180.55-497.92)	255.03 (153.66-369.43)	-0.91(-1.01 to -0.82)	31437.7 (17276.87-48227.66)	68907.92 (40095.52-103058.77)	260.79 (143.32-400.06)	211.71 (123.19-316.63)	-0.76(-0.79 to -0.72)
50-69	9701.25 (5556.99-14728.4)	19748.8 (12320.96-29015.32)	407.41 (233.37-618.53)	342.14 (213.45-502.68)	-0.68(-0.78 to -0.58)	7521.07 (4498.37-11135.36)	13965.4 (9056.52-20215.28)	365.84 (218.81-541.65)	259.2 (168.09-375.2)	-1.25(-1.31 to -1.2)
70+	2260.63 (1164.9-3519.46)	5454.71 (3164-8135.78)	534.78 (275.57-832.57)	477.42 (276.93-712.08)	-0.29(-0.41 to -0.18)	1571.71 (854.09-2430.63)	2617.48 (1639.69-3734.47)	405.21 (220.19-626.65)	352.36 (220.73-502.73)	-0.58(-0.66 to -0.5)
East Asia	2740794.64 (2209836.61-3458451.73)	1785075.06 (1467638.63-2266176.08)	492.33 (399.92-625.35)	329.25 (257.33-439.65)	-1.35(-1.75 to -0.94)	3384871.43 (2692188.86-4375730.91)	2401025.12 (1937126.1-3144817.93)	570.81 (457.18-735.1)	412.65 (320.22-557.49)	-0.99(-1.34 to -0.64)
<5	1038849.56 (613960.57-1631712.01)	487465.94 (280869.7-821217.37)	1907.73 (1127.47-2996.46)	1310.12 (754.87-2207.11)	-0.72(-1.45 to 0.01)	1481766.23 (881493.04-2302540.25)	742647.99 (434005.52-1229320.17)	2417.47 (1438.14-3756.55)	1732.49 (1012.47-2867.83)	-0.61(-1.2 to -0.01)
5-14	575068.02 (272375.05-1061892.78)	448765.02 (213134.49-806853.84)	557.08 (263.85-1028.67)	512.25 (243.28-920.99)	-0.62(-1.12 to -0.12)	819983.08 (396594.89-1483476.98)	674089.43 (323946.65-1196801.66)	739.69 (357.76-1338.21)	676.31 (325.02-1200.75)	-0.53(-0.99 to -0.06)
15-49	721701.96 (379811.38-1197628.5)	410278.1 (212788.12-681322.13)	216.48 (113.93-359.23)	123.99 (64.3-205.9)	-2.31(-2.6 to -2.02)	664186.6 (338174.72-1101867.37)	447423.06 (231838.28-739325.44)	186.85 (95.13-309.97)	125.12 (64.83-206.75)	-1.57(-1.77 to -1.37)
50-69	276975.6 (161993.02-425787.91)	243462.6 (142780.37-371141.72)	358.47 (209.66-551.07)	123.72 (72.56-188.6)	-3.86(-4.03 to -3.7)	300780.19 (177863.24-454660.83)	296130.1 (178571.35-440635.59)	364.26 (215.4-550.62)	150.66 (90.85-224.18)	-3.36(-3.56 to -3.17)
70+	128199.5 (70123.38-194075.19)	195103.4 (123022.73-274100.65)	581.47 (318.06-880.26)	289.67 (182.65-406.95)	-2.68(-2.81 to -2.55)	118155.32 (70056.02-172257.94)	240734.54 (162104.95-321625.74)	700.54 (415.36-1021.32)	428.16 (288.32-572.04)	-1.83(-1.9 to -1.75)
Eastern Europe	825153.98 (701399-993818.65)	358642.44 (292398.88-445462.61)	737.72 (611.19-910.09)	461.57 (362.91-594.29)	-1.68(-1.75 to -1.61)	744881.96 (612952.82-920868.66)	323018.89 (254228.82-415058.96)	733.48 (600.67-917.14)	456.57 (354-606.1)	-1.82(-1.92 to -1.73)
<5	130200.2 (74849.95-218905.68)	66842.99 (38915.32-111250.54)	1543.33 (887.23-2594.8)	1358.99 (791.19-2261.85)	-0.46(-0.55 to -0.37)	163828.22 (94743.61-275410.05)	82647.71 (48229.36-137351.82)	1860.46 (1075.92-3127.6)	1589.27 (927.43-2641.21)	-0.6(-0.67 to -0.54)
5-14	176175.1 (86819.36-319623.36)	108528.82 (53968.91-191444.1)	1046.51 (515.72-1898.62)	880.56 (437.88-1553.31)	-0.64(-0.7 to -0.59)	188333.96 (90420.95-336119.71)	115552.16 (56003.67-205184.82)	1083.29 (520.1-1933.35)	888.85 (430.79-1578.32)	-0.85(-0.95 to -0.75)
15-49	289281.54 (153476.62-461502.21)	109486.73 (58094.5-176972.92)	523.17 (277.56-834.63)	226.95 (120.42-366.84)	-2.86(-2.96 to -2.77)	243210.43 (125038.74-396659.4)	86582.89 (44848-141739.61)	442.26 (227.37-721.29)	180.44 (93.47-295.39)	-3.14(-3.28 to -3)
50-69	201515.76 (122247.93-301638.94)	59082.29 (37087.64-86290.09)	699.44 (424.31-1046.95)	194.28 (121.95-283.74)	-4.76(-4.97 to -4.54)	138469.83 (86930.09-201749.76)	31522.34 (20460.37-44871.59)	666.34 (418.32-970.85)	135.19 (87.75-192.44)	-5.99(-6.27 to -5.71)
70+	27981.38 (12914.99-46955.5)	14701.6 (7498.12-22770.54)	248.72 (114.8-417.37)	100.24 (51.12-155.25)	-3.74(-4.03 to -3.46)	11039.52 (5011.51-18563.41)	6713.79 (3777.42-9853.25)	283.1 (128.52-476.04)	100.29 (56.43-147.19)	-4.47(-4.88 to -4.06)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	1242214.29 (1021383.45-1528778.18)	1825467.84 (1489924.89-2265337)	892.3 (755.11-1078.38)	672.97 (561.36-816.65)	-0.95(-1.01 to -0.9)	1374089.78 (1089883.95-1745555.28)	1937913.39 (1555723.51-2439430.54)	949.03 (779.67-1181.58)	701.07 (578.9-862.14)	-1.04(-1.1 to -0.97)
<5	731602.87 (551593.58-995777.18)	888722.03 (659810.07-1227287.67)	4119.43 (3105.85-5606.91)	2836.63 (2105.99-3917.27)	-1.3(-1.36 to -1.24)	839268.71 (605092.79-1175194.77)	905758.7 (659107.12-1308811.09)	4579.51 (3301.71-6412.5)	2789.85 (2030.13-4031.31)	-1.7(-1.76 to -1.63)
5-14	290712.03 (145783.43-500477.7)	541320.6 (285053.58-899191.88)	1083.32 (543.25-1865)	957.27 (504.09-1590.13)	-0.31(-0.42 to -0.2)	366934.47 (191902.25-627705.21)	690418.09 (375736.8-1114974.53)	1327.11 (694.06-2270.26)	1188.6 (646.86-1919.5)	-0.34(-0.43 to -0.25)
15-49	188151.97 (105670.32-291270.25)	335817.54 (195921.31-495735.83)	436.04 (244.89-675.01)	313.55 (182.93-462.87)	-1.14(-1.2 to -1.07)	129867.45 (70608.96-208438.18)	278043.25 (156776.88-424246.98)	322.56 (175.37-517.7)	271.8 (153.26-414.73)	-0.66(-0.76 to -0.56)
50-69	26242.8 (15594.09-40736.64)	48487.51 (30607.45-70361.91)	382.29 (227.17-593.43)	301.9 (190.57-438.1)	-0.87(-0.92 to -0.82)	31312.24 (18877.17-47172.67)	51376.74 (32738.78-75058.43)	456.29 (275.08-687.41)	335.39 (213.72-489.98)	-1.06(-1.12 to -1)
70+	5504.61 (2863.15-8652.92)	11120.17 (6342.95-16218.93)	353.39 (183.81-555.5)	294.95 (168.24-430.2)	-0.64(-0.68 to -0.61)	6706.9 (3399.76-10733.7)	12316.62 (7101.33-18013.82)	430.81 (218.38-689.47)	394.75 (227.6-577.35)	-0.37(-0.41 to -0.32)
High-income Asia Pacific	697101.02 (602768.42-814856.42)	371263.84 (321396.27-448960.49)	890.49 (747.62-1074.58)	528.96 (416.55-679.63)	-1.58(-1.88 to -1.28)	674243.79 (574330.23-803319.66)	286552.06 (242199.75-350339.05)	932.24 (772.1-1147.56)	484.7 (375.15-644.17)	-2.54(-2.86 to -2.23)
<5	133234.8 (80822.09-208266.49)	58766.77 (34127.51-98212.5)	2703.27 (1639.84-4225.63)	1868.09 (1084.85-3122)	-0.89(-1.41 to -0.38)	173206.5 (108640.85-266792.68)	68784.33 (40965.4-111107.24)	3275.92 (2054.76-5045.94)	2080.38 (1239-3360.44)	-1.81(-2.16 to -1.47)
5-14	116634.4 (57770.74-210690.29)	64627.18 (31186.13-117923.7)	960.46 (475.73-1734.99)	830.54 (400.78-1515.46)	-0.11(-0.35 to 0.13)	137406.91 (66670.6-244877.42)	64820.11 (31499.61-116412.48)	1070.15 (519.24-1907.14)	791.26 (384.52-1421.05)	-1.63(-2.08 to -1.17)
15-49	210849.78 (106083.79-356670.25)	90001.83 (45851.16-151923.48)	460.97 (231.93-779.78)	236.61 (120.54-399.39)	-2.46(-2.59 to -2.33)	136041.12 (66016.37-234069.78)	55813.57 (27360.1-94406.6)	288.93 (140.21-497.13)	138.9 (68.09-234.95)	-2.51(-2.72 to -2.3)
50-69	167204.45 (96442.46-257837.99)	43125.85 (23666.1-70541.3)	935.22 (539.43-1442.15)	172.08 (94.43-281.47)	-5.78(-6.22 to -5.34)	153492.39 (89109.77-232257.46)	35331.39 (20986.56-54495.11)	946.2 (549.31-1431.74)	142.46 (84.62-219.73)	-6.83(-7.32 to -6.34)
70+	69177.6 (33026.35-117477.71)	114742.22 (78369.67-160835.96)	997.05 (476.01-1693.2)	568.9 (388.56-797.43)	-2.16(-2.45 to -1.88)	74096.87 (44438.71-108165.16)	61802.65 (41296.23-85710.11)	1716.19 (1029.26-2505.26)	418.44 (279.6-580.3)	-5.19(-5.53 to -4.84)
High-income North America	1826558.25 (1522532.17-2263313.26)	2138529.46 (1827914.81-2519567.13)	1460.55 (1186.55-1865.5)	1404.51 (1168.74-1724.21)	0.6(0.25 to 0.96)	1653924.09 (1317810.72-2145175.47)	1851704.39 (1496502.82-2319359.22)	1384.11 (1074.09-1827.3)	1394.94 (1098.83-1816.79)	0.7(0.44 to 0.95)
<5	485238.81 (291919.17-780748.94)	427848.45 (275426.65-646430.36)	4585.49 (2758.63-7378.05)	4270.91 (2749.39-6452.86)	0.73(0.31 to 1.14)	652038.67 (401416.99-1035879.63)	632970.35 (417586.88-948782.37)	5874.37 (3616.46-9332.48)	6039.31 (3984.29-9052.54)	0.75(0.47 to 1.03)
5-14	439473.39 (215502.18-775329.8)	456300.28 (237170.2-778152.39)	2253.35 (1104.96-3975.41)	2068.85 (1075.32-3528.11)	0.46(0.09 to 0.84)	485738.34 (242563.24-810057.3)	577775.71 (306863.51-948738.97)	2370.3 (1183.65-3952.9)	2505.04 (1330.45-4113.4)	0.78(0.56 to 1)
15-49	572447.23 (296071.92-932194.18)	699756.58 (383405.57-1114482.9)	769.76 (398.12-1253.5)	832.82 (456.32-1326.42)	0.73(0.5 to 0.96)	297074.45 (148591.55-510377.95)	354674.27 (182056.61-593772.4)	397.91 (199.03-683.61)	419.03 (215.09-701.51)	0.68(0.5 to 0.86)
50-69	235417.16 (137598.58-364990.98)	383820.4 (224087.15-591310.56)	939.09 (548.89-1455.96)	803.76 (469.26-1238.27)	0.25(-0.35 to 0.86)	164339.12 (100292.8-247862.75)	196735.91 (112635.65-303944.74)	733.19 (447.45-1105.82)	438.85 (251.25-678)	-0.03(-0.88 to 0.84)
70+	93981.66 (46321.5-156948.72)	170803.76 (91207.61-267862.46)	656.11 (323.38-1095.7)	701.64 (374.67-1100.35)	0.87(0.44 to 1.31)	54733.51 (27059.54-88662.2)	89548.16 (47716.21-140821.36)	615.13 (304.11-996.44)	472.18 (251.6-742.53)	0.21(-0.3 to 0.72)
Oceania	25804.48 (21894.12-30673.65)	36389.8 (31752.64-42043.84)	765.51 (664.63-885.07)	533.29 (472.14-599.58)	-1.3(-1.39 to -1.21)	25334.19 (20917.47-30490.62)	33607.07 (28401.43-40256.84)	663.86 (569.66-773.18)	435.76 (378.85-508.44)	-1.48(-1.59 to -1.36)
<5	10898.29 (8024.46-15207.24)	13250.2 (10011.02-17521.63)	2260.94 (1664.74-3154.87)	1432.7 (1082.46-1894.56)	-1.73(-1.9 to -1.55)	9960.2 (6998.06-13890.71)	11918.31 (8806.2-16637.42)	1907.5 (1340.21-2660.24)	1180.49 (872.24-1647.9)	-1.7(-1.88 to -1.52)
5-14	5688.72 (3017.97-9281.49)	7906.52 (4357.37-12205.11)	712.03 (377.75-1161.73)	528.09 (291.04-815.2)	-1.04(-1.1 to -0.99)	8347.19 (4617.57-12776.92)	11406.41 (7168.15-17283.39)	952.07 (526.68-1457.32)	691.62 (434.64-1047.97)	-1.08(-1.17 to -0.98)
15-49	6606.09 (4278.08-9725.19)	10300.08 (7067.77-14168.38)	425.14 (275.32-625.87)	296.75 (203.63-408.2)	-1.24(-1.31 to -1.18)	4871.76 (2904.66-7189.43)	6712.61 (4455.25-9109.03)	296.83 (176.97-438.04)	186.26 (123.62-252.75)	-1.65(-1.77 to -1.53)
50-69	2054.46 (1244.22-3040.36)	3715.71 (2472.17-5254.59)	755.24 (457.39-1117.67)	524.07 (348.68-741.11)	-1.32(-1.39 to -1.26)	1606.38 (1045.16-2278.55)	2604.89 (1844.38-3531.47)	537.35 (349.62-762.2)	331.01 (234.37-448.75)	-1.71(-1.77 to -1.64)
70+	556.93 (317.77-798.96)	1217.28 (855.28-1609.66)	1087.02 (620.22-1559.41)	898.12 (631.03-1187.62)	-0.62(-0.73 to -0.52)	548.67 (373.92-733.41)	964.86 (709.92-1236.42)	1040.62 (709.18-1391.01)	687.6 (505.92-881.14)	-1.42(-1.45 to -1.39)
Southeast Asia	1563891.4 (1319086.23-1901343.32)	1336135.48 (1150787.27-1579734.36)	629.18 (539.83-749.74)	420.35 (360.46-501.57)	-1.34(-1.42 to -1.27)	1979456.02 (1619702.29-2442151.23)	1744684 (1469720.71-2083909.5)	772.69 (651.27-932.93)	546.57 (457.47-656.15)	-1.08(-1.16 to -1)
<5	657082.76 (480237.27-908673.99)	372151.37 (268983.55-522029.38)	2311.53 (1689.41-3196.6)	1363.34 (985.4-1912.41)	-1.63(-1.75 to -1.51)	902767.18 (632164.28-1290951.52)	527476.41 (376474.26-759488.96)	3022.99 (2116.86-4322.86)	1819.67 (1298.74-2620.05)	-1.57(-1.71 to -1.43)
5-14	376784.74 (190197.98-633287.92)	312109.95 (163504.46-529150.82)	684.27 (345.41-1150.1)	552.25 (289.3-936.28)	-0.69(-0.79 to -0.6)	539240.82 (282643.97-883449.29)	481562.9 (260609.77-784691.66)	939.54 (492.46-1539.27)	804.58 (435.42-1311.04)	-0.42(-0.49 to -0.34)
15-49	364352.63 (205791.44-561290.06)	372958.81 (220768.07-557064.11)	303.15 (171.22-467.01)	203.58 (120.51-304.07)	-1.4(-1.47 to -1.33)	368096.22 (212978.36-561298.89)	421529.27 (249799.16-624662.81)	316.21 (182.96-482.18)	224.69 (133.15-332.97)	-1.1(-1.14 to -1.06)
50-69	129961.6 (79687.46-192171.96)	201039.32 (133506.6-283144.87)	529.06 (324.4-782.31)	311.64 (206.96-438.92)	-1.98(-2.06 to -1.9)	133763.41 (83123.07-196018.59)	241456.26 (160344.23-331543.25)	589.76 (366.49-864.24)	400.69 (266.08-550.18)	-1.42(-1.48 to -1.37)
70+	35709.66 (19345.43-54363.47)	77876.04 (49826.94-108256.75)	582.35 (315.49-886.56)	451.5 (288.88-627.64)	-0.97(-1.02 to -0.91)	35588.38 (20456.52-51799.14)	72659.16 (45725.97-100004.52)	743.76 (427.52-1082.54)	566.35 (356.41-779.49)	-0.89(-0.94 to -0.85)
Southern Latin America	176363.16 (145744.51-214276.13)	202764.12 (169452.58-248636.95)	694.37 (572.9-842.32)	671.84 (541.46-847.19)	-0.19(-0.31 to -0.06)	178647.74 (146472.03-226072.85)	182360.19 (145254.5-232000.63)	711.83 (588.16-895.3)	663.53 (518.4-860.44)	-0.2(-0.26 to -0.14)
<5	47185.56 (30503.33-70929.06)	41817.4 (24073.17-69961.25)	1862.67 (1204.13-2799.95)	1997.45 (1149.88-3341.77)	0.38(0.18 to 0.57)	69487.56 (46583.79-100159.81)	58976.58 (36248.23-94854.09)	2658.58 (1782.28-3832.09)	2699.25 (1659.02-4341.3)	0.26(0.13 to 0.38)
5-14	41385 (20040.71-76263.91)	46897.54 (21774.55-87271.13)	855.44 (414.25-1576.4)	936.56 (434.84-1742.83)	0.48(0.25 to 0.72)	46043.76 (22856.05-85279.14)	55784.31 (25988.48-100651.48)	931.75 (462.52-1725.73)	1070.79 (498.85-1932.02)	0.69(0.57 to 0.8)
15-49	62414.64 (31143.74-106803.44)	68457.39 (34909.69-116172.81)	503.63 (251.3-861.81)	392.76 (200.29-666.52)	-1.17(-1.37 to -0.97)	37848.2 (18289.08-65755.74)	36847.2 (17883.68-63446.13)	312.85 (151.17-543.53)	213.51 (103.63-367.64)	-1.37(-1.52 to -1.22)
50-69	20401.89 (11313.52-32523.16)	31008.36 (18523.06-47851.1)	515.44 (285.83-821.68)	453.25 (270.75-699.44)	-0.77(-0.93 to -0.61)	21914.49 (13923.49-31945.23)	21929.51 (13801.33-32860.87)	621.19 (394.68-905.52)	355.26 (223.59-532.35)	-2.55(-2.76 to -2.34)
70+	4976.07 (2104.93-8856.26)	14583.44 (7660.07-22761.12)	318.54 (134.75-566.94)	447.86 (235.24-699)	0.99(0.92 to 1.05)	3353.73 (1373.16-5964.64)	8822.59 (4926.33-13461.17)	312.55 (127.97-555.88)	393.66 (219.81-600.63)	0.7(0.52 to 0.88)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	185933.54 (148003.18-236246.92)	149592.38 (120696.7-187944.22)	587.39 (482.84-730.14)	367.42 (297.48-459.87)	-1.77(-1.92 to -1.61)	157042.21 (122817.89-200269.24)	122236 (98683.54-153570.63)	514.48 (420.75-636.83)	313.66 (257.42-388.22)	-2.05(-2.34 to -1.75)
<5	53602.9 (35076.66-81883.25)	32427.58 (21682.77-49304.29)	1446.67 (946.67-2209.93)	817.41 (546.56-1242.83)	-1.85(-2.22 to -1.49)	66100.13 (42989.69-99148.69)	33391.03 (23166.41-49696.73)	1754.41 (1141.02-2631.58)	822.03 (570.32-1223.45)	-2.67(-3.1 to -2.24)
5-14	71867.04 (38358.35-123661.61)	61621.41 (34278.72-101264.43)	1080.05 (576.47-1858.45)	774.74 (430.97-1273.15)	-1.47(-1.8 to -1.13)	57353.76 (30709.78-90947.89)	49814.46 (28468.1-79842.39)	873.98 (467.97-1385.89)	616.29 (352.2-987.79)	-1.83(-2.43 to -1.22)
15-49	50935.33 (29110.08-77428.21)	38828.06 (23773.62-57119.22)	383.2 (219-582.51)	178.83 (109.49-263.08)	-2.69(-2.91 to -2.47)	25235.01 (14803.47-39544.83)	26289.24 (16169.6-38626.52)	202.45 (118.76-317.25)	122.51 (75.35-180.01)	-2.08(-2.39 to -1.76)
50-69	6598.95 (3885.97-10397.53)	11705.89 (7264.71-17127.84)	258.21 (152.05-406.84)	202 (125.36-295.56)	-0.99(-1.2 to -0.77)	5936.45 (3671.98-8875.95)	9345.9 (6128.66-13210.85)	280.27 (173.36-419.05)	202.93 (133.07-286.85)	-1.31(-1.65 to -0.97)
70+	2929.31 (1661.82-4494.63)	5009.43 (3083.82-7210.11)	371.49 (210.75-570)	299.34 (184.27-430.84)	-0.95(-1.16 to -0.74)	2416.85 (1430.59-3585.86)	3395.37 (2131.93-4782.92)	474.24 (280.71-703.62)	341.79 (214.61-481.47)	-1.33(-1.59 to -1.07)
Tropical Latin America	1142797.43 (900779.01-1479698.48)	864973.61 (685319.93-1094432.55)	1348.87 (1079.69-1724.17)	927.53 (719.64-1200.54)	-1.28(-1.46 to -1.1)	1134436.99 (876165.8-1508554.2)	796142.65 (601630.46-1078966.99)	1326.83 (1042.83-1729.74)	859.96 (641.06-1185.7)	-1.54(-1.64 to -1.44)
<5	567304.67 (395190.46-826493.13)	295255.38 (196820.05-444204.21)	6759.37 (4708.65-9847.57)	3514.26 (2342.64-5287.11)	-2.2(-2.43 to -1.97)	692736.52 (472689.86-1027498.85)	365710.76 (233614.05-555362.03)	7975.03 (5441.78-11828.94)	4152.99 (2652.91-6306.66)	-2.22(-2.38 to -2.05)
5-14	343125.37 (165560.56-620111.92)	307374.49 (148891.32-550792.75)	1898.87 (916.22-3431.72)	1903.65 (922.12-3411.21)	0.27(-0.12 to 0.67)	305864.59 (146411.9-546250.05)	279337.62 (134247.42-491098.83)	1656.47 (792.92-2958.33)	1658.89 (797.25-2916.46)	-0.09(-0.34 to 0.16)
15-49	193782.15 (98499.98-320671.97)	194620.25 (101546.79-320709.05)	485.78 (246.92-803.87)	321.09 (167.53-529.11)	-1.83(-2.16 to -1.49)	98182.76 (46887.71-173407.73)	106185.32 (50616.74-182859.16)	254.17 (121.38-448.91)	179.32 (85.48-308.8)	-1.46(-1.79 to -1.12)
50-69	29023.32 (16500.18-45825.56)	42329.23 (24572.77-64855.34)	347.83 (197.75-549.19)	184.93 (107.35-283.34)	-2.77(-3.13 to -2.41)	30116.43 (17996.18-45312.94)	31826.79 (19188.3-47640.21)	390.72 (233.48-587.88)	157.18 (94.76-235.27)	-3.55(-3.83 to -3.27)
70+	9561.93 (4894.91-15389.53)	25394.24 (15034.41-37231.01)	394.72 (202.06-635.29)	305.85 (181.08-448.42)	-1(-1.06 to -0.94)	7536.69 (3773.53-12333.37)	13082.17 (7388.26-19573.91)	387.73 (194.13-634.49)	215.86 (121.91-322.97)	-2.02(-2.13 to -1.9)
Western Europe	1161824.75 (1018445.77-1332228.08)	881173.76 (751876.64-1057959.1)	669.89 (574.81-785.45)	529.49 (433.69-656.44)	-0.61(-0.76 to -0.46)	1018624.94 (867049.85-1191446.17)	683367.23 (559836.35-858700.17)	629.71 (519.67-766.71)	467.69 (365.25-604.02)	-0.83(-0.99 to -0.67)
<5	135334.4 (83818.02-205303.36)	132785.09 (79632.57-211800.22)	1209.76 (749.25-1835.21)	1283.03 (769.44-2046.51)	0.22(0.09 to 0.35)	217734.25 (144541.7-315861.76)	193008.03 (121461.48-298611.41)	1849.94 (1228.07-2683.66)	1773.99 (1116.39-2744.63)	0.05(-0.08 to 0.18)
5-14	224040.79 (110661.16-386955.7)	209514.69 (104459.56-367286.93)	956.61 (472.5-1652.23)	917.46 (457.43-1608.34)	0.07(-0.07 to 0.21)	234949.59 (115806.19-410861.26)	208737.69 (102274.06-372483.53)	953.48 (469.97-1667.36)	867.83 (425.21-1548.61)	-0.24(-0.3 to -0.17)
15-49	508542.54 (277038.66-835285.39)	317612.28 (167156.87-526751.61)	532.23 (289.95-874.2)	340.86 (179.39-565.31)	-1.31(-1.5 to -1.12)	314717.76 (147965.4-555259.29)	172498.37 (85345.3-296073.63)	321.57 (151.19-567.35)	180.95 (89.53-310.57)	-1.69(-1.9 to -1.48)
50-69	247598.25 (147462.4-378344.6)	130989.15 (71027.91-214064.25)	571.35 (340.28-873.06)	223.51 (121.2-365.26)	-3.18(-3.38 to -2.97)	230023.07 (147220.4-346438.95)	63647.95 (33765.78-106864.3)	585.36 (374.65-881.62)	112.94 (59.91-189.62)	-5.6(-6.1 to -5.1)
70+	46308.77 (20024.4-84312.26)	90272.57 (52022.82-138295.2)	195.31 (84.45-355.58)	240.9 (138.83-369.05)	0.66(0.56 to 0.75)	7536.69 (3773.53-12333.37)	13082.17 (7388.26-19573.91)	387.73 (194.13-634.49)	215.86 (121.91-322.97)	-2.02(-2.13 to -1.9)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	931984.89 (752971.02-1184521.01)	1847503.4 (1499532.63-2342647.87)	744.38 (627.4-910.03)	620.62 (523.44-753.44)	-0.72(-0.77 to -0.66)	933693.31 (734730.76-1212383.38)	1901307.27 (1483143.07-2432077.89)	702.78 (575.24-872.62)	586.92 (475.35-727.08)	-0.7(-0.74 to -0.66)
<5	442613.49 (304134.65-652454.61)	755743.52 (531089.47-1125182.2)	2489.28 (1710.46-3669.43)	1918.66 (1348.31-2856.57)	-1(-1.09 to -0.9)	490070.33 (335297.01-724769.49)	910798.15 (638246.85-1341377.59)	2728.14 (1866.54-4034.67)	2245.07 (1573.24-3306.42)	-0.76(-0.85 to -0.68)
5-14	260718.49 (133268.85-435318.6)	568722.29 (293237.31-960027.08)	984.8 (503.39-1644.31)	844.96 (435.67-1426.33)	-0.52(-0.58 to -0.46)	299505.95 (159338.85-485633.22)	711451.26 (396341.51-1130268.07)	1167.15 (620.93-1892.48)	1054.03 (587.19-1674.52)	-0.47(-0.52 to -0.41)
15-49	175946.69 (101162.85-270326.29)	396496.73 (239335.78-587967.67)	403.5 (232-619.95)	330.72 (199.63-490.42)	-0.85(-0.92 to -0.77)	94072.79 (54608.86-145797.23)	205203.41 (125763.44-308834.52)	223.98 (130.02-347.13)	187.53 (114.93-282.24)	-0.66(-0.72 to -0.61)
50-69	40535.72 (25523.21-59416.6)	104790.27 (70689.35-145655.3)	565.86 (356.29-829.43)	525.33 (354.37-730.19)	-0.36(-0.5 to -0.22)	41424.32 (27432.11-59018.6)	56985.55 (40107.86-76100.61)	487.9 (323.1-695.13)	322.82 (227.21-431.11)	-1.37(-1.47 to -1.28)
70+	12170.5 (6614.21-19043.86)	21750.58 (13262.37-31474.08)	563.73 (306.37-882.1)	507.44 (309.41-734.29)	-0.46(-0.52 to -0.4)	8619.92 (5299.99-12556.26)	16868.9 (11729.11-22544.47)	463.45 (284.95-675.08)	436.64 (303.6-583.55)	-0.22(-0.28 to -0.15)

ASIR age-standardized incidence rate, CI confidential interval, EAPC estimated annual percentage change, UI uncertainty interval

Fig. 2.

The global age-specific numbers of asthma-related burden by sex in 2021. (a) age-specific numbers of deaths; (b) age-specific numbers of incident cases; (c) age-specific numbers of DALYs; (d) age-specific numbers of prevalence. DALYs: disability-adjusted life years

In contrast to incidence rates, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to asthma in 2021 were more pronounced in females compared to males, with 10,276,570 DALYS (95%UI: 8,168,308.59-13.59,581,677.53) observed in males and 11,146,289 DALYS (95%UI:8,596,598.85-14.85,253,411.72) in females(Table 3). In 2021, the ASDR per 100,000 people for asthma was 260.37 (95%UI: 206.71–341.57.71.57) in males and 268.96 (95%UI: 206.47–345.82.47.82) in females(Table 3). Unlike the overall trend, the ASDR for males was higher than females in the age groups of under 15 years and over 70 years, indicating a more severe condition(Table 3; Fig. 1c). The highest global ASDR in 2021 was observed in the over 70 years age group, with 853.84 per 100,000 population in males (95%UI:703.38–1265.09.38.09) and 847.41 per 100,000 in females (95% UI: 651.1–1153.87.1.87). Conversely, the lowest ASDR was found in the 15–49 years age group, with 148.83 per 100,000 in males (95% UI: 113.27–198.37.27.37) and 179.25 per 100,000 in females (95% UI: 132.81–238.66.81.66)(Table 3; Fig. 1c).

Table 3.

DALYs of asthma in 1990 and 2021 by sex,age and region, with temporal trend

	Female					Male
	Number of DALYs in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of DALYs in 2021 (95% UI)	ASDR(per 100000 population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASDR(per 100000 population) in 2021 (95% UI)	EAPC，1990-2021(95% CI)	Number of DALYs in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of DALYs in 2021 (95% UI)	ASDR(per 100000 population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASDR(per 100000 population) in 2021 (95% UI)	EAPC，1990-2021(95% CI)
Global	11015554.51 (8540767.96-14100345.44)	11146289.8 (8596598.85-14253411.72)	449.11 (350.07-573.73)	268.96 (206.47-345.82)	-1.66(-1.73 to -1.59)	11846495.18 (9397653.83-15678040.95)	10276570.09 (8168308.59-13581677.53)	511.9 (410.99-693.5)	260.37 (206.71-341.57)	-2.2(-2.28 to -2.13)
<5	1488561.41 (928082.93-2059766.26)	753917.61 (517694.2-1087475.81)	495.53 (308.95-685.67)	236.94 (162.7-341.77)	-2.37(-2.48 to -2.26)	1768202.4 (1327762.55-2333008.21)	854377.69 (582718-1256687.71)	553.36 (415.53-730.12)	251.3 (171.4-369.64)	-2.47(-2.59 to -2.34)
5-14	1599270.1 (1011238.64-2513085.64)	1309873.23 (798656.91-2134560.87)	293.3 (185.46-460.9)	199.83 (121.84-325.64)	-1(-1.2 to -0.8)	2081790.04 (1342066.89-3264026.84)	1649544.99 (994578.6-2721295.4)	362.71 (233.83-568.69)	236.26 (142.45-389.77)	-1.1(-1.3 to -0.9)
15-49	3507571.24 (2553399.33-4687716.97)	3493347.58 (2588281.14-4651067.07)	262.28 (190.93-350.52)	179.25 (132.81-238.66)	-1.33(-1.4 to -1.26)	3249148.46 (2459110.61-4313539.88)	2976139.63 (2265167.85-3966781.77)	236.63 (179.09-314.14)	148.83 (113.27-198.37)	-1.58(-1.62 to -1.53)
50-69	2792520.76 (2072453.51-3662851.55)	3242285.95 (2494267.46-4234300.25)	808.09 (599.72-1059.94)	442.65 (340.53-578.09)	-2.07(-2.17 to -1.96)	3161058.88 (2479627.8-4805657.38)	2940058.19 (2392324.83-4232083.76)	939.62 (737.06-1428.47)	417.58 (339.78-601.08)	-2.8(-2.92 to -2.68)
70+	1627630.99 (1202570.51-2230099.9)	2346865.42 (1803191.91-3195594.87)	1364.44 (1008.12-1869.49)	847.41 (651.1-1153.87)	-1.43(-1.52 to -1.35)	1586295.4 (1247698.24-2620374.72)	1856449.59 (1529319.68-2750597.03)	1917.71 (1508.38-3167.84)	853.84 (703.38-1265.09)	-2.65(-2.71 to -2.59)
High SDI	2251160.56 (1602716.07-3032706.33)	1790497.47 (1242420.64-2480482.03)	463.04 (323.94-631.76)	314.83 (211.02-446.3)	-1.01(-1.25 to -0.76)	2013274.95 (1473238.11-2670994.16)	1341807.04 (925917.64-1907549.19)	465.02 (338.94-624.35)	267.59 (180.15-390.05)	-1.69(-1.95 to -1.43)
<5	88298.59 (50714.1-140012.74)	69135.25 (37036.97-111210.28)	294.01 (168.86-466.2)	263.59 (141.21-424.01)	-0.01(-0.21 to 0.2)	129272.01 (76280.77-202435.9)	102727.11 (56740.66-165901)	408.06 (240.79-639.01)	371.96 (205.45-600.7)	-0.13(-0.24 to -0.02)
5-14	229208.86 (133515.23-372654.48)	208921.68 (122167.35-349385.29)	379.1 (220.83-616.36)	361.77 (211.55-605)	0.36(0.07 to 0.64)	291607.55 (174840.76-475893.01)	274629.87 (160849.06-462715.07)	458.25 (274.76-747.85)	450.65 (263.94-759.29)	0.26(0.09 to 0.44)
15-49	868736.2 (560864.94-1290606.55)	708333.28 (445315.36-1047613.23)	383.2 (247.4-569.28)	291.31 (183.14-430.84)	-0.69(-0.85 to -0.53)	723395.11 (486681.5-1038496.51)	485621 (311965.83-712666.93)	308.95 (207.85-443.52)	187.44 (120.42-275.08)	-1.56(-1.73 to -1.4)
50-69	630722.39 (460627.94-854266.91)	471323.94 (323490.82-657146.13)	736.04 (537.54-996.91)	337.32 (231.52-470.31)	-2.34(-2.71 to -1.98)	522644.01 (403379.29-684513.68)	291752.14 (206640.75-395217.94)	668.99 (516.33-876.19)	214.41 (151.86-290.45)	-3.75(-4.18 to -3.31)
70+	434194.52 (343948.84-554837.36)	332783.32 (244261.82-439027.13)	1004.07 (795.38-1283.06)	408.36 (299.74-538.74)	-3.05(-3.41 to -2.68)	346356.27 (282116.69-433515.22)	187076.92 (138959.89-245525.53)	1341.77 (1092.91-1679.42)	301.79 (224.17-396.08)	-5.15(-5.55 to -4.74)
High-middle SDI	1479932.51 (1116040.07-1961018.68)	958256.58 (707585.56-1271976.36)	276.49 (207.35-368.05)	138.8 (96.46-192.98)	-2.5(-2.68 to -2.33)	1486520.83 (1146800.69-1933863.53)	887811.04 (647495.52-1192584.71)	311.14 (243.6-400.97)	139.82 (97.81-195.47)	-2.85(-3.03 to -2.68)
<5	120813.42 (78119.08-176822.58)	50149.81 (27684.06-82350.5)	270.88 (175.15-396.46)	150.52 (83.09-247.17)	-2.14(-2.34 to -1.93)	140603.52 (95217.84-203371.21)	66994.15 (36246.64-111458.36)	291.09 (197.13-421.04)	182.41 (98.69-303.48)	-1.56(-1.7 to -1.41)
5-14	182820.04 (107420.19-295196.78)	123779.94 (66969.18-218817.67)	208 (122.22-335.85)	161.49 (87.37-285.48)	-0.69(-0.97 to -0.42)	238612.4 (143648.34-388291.98)	164499.57 (88102.7-289918.02)	257.05 (154.75-418.3)	195.38 (104.64-344.34)	-0.77(-1.01 to -0.53)
15-49	499024.98 (333718.22-721724.86)	324948.49 (206791.43-486303.65)	179.66 (120.15-259.84)	106.5 (67.77-159.38)	-2.02(-2.18 to -1.86)	461581.3 (314714.36-663463.72)	283569.84 (182206.15-420160.45)	161.02 (109.79-231.45)	87.4 (56.16-129.5)	-2.31(-2.44 to -2.17)
50-69	428435.05 (331792.05-558822.53)	248541.55 (186772.17-323147.69)	467.95 (362.39-610.36)	148.12 (111.31-192.58)	-4.31(-4.53 to -4.09)	437332.02 (356786.92-544681.96)	209755.73 (164498.12-265284.08)	530.24 (432.58-660.39)	132.45 (103.87-167.51)	-5.23(-5.54 to -4.91)
70+	248839.02 (201884.9-310296.74)	210836.8 (168129.31-261226.58)	766.27 (621.68-955.53)	307.44 (245.17-380.92)	-3.32(-3.51 to -3.14)	208391.59 (173282.97-272337.59)	162991.75 (132006.71-200498.33)	1097.48 (912.58-1434.24)	333.84 (270.37-410.66)	-4.16(-4.32 to -3.99)
Middle SDI	2742802.76 (2126452-3535217.62)	2566633.13 (2050665.37-3142962.27)	384.89 (308.16-488.39)	205.47 (162.15-254.94)	-2.14(-2.19 to -2.1)	3072583.37 (2465364.47-3902860.32)	2678006.65 (2174364.75-3377797.15)	443.14 (363.01-573.21)	223.4 (179.95-285.35)	-2.26(-2.29 to -2.22)
<5	472983.42 (312132-651758.49)	179406.06 (120001.52-260788.63)	489.49 (323.02-674.5)	212.09 (141.87-308.3)	-2.63(-2.83 to -2.43)	527174.4 (382387.99-722442.94)	207000.8 (131704.51-312137.89)	507.35 (368.01-695.27)	224.93 (143.11-339.17)	-2.46(-2.69 to -2.23)
5-14	523143.85 (329720.63-827887.07)	334148.99 (196588.52-561102.54)	285.14 (179.72-451.24)	178.45 (104.99-299.65)	-1.26(-1.52 to -1)	676182.93 (428544.24-1065524.86)	443269.33 (259338.77-749750.52)	349.97 (221.8-551.49)	218.37 (127.76-369.35)	-1.22(-1.46 to -0.98)
15-49	845941.35 (620496.61-1121044.22)	780504.56 (578865.44-1040735.81)	189.22 (138.79-250.76)	126.2 (93.6-168.28)	-1.5(-1.59 to -1.42)	817208.27 (625507.93-1081185.22)	759915.09 (580037.39-1003645.36)	176.3 (134.94-233.25)	119.37 (91.12-157.66)	-1.34(-1.39 to -1.29)
50-69	526540.37 (408482.95-674014.84)	722135.09 (585444.03-894828.87)	564.93 (438.27-723.16)	291.6 (236.4-361.33)	-2.51(-2.65 to -2.37)	659741.33 (533136.07-944502.1)	754484.53 (644868.85-900672.76)	685.85 (554.23-981.88)	317.04 (270.98-378.47)	-2.76(-2.86 to -2.66)
70+	374193.77 (273362.58-510303.85)	550438.44 (436245.58-670617.42)	1468.62 (1072.88-2002.81)	711.27 (563.71-866.56)	-2.46(-2.58 to -2.33)	392276.44 (315474.19-588653.66)	513336.9 (434202.94-592023.29)	1940.45 (1560.54-2911.86)	807.06 (682.65-930.77)	-2.96(-3.09 to -2.83)
Low-middle SDI	2943227.73 (2212032.93-3795353.59)	3635491.1 (2758216.66-4957478.98)	710.36 (501.94-977.66)	453.56 (340.79-633.67)	-1.36(-1.41 to -1.31)	3577705.89 (2782823.79-5418691.54)	3438465.75 (2722222.74-5412485.46)	836.84 (626.13-1461.87)	447.24 (349.81-734.13)	-1.96(-2.01 to -1.91)
<5	432091.94 (254590.24-587819.86)	154407.18 (104810.23-219105.49)	512.23 (301.81-696.84)	166.32 (112.89-236)	-3.66(-3.78 to -3.54)	539609.1 (414601.38-695746.98)	174314.28 (119394.64-251176.54)	605.43 (465.18-780.62)	176.54 (120.92-254.39)	-3.88(-4.01 to -3.74)
5-14	416741.49 (267804.31-635772.1)	286597.03 (174081.74-463027.58)	286.94 (184.39-437.74)	152.05 (92.36-245.65)	-1.86(-2.07 to -1.65)	576713.25 (379634.86-875613.56)	365948.96 (223200.59-590871.11)	375.98 (247.5-570.84)	183.18 (111.73-295.77)	-1.94(-2.19 to -1.69)
15-49	847959.37 (615283.73-1092149.76)	980234.65 (746704.84-1280765.54)	310.7 (225.45-400.18)	193.62 (147.49-252.98)	-1.64(-1.72 to -1.57)	850490.89 (651622.91-1173219.02)	876082 (673072.77-1234241)	305.73 (234.25-421.75)	171.79 (131.98-242.02)	-1.92(-1.98 to -1.85)
50-69	834748.44 (519107.98-1226490.2)	1272093.79 (902532.8-1844421.22)	1535.1 (954.64-2255.51)	978.42 (694.18-1418.63)	-1.41(-1.49 to -1.32)	1130548.13 (770477.39-2097762.33)	1251252.41 (906343.7-2182662.83)	1962.74 (1337.63-3641.92)	1001.72 (725.6-1747.39)	-2.15(-2.21 to -2.08)
70+	411686.49 (233337.86-702618.75)	942158.44 (628075.43-1511630.69)	3102.02 (1758.18-5294.17)	2494.34 (1662.81-4002)	-0.53(-0.67 to -0.39)	480344.52 (308244.84-1071556.76)	770868.1 (551000.95-1471559.92)	3708.44 (2379.76-8272.81)	2384.86 (1704.65-4552.62)	-1.44(-1.54 to -1.34)
Low SDI	1585298.4 (1181867.43-2019579.38)	2183992.78 (1607605.82-3205623.16)	868.91 (627.01-1224.65)	569.17 (395.28-884.98)	-1.37(-1.42 to -1.32)	1683074.94 (1323408.62-2275884.39)	1920183.24 (1458786.28-2615376.46)	879.16 (666-1439.94)	482.49 (357.56-738.28)	-1.98(-2.02 to -1.93)
<5	372423.67 (201893.17-522825.58)	299605.71 (213984.38-415223.43)	836.24 (453.33-1173.95)	370.02 (264.28-512.81)	-2.58(-2.65 to -2.5)	428968.13 (319764.02-549888.16)	301685.27 (215651.16-411544.95)	927.3 (691.23-1188.69)	356.58 (254.89-486.43)	-3(-3.11 to -2.89)
5-14	245665.43 (160946.42-369194.55)	354865.62 (229446.97-548204.82)	362.76 (237.66-545.17)	244.94 (158.37-378.39)	-1.21(-1.28 to -1.13)	296528.23 (200667.6-438262.7)	399223.99 (255058.4-617947.66)	421.22 (285.05-622.56)	266.55 (170.3-412.59)	-1.37(-1.47 to -1.27)
15-49	441293.63 (327061.16-570472.15)	695133.74 (506477.07-996585.36)	395.12 (292.84-510.79)	253.41 (184.64-363.3)	-1.63(-1.7 to -1.56)	392873.97 (300863.17-525034.51)	567901.74 (431049.92-754930.77)	359.26 (275.12-480.11)	211.85 (160.8-281.62)	-1.83(-1.87 to -1.79)
50-69	368906.05 (227781.58-563419.77)	525438.85 (340022.58-869471.48)	1813.11 (1119.51-2769.11)	1125.88 (728.58-1863.05)	-1.68(-1.8 to -1.56)	407576.39 (282285.65-716100.91)	430541.16 (297610.41-712500.87)	1881.14 (1302.87-3305.12)	932.42 (644.53-1543.06)	-2.46(-2.58 to -2.35)
70+	157009.63 (86811.65-282032.43)	308948.86 (180280.68-573269.64)	3354.86 (1854.92-6026.25)	2699.2 (1575.06-5008.5)	-0.44(-0.58 to -0.3)	157128.22 (96507.15-342760.7)	220831.09 (145386.54-430004.47)	3377.61 (2074.51-7367.95)	2105.57 (1386.22-4099.99)	-1.43(-1.51 to -1.35)
North Africa and Middle East	721199.73 (547553.57-905817.3)	718670.95 (566097.13-919576.79)	567.64 (449.46-727.58)	277.2 (222.4-347.99)	-2.48(-2.52 to -2.44)	800358.06 (652286.83-1003854.41)	719450.61 (571930.28-933427.38)	607.08 (494.97-810.52)	263.16 (214.19-332.42)	-2.85(-2.88 to -2.82)
<5	154966.75 (91714.25-218053.78)	58094.09 (37228.96-86904.53)	620.08 (366.98-872.51)	195.77 (125.46-292.86)	-3.83(-3.95 to -3.71)	184289.5 (135361.85-245248.69)	71567.69 (46161.09-107641.27)	702.38 (515.9-934.71)	227.47 (146.72-342.12)	-3.61(-3.68 to -3.55)
5-14	125441.31 (82865.93-182833.06)	100586.03 (60022.67-160337.39)	288.43 (190.53-420.39)	170.02 (101.46-271.02)	-1.64(-1.7 to -1.59)	161350.49 (112381.14-232808.6)	127538.16 (75589.84-207717.51)	352.57 (245.57-508.71)	202.37 (119.94-329.59)	-1.73(-1.79 to -1.67)
15-49	198829.75 (140503.8-269076.77)	254117.86 (178534.21-348566.27)	254.5 (179.84-344.42)	159.48 (112.04-218.75)	-1.67(-1.73 to -1.6)	170487.17 (123605.65-231311.49)	225294.38 (159695.71-313073.33)	207.54 (150.47-281.58)	128.75 (91.26-178.91)	-1.59(-1.64 to -1.54)
50-69	150617.03 (110584.24-198041.76)	176253.38 (141975.85-220946.77)	990.46 (727.2-1302.33)	429.32 (345.83-538.19)	-3.14(-3.3 to -2.99)	180317.94 (139310.84-249611.44)	176427.33 (145408.39-213987.86)	1126.6 (870.4-1559.54)	401.35 (330.78-486.79)	-3.68(-3.81 to -3.54)
70+	91344.89 (61833.19-146797.41)	129619.59 (104210.98-160093.92)	2508.4 (1697.99-4031.17)	1246.95 (1002.52-1540.12)	-2.32(-2.41 to -2.23)	103912.96 (73946.79-164630.65)	118623.06 (98208.24-141676.17)	2902.52 (2065.5-4598.51)	1193.49 (988.1-1425.44)	-3.1(-3.2 to -3)
South Asia	2637835.14 (1815381.98-3571036.44)	3798311.55 (2787562.52-5572116.28)	766.41 (492.26-1121)	489.55 (357.01-735.42)	-1.32(-1.37 to -1.28)	3277253.78 (2413129.33-5636052.13)	3357226.06 (2570068.04-5815954.53)	847.97 (582.86-1642.94)	437.61 (332.59-790.55)	-2.03(-2.08 to -1.99)
<5	152416 (90851.81-211324.74)	53076.91 (30874.35-82769.21)	201.27 (119.98-279.07)	69.9 (40.66-109)	-3.18(-3.49 to -2.86)	263292.78 (194289.37-349518.75)	81933.9 (54345.75-117757.8)	323.85 (238.98-429.91)	99.12 (65.74-142.46)	-3.35(-3.69 to -3.01)
5-14	332053.17 (198094-537582.09)	191860.92 (110885.61-316787.85)	250.48 (149.43-405.52)	114.91 (66.41-189.73)	-2.07(-2.44 to -1.69)	489445.47 (301923.05-775859.11)	252622.53 (148081.43-417192.61)	340.44 (210-539.65)	139.22 (81.61-229.91)	-2(-2.49 to -1.5)
15-49	788752.51 (559694.32-1029455.63)	908713.93 (679688.99-1236870.93)	309.45 (219.58-403.88)	183.9 (137.55-250.31)	-1.84(-1.93 to -1.75)	814305.92 (595360.27-1211567.6)	781050.75 (582370.62-1193767.62)	297.04 (217.17-441.95)	152.38 (113.62-232.9)	-2.23(-2.32 to -2.14)
50-69	931385.92 (534493.24-1438770.94)	1503102.06 (1032521.53-2284039.88)	1846.54 (1059.67-2852.46)	1155.17 (793.52-1755.34)	-1.5(-1.59 to -1.4)	1226983.69 (788876.3-2461516.73)	1381096.58 (967356.32-2630602.86)	2149.23 (1381.83-4311.69)	1066.44 (746.96-2031.27)	-2.29(-2.38 to -2.21)
70+	433227.53 (221733.16-769079.21)	1141557.72 (744001.4-1878225.46)	3773.64 (1931.42-6699.09)	2969.84 (1935.57-4886.33)	-0.54(-0.71 to -0.37)	483225.91 (280734.77-1190369.09)	860522.3 (596920.69-1783030.8)	4024.42 (2338.02-9913.67)	2474.46 (1716.47-5127.17)	-1.51(-1.63 to -1.39)
Andean Latin America	107172.49 (76598.03-144161.86)	59236.81 (38617.75-87253.04)	471.51 (343.72-622.18)	187.18 (122.01-274.55)	-2.95(-3.25 to -2.65)	111937.4 (82168.29-149144.04)	58880.56 (37789.59-88744.85)	479.82 (363.59-624.65)	181.34 (117.24-272.12)	-3.07(-3.37 to -2.77)
<5	53121.41 (36288.97-71589.83)	13978.52 (8253.8-21511.51)	2046.96 (1398.34-2758.61)	466.43 (275.41-717.79)	-4.76(-5.22 to -4.3)	58926.16 (43091.59-77318.47)	15635.59 (9340.14-24553.4)	2193.54 (1604.09-2878.19)	494.97 (295.68-777.28)	-4.79(-5.27 to -4.3)
5-14	33174.88 (20817.94-48613.51)	21370.64 (11779.76-35895.72)	701.09 (439.95-1027.35)	370.04 (203.97-621.55)	-2.04(-2.31 to -1.76)	35415.54 (22645.14-53144.63)	25141.92 (14147.3-42873.15)	731.93 (468.01-1098.34)	407.9 (229.52-695.56)	-1.83(-2.02 to -1.64)
15-49	14975.32 (9826.62-22032.98)	16650.11 (9810.22-25844.83)	157.9 (103.61-232.31)	95.4 (56.21-148.09)	-1.59(-1.74 to -1.45)	11919.02 (8135.11-17172.1)	12482.79 (7494.86-19504.45)	130.24 (88.9-187.65)	71.22 (42.76-111.29)	-1.93(-2.09 to -1.78)
50-69	3484.91 (2611.2-4565.41)	4226.58 (2895.93-5895.41)	197.75 (148.17-259.06)	84.1 (57.62-117.3)	-2.98(-3.08 to -2.88)	3231.3 (2399.31-4404.09)	3177.6 (2259.08-4302.9)	187.52 (139.24-255.58)	66.84 (47.52-90.51)	-3.37(-3.56 to -3.18)
70+	2415.98 (1825.19-3225.88)	3010.96 (2058.49-4256.55)	448.14 (338.56-598.37)	171.33 (117.13-242.2)	-3.21(-3.29 to -3.13)	2445.39 (1761.25-3488.11)	2442.67 (1728.75-3380.89)	508.04 (365.9-724.67)	160.4 (113.52-222)	-3.68(-3.81 to -3.55)
Australasia	67015.82 (48852.19-90259.22)	57375.59 (39976.02-80843.55)	632.8 (457.67-857.92)	365.9 (246.09-525.36)	-2.09(-2.27 to -1.91)	61675.19 (44549.76-83199.69)	43933.29 (29789.07-62910.42)	618.16 (446.3-837.31)	313.4 (205.7-458.65)	-2.36(-2.48 to -2.23)
<5	2574.43 (1611.7-4015.73)	2468.23 (1396.67-3998.6)	342.62 (214.49-534.43)	279.75 (158.3-453.2)	-1.08(-1.33 to -0.83)	5118.85 (3216.39-7825.39)	4311.03 (2336.55-7081.45)	647.24 (406.69-989.46)	461.69 (250.23-758.39)	-1.65(-1.93 to -1.37)
5-14	7788.9 (5136.6-11791.43)	8144.97 (4685.08-13353.72)	525.41 (346.5-795.41)	428.21 (246.31-702.05)	-0.82(-0.87 to -0.78)	10128.37 (6773.09-15076.65)	9840.34 (5452.04-16476.44)	648.73 (433.82-965.68)	488.84 (270.84-818.5)	-0.76(-0.83 to -0.69)
15-49	33231.83 (22769.7-46468.24)	25883.86 (16737.73-37866.91)	619.14 (424.22-865.74)	358.55 (231.85-524.54)	-2.26(-2.58 to -1.93)	28559.91 (19721.78-39968.21)	18133.7 (11581.39-27060.03)	526.59 (363.63-736.93)	251.12 (160.38-374.73)	-2.7(-2.97 to -2.44)
50-69	15041.48 (11390.7-19654.62)	12027.34 (8535.76-16423.73)	868.44 (657.66-1134.79)	327.86 (232.68-447.71)	-3.19(-3.37 to -3.01)	12157.73 (9361.06-15704.53)	6992.39 (4990.15-9486.96)	711.03 (547.47-918.46)	201.03 (143.47-272.75)	-4.12(-4.38 to -3.86)
70+	8379.18 (6665.81-10608.83)	8851.19 (6723.09-11505.23)	960.46 (764.07-1216.04)	450.67 (342.32-585.8)	-2.5(-2.82 to -2.17)	5710.32 (4545.84-7181.31)	4655.82 (3506.42-6018.35)	976.19 (777.12-1227.66)	277.23 (208.79-358.37)	-4.16(-4.57 to -3.75)
Caribbean	114823.54 (82480.06-154272.49)	107231.88 (77763.85-149847.11)	639.81 (462.7-860.26)	464.24 (333.69-652.26)	-1.08(-1.14 to -1.02)	118471.89 (90521.79-153354.23)	103646.78 (78359.62-135714.6)	652.96 (508.81-834.37)	470.98 (352.9-623.47)	-1(-1.1 to -0.91)
<5	28593.74 (16880.42-43604.43)	17323.58 (10821.31-25559.11)	1405.91 (829.99-2143.97)	914.04 (570.96-1348.57)	-1.17(-1.32 to -1.01)	46573.95 (29344.91-64285.75)	30065.19 (18999.07-42884.26)	2220.35 (1398.98-3064.73)	1523.91 (963-2173.66)	-0.88(-1.05 to -0.7)
5-14	22484.09 (14424.99-34226.23)	20984.6 (13261.99-32238.28)	619.72 (397.59-943.37)	558.81 (353.16-858.49)	-0.29(-0.37 to -0.22)	28108.79 (18032.06-42460.26)	26338.33 (16937.93-39832.36)	769.49 (493.63-1162.36)	678.52 (436.35-1026.16)	-0.41(-0.48 to -0.33)
15-49	45355.92 (32054.19-62799.37)	44552.9 (30452.94-65193.03)	486.57 (343.87-673.71)	370.39 (253.17-541.98)	-1.01(-1.07 to -0.95)	27471.02 (20110.18-36888.1)	27380.69 (19898.1-37360.49)	307.11 (224.82-412.39)	229.78 (166.98-313.53)	-1.09(-1.2 to -0.97)
50-69	13013.76 (9519.45-19948.86)	17251.91 (12343.84-29166.86)	617.99 (452.05-947.32)	379.16 (271.29-641.03)	-1.82(-1.95 to -1.7)	11186.24 (8582.69-15131.49)	13835.3 (10734.27-18537.31)	550.59 (422.44-744.78)	324.83 (252.02-435.22)	-1.82(-1.97 to -1.67)
70+	5376.04 (4063.95-8551.64)	7118.89 (5354.9-11453.32)	687.85 (519.97-1094.16)	404.14 (304-650.21)	-1.99(-2.14 to -1.84)	5131.89 (4014.57-7262.04)	6027.26 (4669.05-8459.71)	738.85 (577.98-1045.53)	419.14 (324.69-588.3)	-2.09(-2.24 to -1.93)
Central Asia	111498.31 (94289.86-134202.28)	92138.33 (71576.5-116336.18)	363.97 (309.97-433.07)	195.02 (151.84-245.86)	-2.66(-2.98 to -2.34)	109217.16 (91266.29-131372.05)	84485.48 (67157.06-105801.94)	466.41 (390.83-543.6)	205.91 (167.27-252.48)	-3.37(-3.74 to -3)
<5	6815.17 (4485.37-9972.25)	4954.52 (2657.02-8015.53)	145.65 (95.86-213.12)	102.92 (55.2-166.51)	-1.22(-1.36 to -1.08)	7963.92 (5269.25-11488.51)	5857.37 (3190.33-9590.9)	164.36 (108.75-237.11)	113.01 (61.55-185.04)	-1.37(-1.49 to -1.24)
5-14	11029.41 (6442-18250.75)	10810.26 (5933.74-18853.5)	144.55 (84.43-239.19)	126.75 (69.57-221.05)	-0.45(-0.51 to -0.4)	12084.49 (7363.79-19922.29)	12075.33 (6542.33-21525.11)	154.21 (93.97-254.23)	131.98 (71.5-235.26)	-0.56(-0.61 to -0.52)
15-49	30062.03 (22360.85-40719.84)	27800.71 (18812.2-40038.71)	179.19 (133.28-242.71)	114.57 (77.53-165)	-2.26(-2.58 to -1.93)	27378.66 (20492.41-36421.45)	23964.37 (16856.64-33732.55)	165.23 (123.67-219.81)	97.84 (68.82-137.72)	-2.82(-3.25 to -2.39)
50-69	40684.63 (35152.68-47392.06)	33002.29 (26747.55-40422.34)	855.1 (738.83-996.08)	385.57 (312.5-472.26)	-3.74(-4.28 to -3.2)	45137.69 (37439.1-52460.61)	30878.05 (25905.71-37108.85)	1139.01 (944.74-1323.8)	416.38 (349.33-500.4)	-4.58(-5.23 to -3.92)
70+	22907.06 (18656.26-26883.11)	15570.54 (12982.91-18423.62)	1490.7 (1214.07-1749.44)	737.24 (614.72-872.33)	-2.74(-3.14 to -2.33)	16652.4 (13193.15-20496.52)	11710.37 (9928.95-13942.92)	2323.8 (1841.07-2860.24)	909.8 (771.4-1083.25)	-3.53(-3.92 to -3.13)
Central Europe	266405.39 (192545.99-364475.38)	152628.89 (104878-209950.98)	370.78 (262.5-512.57)	243.66 (159.13-354.41)	-1.41(-1.61 to -1.2)	261556.98 (200291.85-341587.22)	117720.87 (79815.3-167495.55)	424.72 (325.66-555.13)	233.26 (152.13-345.02)	-2.03(-2.38 to -1.68)
<5	9999.98 (5457.66-16411.93)	8461.44 (4488.85-13863.86)	222.87 (121.63-365.77)	311.65 (165.33-510.63)	1.2(0.93 to 1.46)	12865.38 (7034.36-21138.19)	11776.33 (6293.4-19303.45)	277 (151.45-455.12)	410.24 (219.24-672.45)	1.31(1.1 to 1.53)
5-14	20004.44 (10811.41-33574.23)	17552.41 (9592.3-29945.75)	200.91 (108.58-337.19)	298.97 (163.39-510.06)	1.33(1.1 to 1.56)	25748.21 (13893.96-44155.01)	25393.57 (13976.98-43778.92)	247.7 (133.66-424.77)	406.65 (223.83-701.07)	1.6(1.33 to 1.87)
15-49	87927.74 (54253.61-135754.24)	47175.9 (27777.09-74080.1)	286.3 (176.65-442.02)	183.18 (107.86-287.65)	-1.59(-1.66 to -1.51)	70558.11 (43617-108607.35)	35725.75 (20902.97-56453.09)	224.82 (138.98-346.05)	132.63 (77.6-209.58)	-1.7(-1.81 to -1.58)
50-69	95605.53 (68666.39-130035.27)	45928.43 (31010.12-64744.97)	695.79 (499.73-946.36)	293.82 (198.38-414.2)	-2.95(-3.25 to -2.64)	96271.87 (76242.38-122615.79)	26158.86 (18709.4-35443.97)	810.91 (642.2-1032.81)	181.7 (129.96-246.19)	-5.27(-5.74 to -4.8)
70+	52867.7 (41937.09-67430.01)	33510.7 (25204.31-43983.82)	1071.21 (849.73-1366.27)	367.06 (276.08-481.78)	-3.69(-4.02 to -3.35)	56113.4 (47754.12-67369.22)	18666.35 (14567.03-24034.23)	1893.31 (1611.26-2273.09)	326.62 (254.89-420.55)	-6.1(-6.46 to -5.73)
Central Latin America	304954.83 (226867.77-405843.19)	190721.81 (133429.19-265578.36)	380.81 (297.5-488.42)	152.62 (105.88-212.29)	-3.12(-3.32 to -2.92)	307391.21 (227247.27-417264.5)	179045.54 (121953.5-255450.1)	376.13 (295.38-487.79)	151.62 (103.76-215.94)	-3.1(-3.32 to -2.88)
<5	95173.69 (71594.94-126267.46)	24100.73 (15375.66-36753.56)	839.32 (631.38-1113.53)	244.17 (155.78-372.36)	-4.3(-4.62 to -3.99)	109192.95 (80619.77-147587.2)	31456.6 (19138.67-48327.65)	934.99 (690.33-1263.75)	307.79 (187.27-472.87)	-3.85(-4.19 to -3.51)
5-14	74704.61 (45060.11-117406.61)	46210.33 (25337.72-78383.67)	364.8 (220.04-573.33)	216.71 (118.82-367.59)	-1.57(-1.91 to -1.23)	93530.39 (56119.08-148154.17)	59944.65 (33088.28-103111.73)	447.83 (268.7-709.38)	271.6 (149.92-467.18)	-1.53(-1.84 to -1.22)
15-49	84001.35 (56409.03-121309.13)	79015.38 (51168.41-116326.81)	200.42 (134.59-289.43)	115.87 (75.03-170.58)	-1.77(-1.86 to -1.68)	59017.4 (39710.68-85198.24)	57160.84 (36462.01-84619.32)	148.6 (99.99-214.52)	88.03 (56.15-130.32)	-1.75(-1.83 to -1.67)
50-69	29659.44 (25107.68-35384.68)	26492.11 (20930.7-33135.94)	402.94 (341.1-480.72)	116.64 (92.15-145.89)	-4.5(-4.7 to -4.3)	24573.39 (20770.61-29430.97)	18586.5 (14756.78-23503.76)	351.14 (296.8-420.56)	92.86 (73.72-117.42)	-4.76(-4.95 to -4.57)
70+	21415.73 (19133.01-24345.18)	14903.25 (12554.02-17839.43)	1003.02 (896.1-1140.22)	197.01 (165.96-235.83)	-5.61(-5.78 to -5.45)	21077.08 (18962.15-23521.24)	11896.95 (10106.31-13963.42)	1106.63 (995.59-1234.96)	195.14 (165.77-229.04)	-6.05(-6.25 to -5.86)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	168453.22 (101502.84-278839.45)	249300.71 (163093.66-488360.65)	833.52 (486.54-1844.8)	552.13 (318.47-1282.49)	-1.36(-1.43 to -1.29)	147605.07 (112478.71-185757.08)	191835.13 (138128.04-250518.27)	703.42 (519.79-919.76)	412.76 (285.4-552.29)	-1.77(-1.86 to -1.69)
<5	44041.87 (14164.74-75995.1)	30591.33 (17762.72-46029.69)	858.73 (276.18-1481.75)	295.01 (171.3-443.89)	-3.33(-3.55 to -3.12)	47360.94 (31838.76-65345.24)	27333.56 (18376.63-40989.98)	901.14 (605.8-1243.33)	255.53 (171.79-383.19)	-3.98(-4.27 to -3.69)
5-14	24270.1 (14318.03-36529.36)	39741.72 (25601.7-59913.08)	326.74 (192.76-491.79)	213.28 (137.39-321.53)	-1.3(-1.43 to -1.16)	25098.89 (16541.94-37497.89)	39678.66 (24822.68-60972.35)	335.26 (220.96-500.88)	209.04 (130.77-321.22)	-1.52(-1.64 to -1.4)
15-49	45498.15 (27155.62-82059.81)	82258.95 (51937.88-154715.02)	368.06 (219.68-663.84)	251.92 (159.06-473.82)	-1.36(-1.42 to -1.29)	37190.17 (25908.25-50446.51)	69758.35 (47785.6-98461.03)	308.5 (214.92-418.47)	214.32 (146.81-302.51)	-1.16(-1.21 to -1.1)
50-69	40753.54 (19502.88-102760.21)	68045.41 (33574.14-169426.41)	1711.48 (819.04-4315.49)	1178.85 (581.65-2935.22)	-1.3(-1.39 to -1.21)	28781.09 (18239.97-42105.8)	43743.68 (25684.38-66060.68)	1399.97 (887.23-2048.11)	811.89 (476.71-1226.1)	-1.93(-2.03 to -1.83)
70+	13889.55 (5410.02-41786.6)	28663.3 (10748.12-90126.5)	3285.74 (1279.8-9885.12)	2508.74 (940.72-7888.29)	-0.85(-0.92 to -0.78)	9173.99 (5290.39-15317.17)	11320.87 (6635.28-17938.69)	2365.17 (1363.93-3948.96)	1524 (893.24-2414.89)	-1.5(-1.6 to -1.39)
East Asia	1148378.03 (838050.73-1541508.42)	696623.83 (510872.34-922524.03)	229.85 (167.35-306.47)	94.4 (66.28-131.12)	-3.18(-3.44 to -2.91)	1360220.84 (1049266.34-1828421.65)	897411.11 (658307.91-1226073.35)	278.74 (217.08-386.96)	122.75 (86.57-172.02)	-2.75(-2.94 to -2.56)
<5	163815.45 (111745.76-234535.79)	46955.45 (23037.36-81847.5)	300.83 (205.21-430.7)	126.2 (61.92-219.97)	-2.84(-3.61 to -2.06)	196347.54 (136815.45-282694.31)	66414.39 (32138.27-115797.21)	320.34 (223.21-461.21)	154.94 (74.97-270.14)	-2.34(-2.94 to -1.74)
5-14	202615.34 (120656.92-334063.28)	115660.79 (60325.66-208003.75)	196.28 (116.88-323.61)	132.02 (68.86-237.43)	-1.21(-1.86 to -0.55)	283629.84 (170435.29-470890.9)	176219.71 (92155.3-316014.54)	255.86 (153.75-424.78)	176.8 (92.46-317.06)	-1.05(-1.59 to -0.5)
15-49	358892.8 (234485.91-517750.15)	189641.96 (117767.55-285301.15)	107.65 (70.34-155.3)	57.31 (35.59-86.22)	-2.55(-2.83 to -2.26)	382052.92 (258878.88-548077.15)	225653.74 (145076.91-336955.11)	107.48 (72.83-154.18)	63.1 (40.57-94.23)	-1.96(-2.16 to -1.77)
50-69	209286.1 (148633.82-277305.7)	153945.6 (110939.04-201573.44)	270.86 (192.37-358.9)	78.23 (56.37-102.43)	-4.56(-4.79 to -4.33)	283899.25 (212800.6-398231.01)	201858.97 (150740.44-264658.63)	343.82 (257.71-482.28)	102.7 (76.69-134.65)	-4.23(-4.4 to -4.05)
70+	213768.34 (145562.05-296753.35)	190420.04 (145301.11-245065.82)	969.58 (660.22-1345.97)	282.71 (215.72-363.84)	-4.39(-4.61 to -4.16)	214291.29 (158972.73-327358.37)	227264.3 (172529.16-282799.36)	1270.54 (942.55-1940.91)	404.21 (306.86-502.98)	-3.79(-3.93 to -3.66)
Eastern Europe	428544.4 (327871.3-547874.3)	127345.89 (89035.51-174943.72)	307.79 (229.12-405.27)	118.41 (77.55-173.81)	-3.54(-3.72 to -3.37)	376410.29 (296447.01-477880.93)	100572.78 (68565.14-141684.55)	351.62 (276.45-445.68)	113.55 (73.92-165.46)	-4.46(-4.71 to -4.21)
<5	11904.63 (6128.23-20164.46)	5836.69 (2846.39-10165.13)	141.11 (72.64-239.02)	118.67 (57.87-206.67)	-0.7(-0.85 to -0.54)	15037.65 (7803.11-25532.94)	7224.42 (3487.36-12441.3)	170.77 (88.61-289.96)	138.92 (67.06-239.24)	-0.87(-0.99 to -0.75)
5-14	37051.69 (20632-65478.82)	21814.68 (11361.97-39204.42)	220.09 (122.56-388.96)	177 (92.19-318.09)	-0.81(-0.88 to -0.74)	43970.73 (24858.27-75375.99)	25455.78 (13385.35-45779)	252.92 (142.98-433.56)	195.81 (102.96-352.14)	-1.06(-1.17 to -0.95)
15-49	136147.57 (91445.04-196786.23)	46760.4 (28604.98-71401.19)	246.22 (165.38-355.89)	96.93 (59.29-148)	-3.36(-3.51 to -3.22)	126564.84 (84684.9-185024.39)	40494.42 (24593.41-61830.4)	230.15 (153.99-336.45)	84.39 (51.25-128.86)	-3.85(-4.04 to -3.66)
50-69	172328.8 (134903.96-221018.68)	35253.7 (25404.24-47494.97)	598.13 (468.24-767.13)	115.92 (83.54-156.18)	-6.24(-6.53 to -5.95)	156477.91 (133405.56-184677.04)	19961.11 (15269.41-25844.47)	753 (641.97-888.7)	85.61 (65.49-110.84)	-8.45(-8.92 to -7.98)
70+	71111.71 (60153.32-85464.64)	17680.43 (14118.78-22300.58)	632.08 (534.68-759.66)	120.55 (96.26-152.05)	-6.44(-6.79 to -6.09)	34359.16 (30511.59-39262.86)	7437.05 (6120.73-9108.49)	881.11 (782.44-1006.86)	111.09 (91.43-136.06)	-7.91(-8.41 to -7.4)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	590935.91 (431947.26-747530.65)	752934.64 (536348.94-1111325.72)	668.88 (510.86-855.59)	419.24 (287.25-686.5)	-1.59(-1.63 to -1.56)	644134 (508035.16-806227.84)	721201.34 (553062.96-961793.12)	780.13 (593.46-1016.04)	421.62 (316.86-555.9)	-2.13(-2.17 to -2.08)
<5	219558.74 (127538.65-305969.6)	165685.19 (112453.14-243112.31)	1236.27 (718.13-1722.82)	528.84 (358.93-775.97)	-2.63(-2.75 to -2.51)	219911.5 (165670.21-288183.29)	138907.38 (98743.49-197007.21)	1199.96 (903.99-1572.48)	427.85 (304.14-606.81)	-3.29(-3.43 to -3.16)
5-14	116296.57 (76443.32-172706.22)	172514.85 (111894.98-264043.31)	433.37 (284.86-643.58)	305.07 (197.87-466.93)	-1.08(-1.17 to -0.99)	137463.39 (90556.29-203816.47)	188262.14 (117669.66-298408.15)	497.17 (327.52-737.15)	324.11 (202.58-513.73)	-1.43(-1.5 to -1.36)
15-49	160783.37 (120143.86-205534.83)	262537.06 (184807.25-402052.89)	372.61 (278.43-476.32)	245.13 (172.55-375.4)	-1.54(-1.6 to -1.48)	158750.97 (121585.11-206660.75)	248989.64 (187462.05-328259.35)	394.29 (301.98-513.29)	243.4 (183.25-320.89)	-1.73(-1.78 to -1.68)
50-69	67790.63 (47182.86-93851.73)	104751.51 (62821.96-195391.62)	987.53 (687.33-1367.17)	652.22 (391.15-1216.58)	-1.5(-1.56 to -1.44)	91983.74 (63211.18-132128.03)	104224.38 (70349.21-145313.49)	1340.41 (921.13-1925.4)	680.37 (459.24-948.6)	-2.39(-2.47 to -2.3)
70+	26506.59 (15513.52-48658.74)	47446.03 (24968.35-104422.32)	1701.67 (995.94-3123.8)	1258.47 (662.27-2769.73)	-1.06(-1.1 to -1.02)	36024.4 (23015.48-61391.59)	40817.81 (25102.99-62789.43)	2314.01 (1478.39-3943.46)	1308.23 (804.56-2012.44)	-2.03(-2.1 to -1.95)
High-income Asia Pacific	437355.8 (326614.15-576642.97)	164802.86 (116016.02-228174.22)	456.12 (337.1-610.26)	155.74 (101.62-225.91)	-3.64(-3.9 to -3.38)	414489.63 (319992.8-535497.14)	120941.05 (85136.9-167054.52)	513.45 (400-665.2)	131.24 (87.05-192.67)	-5.05(-5.38 to -4.73)
<5	16982 (10414.61-25773.57)	5841.88 (2991.28-9900.9)	344.56 (211.31-522.93)	185.7 (95.09-314.73)	-1.87(-2.32 to -1.42)	21987.81 (13542.22-32970.92)	7086.11 (3618.84-11782.56)	415.86 (256.13-623.59)	214.32 (109.45-356.36)	-2.47(-2.79 to -2.16)
5-14	39800.28 (24000.16-64625.27)	16638.32 (8796.91-29122.92)	327.75 (197.64-532.17)	213.82 (113.05-374.26)	-1.03(-1.47 to -0.59)	50129.41 (31456.95-79909.19)	17277.68 (9193.54-30530.7)	390.42 (244.99-622.35)	210.91 (112.23-372.69)	-2.57(-3.02 to -2.11)
15-49	138433.37 (88856.97-205727.32)	47226.19 (26886.73-75414.01)	302.65 (194.26-449.77)	124.15 (70.68-198.26)	-3.04(-3.15 to -2.92)	125915.23 (88612.13-175898.86)	30365.39 (17698.9-47812.43)	267.43 (188.2-373.59)	75.57 (44.05-118.99)	-4.52(-4.69 to -4.36)
50-69	115705.25 (83103.78-158040.38)	29689.62 (19626.92-42759.5)	647.17 (464.82-883.96)	118.47 (78.32-170.62)	-5.87(-6.09 to -5.65)	103148.33 (79565.42-134362.09)	23743.73 (16307.97-32957.79)	635.85 (490.48-828.27)	95.74 (65.76-132.89)	-6.76(-6.98 to -6.53)
70+	126434.9 (97254.69-162501.67)	65406.85 (47991.34-87545.53)	1822.3 (1401.73-2342.13)	324.29 (237.94-434.05)	-6.4(-6.84 to -5.95)	113308.85 (91164.86-143593.44)	42468.13 (32330.2-55012.94)	2624.39 (2111.51-3325.83)	287.53 (218.89-372.47)	-8.13(-8.59 to -7.67)
High-income North America	667341.54 (465092.18-926398.9)	856740.99 (582260.21-1212758.07)	459.06 (314.83-644.6)	441.64 (298.9-636.85)	0.58(0.24 to 0.92)	525381.02 (367214.13-745980.54)	631619.69 (431204.03-916874.51)	401.52 (279.04-578.75)	379.06 (258.66-558.85)	0.4(0.13 to 0.66)
<5	41443.96 (21343.36-70476.76)	36443.73 (19665.78-60453.24)	391.64 (201.69-666)	363.79 (196.31-603.46)	0.45(0.19 to 0.72)	59307.44 (31688.46-97281.02)	56236.59 (30833.63-91991.35)	534.31 (285.49-876.43)	536.57 (294.19-877.71)	0.41(0.27 to 0.55)
5-14	113027.61 (63684.07-192124.07)	116400.85 (69636.06-193791.92)	579.54 (326.53-985.09)	527.76 (315.73-878.64)	0.56(0.16 to 0.95)	139412.32 (80062.01-238476.22)	162591.78 (97607.79-269051.68)	680.3 (390.68-1163.71)	704.94 (423.19-1166.52)	0.71(0.47 to 0.96)
15-49	261940.17 (165440.32-393420.57)	335876.07 (213339.68-495433.48)	352.22 (222.46-529.02)	399.75 (253.91-589.65)	0.93(0.73 to 1.14)	176402.64 (113572.2-262528.71)	213468.97 (138199.71-313415.49)	236.28 (152.12-351.64)	252.2 (163.28-370.28)	0.58(0.44 to 0.73)
50-69	155230.21 (108797.33-214740.42)	239390.54 (160184.75-339322.39)	619.22 (434-856.61)	501.31 (335.44-710.58)	0.06(-0.47 to 0.59)	93031.48 (65533.21-129277.8)	133525.01 (90880.01-185667.3)	415.05 (292.37-576.76)	297.85 (202.72-414.16)	-0.17(-0.81 to 0.48)
70+	95699.59 (68202.9-131160.71)	128629.81 (87531.84-178825.21)	668.1 (476.14-915.67)	528.4 (359.57-734.59)	0.26(-0.39 to 0.92)	57227.13 (40619.65-78735.99)	65797.34 (44156.79-92133.66)	643.15 (456.51-884.88)	346.94 (232.83-485.81)	-0.81(-1.59 to -0.02)
Oceania	24296.75 (17387.01-34100.38)	43803.06 (29460.52-69879.37)	1285.34 (874.21-1950.42)	993.84 (638.04-1664.48)	-0.9(-0.96 to -0.84)	22899.27 (17203.22-31284.68)	32414.78 (24501.16-49907.72)	1138.08 (853.58-1746.98)	702.25 (522.07-1178.71)	-1.63(-1.68 to -1.58)
<5	2760.97 (1211.62-4981.43)	3165.91 (1564.49-5376.27)	572.79 (251.36-1033.44)	342.32 (169.16-581.32)	-1.73(-1.98 to -1.47)	2478.46 (1318.74-3838.41)	2849.47 (1477.97-4633.35)	474.66 (252.56-735.1)	282.23 (146.39-458.92)	-1.7(-1.98 to -1.42)
5-14	2657.52 (1756.17-3921.38)	3443.8 (2227.74-4944.96)	332.63 (219.81-490.82)	230.02 (148.79-330.28)	-1.31(-1.47 to -1.15)	3161.39 (2170.23-4330.18)	3632.64 (2542.4-5098.77)	360.59 (247.53-493.9)	220.26 (154.16-309.16)	-1.67(-1.81 to -1.52)
15-49	8885.16 (5820.32-13506.11)	16596.21 (9884.5-28728.99)	571.81 (374.57-869.19)	478.15 (284.78-827.7)	-0.65(-0.71 to -0.59)	7119.46 (4988.14-10230.55)	9268.6 (6404.22-14750.98)	433.77 (303.92-623.33)	257.18 (177.7-409.3)	-1.78(-1.83 to -1.72)
50-69	6572.83 (3565.47-11855.63)	13005.1 (6651.34-26631.8)	2416.24 (1310.71-4358.25)	1834.25 (938.11-3756.17)	-0.94(-0.99 to -0.9)	6537.44 (4138.02-11030.29)	10301.96 (6348.26-19086.51)	2186.84 (1384.21-3689.75)	1309.1 (806.69-2425.38)	-1.73(-1.77 to -1.69)
70+	3420.27 (1907.84-6275.47)	7592.03 (4267.8-13953.13)	6675.69 (3723.74-12248.49)	5601.47 (3148.82-10294.75)	-0.59(-0.72 to -0.46)	3602.51 (2333.86-6025.2)	6362.11 (3912.38-11797.21)	6832.63 (4426.48-11427.58)	4533.95 (2788.15-8407.27)	-1.37(-1.43 to -1.32)
Southeast Asia	1192255.06 (811349.2-1501577.33)	1193740.16 (999440.98-1485483.6)	627.89 (457.57-767.69)	351.06 (295.08-434.39)	-1.95(-2.04 to -1.86)	1358594.91 (1150328.47-1606826.46)	1368437.15 (1153767.45-1600603.52)	804.46 (684.99-967.86)	436.96 (370.92-509.93)	-1.94(-2.01 to -1.87)
<5	266392.69 (114222.44-394465.95)	105466.39 (79428.63-137155.85)	937.14 (401.82-1387.68)	386.37 (290.98-502.46)	-2.71(-2.78 to -2.64)	238047.85 (171255.01-310867.11)	90805.16 (66243.49-125718.28)	797.12 (573.46-1040.96)	313.26 (228.52-433.7)	-2.77(-2.89 to -2.64)
5-14	161744.44 (103227.4-234467.02)	102139.38 (68816.89-152771.29)	293.74 (187.47-425.81)	180.73 (121.76-270.31)	-1.41(-1.51 to -1.31)	222606.52 (154615.78-318870.7)	146086.57 (97384.31-221233.48)	387.86 (269.39-555.58)	244.08 (162.71-369.63)	-1.33(-1.43 to -1.23)
15-49	355797.86 (238994.74-455887.67)	375702.04 (294350.17-487729.75)	296.03 (198.85-379.31)	205.08 (160.67-266.23)	-1.19(-1.27 to -1.12)	381390.37 (312314.7-466067.64)	424003.55 (342703.12-522236.38)	327.63 (268.29-400.37)	226.01 (182.68-278.38)	-1.08(-1.15 to -1.02)
50-69	251387.28 (186115.57-326414.44)	356424.03 (282254.57-468318.23)	1023.36 (757.65-1328.79)	552.51 (437.54-725.97)	-2.28(-2.42 to -2.15)	322529.8 (259773-426750.55)	435326.11 (353050.45-528119.55)	1422.02 (1145.33-1881.52)	722.41 (585.87-876.39)	-2.36(-2.42 to -2.29)
70+	156932.79 (109947.18-228723.07)	254008.31 (199083.24-327409.61)	2559.26 (1793.02-3730.02)	1472.66 (1154.22-1898.21)	-1.97(-2.12 to -1.83)	194020.37 (153177.49-273139.7)	272215.76 (218959.87-333014.5)	4054.81 (3201.24-5708.32)	2121.81 (1706.7-2595.71)	-2.14(-2.26 to -2.02)
Southern Latin America	93988.29 (67132.84-128831.88)	107103.97 (73184.56-151019.92)	372.08 (265.71-510.22)	289.27 (193.72-420.62)	-0.91(-0.98 to -0.85)	78763.94 (55884.78-107485.51)	72051.39 (47744.14-105792.33)	337.73 (240.75-457.07)	222.24 (145.75-328.06)	-1.59(-1.66 to -1.52)
<5	5117.32 (2924.09-8327.01)	4548.06 (2306.49-7879.38)	202.01 (115.43-328.71)	217.24 (110.17-376.37)	0.28(0.13 to 0.44)	8511.92 (5074.25-13163.2)	6745.95 (3542.48-11323.69)	325.66 (194.14-503.62)	308.75 (162.13-518.27)	-0.17(-0.28 to -0.06)
5-14	12183.25 (7372.61-19426.18)	13492.72 (7175.25-23610.19)	251.83 (152.39-401.54)	269.45 (143.29-471.5)	0.47(0.19 to 0.75)	14707.88 (8836.02-23567.67)	15760.17 (8450.48-27974.2)	297.63 (178.81-476.92)	302.52 (162.21-536.97)	0.28(0.14 to 0.43)
15-49	40241.08 (25569.48-60688.22)	43116.24 (25679.49-66395.97)	324.71 (206.32-489.7)	247.37 (147.33-380.93)	-0.93(-1.04 to -0.81)	26136.09 (16914.7-39100.12)	24131.5 (14196.54-37507.64)	216.04 (139.81-323.2)	139.83 (82.26-217.34)	-1.65(-1.73 to -1.58)
50-69	24255.66 (17604.18-32831.25)	27033.88 (18553.14-38182.77)	612.81 (444.76-829.47)	395.15 (271.19-558.12)	-1.78(-1.92 to -1.63)	20096.52 (14648.77-26709.82)	15183.66 (10338.02-21453.37)	569.66 (415.23-757.12)	245.98 (167.48-347.55)	-3.36(-3.56 to -3.16)
70+	12190.99 (9375.43-16024.07)	18913.06 (13799.45-25672.11)	780.41 (600.17-1025.79)	580.83 (423.79-788.4)	-1.25(-1.44 to -1.06)	9311.53 (7062.85-12261.96)	10230.11 (7431.99-13996.07)	867.79 (658.22-1142.75)	456.46 (331.61-624.49)	-2.6(-2.78 to -2.41)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	133670.78 (109372.92-176102.87)	140878.49 (120992.7-162791.25)	614.08 (498.51-858.95)	381.85 (331.47-440.07)	-1.41(-1.8 to -1.02)	124651.95 (106821.24-145690.6)	146972.46 (128544.69-165272.19)	703.24 (603.01-817.28)	485.52 (429.13-537.01)	-1.41(-1.96 to -0.86)
<5	11870.11 (5755.23-17181.02)	5360.85 (3496.15-7547.91)	320.36 (155.33-463.69)	135.13 (88.13-190.26)	-1.95(-2.94 to -0.94)	15895.22 (10071.76-21086.69)	6798.86 (4719.37-9024.78)	421.89 (267.32-559.68)	167.38 (116.18-222.18)	-2.11(-3.12 to -1.09)
5-14	18926.19 (12561.65-29306.37)	14810.66 (9877.6-22670.85)	284.43 (188.78-440.43)	186.21 (124.19-285.03)	-1.73(-2.01 to -1.46)	19417.24 (13578.96-28659.91)	15095.88 (10624.27-21761.45)	295.89 (206.92-436.73)	186.76 (131.44-269.23)	-2(-2.42 to -1.58)
15-49	62901.06 (48420.98-83530.1)	52711.4 (41552.98-68394.64)	473.22 (364.28-628.42)	242.77 (191.38-315.01)	-2.03(-2.72 to -1.34)	46995.71 (38142.59-57177.28)	54547.55 (44696.87-64947.41)	377.03 (306-458.71)	254.2 (208.29-302.67)	-1.76(-2.4 to -1.13)
50-69	23850.26 (17363.98-38739.11)	41827.25 (34157.45-50747.69)	933.24 (679.43-1515.82)	721.78 (589.43-875.72)	-0.67(-1.02 to -0.31)	27711.82 (21939.07-35601.65)	49286.36 (41671.96-57903.02)	1308.34 (1035.79-1680.83)	1070.16 (904.83-1257.26)	-0.89(-1.55 to -0.22)
70+	16123.16 (10393.81-29318.47)	26168.33 (20133.09-32424.88)	2044.72 (1318.13-3718.13)	1563.69 (1203.05-1937.55)	-0.95(-1.39 to -0.52)	14631.96 (11435.99-19949.05)	21243.82 (17752.61-24896.34)	2871.09 (2243.97-3914.41)	2138.49 (1787.05-2506.17)	-1.16(-1.75 to -0.57)
Tropical Latin America	324155.69 (221028.04-462356.05)	247773.93 (171234.22-349465.37)	407.96 (288.55-569.37)	232.84 (157.79-336.01)	-2.17(-2.31 to -2.02)	314174.44 (212078.12-455021.78)	204046.29 (136096.65-299170.18)	391.72 (273.53-549.59)	204.18 (134.03-303.12)	-2.35(-2.46 to -2.24)
<5	89894.77 (59273.99-131927.23)	33094.21 (20386.53-50334.57)	1071.09 (706.24-1571.9)	393.9 (242.65-599.1)	-3.5(-3.64 to -3.36)	105846.89 (70100.52-154851.72)	38031.05 (21961.2-59770.75)	1218.55 (807.02-1782.71)	431.88 (249.39-678.75)	-3.41(-3.57 to -3.26)
5-14	107285.35 (59895.43-178249.07)	66605.39 (36901.81-115183.51)	593.72 (331.46-986.44)	412.5 (228.54-713.36)	-1.06(-1.41 to -0.7)	119541.34 (67574.87-197765.1)	72725.95 (39882.87-127423.09)	647.4 (365.97-1071.04)	431.89 (236.85-756.72)	-1.39(-1.57 to -1.21)
15-49	88768.83 (55653.43-134076.85)	92455.64 (59110.4-138127.65)	222.53 (139.51-336.11)	152.53 (97.52-227.89)	-1.8(-2.11 to -1.49)	57277.54 (35745.72-87658.61)	60842.52 (38202.58-91596.06)	148.28 (92.54-226.93)	102.75 (64.51-154.68)	-1.63(-1.93 to -1.32)
50-69	25670.29 (20336.54-32299.09)	34008.34 (26651.48-43215.7)	307.64 (243.72-387.09)	148.57 (116.43-188.8)	-3.31(-3.7 to -2.91)	21322.98 (16966.91-26988.6)	21512.31 (16536.35-27720.84)	276.64 (220.12-350.14)	106.24 (81.66-136.9)	-3.78(-4.08 to -3.49)
70+	12536.45 (10336.56-14940.39)	21610.35 (17535.43-26434.35)	517.51 (426.7-616.75)	260.28 (211.2-318.38)	-2.59(-2.82 to -2.37)	10185.69 (8523.44-12281.1)	10934.46 (8914.06-13495.11)	524 (438.49-631.8)	180.42 (147.08-222.67)	-3.79(-4.01 to -3.57)
Western Europe	1044699.58 (735977.34-1415657.77)	662201.19 (457387-915468.32)	456.36 (316-632.08)	282.45 (184.43-401.64)	-1.43(-1.62 to -1.25)	955048.93 (688143.13-1290555.2)	443669.26 (296580.75-629338.53)	470.21 (332.54-645.35)	213.45 (136.29-313.58)	-2.55(-2.77 to -2.32)
<5	17991.95 (10370.19-28448.5)	16331.04 (8588.84-26833.12)	160.83 (92.7-254.3)	157.8 (82.99-259.27)	0.02(-0.14 to 0.17)	32069.63 (19090.16-50048.93)	25230.68 (13495.02-41175.74)	272.47 (162.2-425.23)	231.9 (124.04-378.46)	-0.35(-0.53 to -0.17)
5-14	58636.07 (33985.08-93375.16)	55535.52 (30807.46-92949.2)	250.37 (145.11-398.7)	243.19 (134.91-407.02)	-0.07(-0.21 to 0.07)	79258.03 (46276.43-122810.18)	64827.5 (35850.44-109926.08)	321.65 (187.8-498.39)	269.52 (149.05-457.02)	-0.53(-0.62 to -0.44)
15-49	433499.9 (272144.45-651150.39)	287470.63 (173260.75-438276.78)	453.7 (284.82-681.49)	308.51 (185.94-470.36)	-1.02(-1.22 to -0.82)	387256.39 (251793.3-572940.47)	183776.87 (111032.84-278286.03)	395.69 (257.28-585.42)	192.78 (116.47-291.91)	-2.26(-2.43 to -2.09)
50-69	337827.77 (244046.54-460943.64)	178185.8 (123992.56-247417.14)	779.56 (563.15-1063.66)	304.04 (211.57-422.17)	-3.06(-3.28 to -2.83)	296828.25 (220414.06-399278.05)	106705.11 (72955.99-148730.3)	755.37 (560.91-1016.08)	189.33 (129.45-263.9)	-4.65(-4.95 to -4.34)
70+	196743.88 (155333.86-250835.97)	124678.2 (95515.33-159295.75)	829.76 (655.11-1057.89)	332.72 (254.89-425.1)	-3.23(-3.52 to -2.94)	159636.63 (128035.56-199984.54)	63129.11 (46660.39-83109.57)	1170.81 (939.04-1466.73)	222.88 (164.74-293.43)	-5.82(-6.24 to -5.39)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	430574.24 (331652.6-546995.57)	726724.28 (565310.2-953723.96)	591.16 (469.67-726.51)	392.95 (319.31-511.79)	-1.31(-1.36 to -1.26)	476259.23 (382111.4-602224.29)	681008.46 (523865.38-882166.9)	626.99 (497.25-819.59)	366.11 (287.45-473.99)	-1.7(-1.75 to -1.65)
<5	93125.77 (58660.2-128924.75)	112138.85 (76978-159661.05)	523.74 (329.91-725.08)	284.69 (195.43-405.34)	-2.05(-2.1 to -2.01)	117176.06 (87103.75-153665.36)	128110.38 (89946.27-181477.02)	652.3 (484.89-855.43)	315.78 (221.71-447.33)	-2.36(-2.4 to -2.31)
5-14	78094.88 (48400.86-124613.42)	153554.39 (93553.9-249491.17)	294.98 (182.82-470.7)	228.14 (138.99-370.67)	-0.85(-0.91 to -0.79)	87581.32 (56943.14-137586.03)	183035.7 (113266.65-291639.08)	341.3 (221.9-536.16)	271.17 (167.81-432.07)	-0.82(-0.85 to -0.78)
15-49	132645.48 (100843.8-173068.67)	257084.15 (188580.38-353702.56)	304.2 (231.27-396.9)	214.43 (157.29-295.02)	-1.16(-1.21 to -1.11)	126398.91 (97116.52-168239.78)	209645.26 (158591.34-274609.83)	300.94 (231.22-400.56)	191.59 (144.93-250.96)	-1.4(-1.47 to -1.33)
50-69	82369.46 (63345.99-103920.96)	142441.08 (111139.23-190489.47)	1149.84 (884.28-1450.69)	714.07 (557.15-954.94)	-1.53(-1.61 to -1.45)	108850.42 (79787.53-154958.85)	117533.17 (87583.98-160845.71)	1282.06 (939.75-1825.13)	665.82 (496.16-911.19)	-2.1(-2.16 to -2.04)
70+	44338.65 (33413.31-58306.46)	61505.81 (47201.72-86854.79)	2053.74 (1547.68-2700.71)	1434.92 (1101.21-2026.31)	-1.05(-1.1 to -1)	36252.52 (26248.73-57050.75)	42683.95 (32555.37-57181.5)	1949.1 (1411.25-3067.3)	1104.84 (842.67-1480.1)	-1.71(-1.78 to -1.63)

ASDR age-standardized DALYs rate, CI confidential interval, DALYs disability-Adjusted Life Years, EAPC estimated annual percentage change, UI uncertainty interval

Globally, in 2021, the total number of asthma cases was 124,909,241 (95%UI: 108,048,981.37–145,383,228.64) for males and 135,569,944 (95%UI: 119,256,965.49–154,013,403.14) for females (Table 4). The ASPR of asthma was 3228.13 (95%UI: 2786.59–3774.12.59.12) per 100,000 people in males and 3443.46 (95% UI: 3009.46–3923.24.46.24) per 100,000 people in females(Table 4). In 2021, the ASPR of asthma was lowest in the 15–49 age group, with a minimum of 2002.88 cases per 100,000 individuals(95%UI:1528–2572.88.88) in males and 2612.41 cases per 100,000 individuals (95%UI: 1995.12–3342.98.12.98) in females(Table 4; Fig. 1d). Conversely, the highest prevalence rates of asthma in males occurred in the 5–14 age group, reaching a peak of 5337.86 per 100,000 population (95%UI: 3797.53–7628.58.53.58), while the highest prevalence rates in females was observed in the older population aged 70 years and older, with an ASPR of 5364.87 per 100,000 population (95%UI: 4489.25–6371.98.25.98) (Table 4; Fig. 1d). Furthermore, it was noted that male constituted the primary affected group among children under 15 years of age, with a reversal occurring after puberty, where females became the predominant group affected.

Table 4.

Prevalence of asthma in 1990 and 2021 by sex,age and region, with temporal trend

	Female					Male
	Number of prevalance in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of prevalance in 2021(95% UI)	ASPR(per 100000 population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASPR(per 100000 population) in 2021 (95%UI)	EAPC，1990-2021(95% CI)	Number of prevalance in 1990 (95% UI)	Number of prevalance in 2021(95% UI)	ASPR(per 100000 population) in 1990 (95% UI)	ASPR(per 100000 population) in 2021 (95%UI)	EAPC，1990-2021(95% CI)
Global	145065256.54 (126992364.79-165833410.58)	135569944.9 (119256965.49-154013403.14)	5660.01 (5004.53-6444.65)	3443.46 (3009.46-3923.24)	-1.55(-1.71 to -1.39)	142235631.51 (122279533.54-166723687.59)	124909241.99 (108048981.37-145383228.64)	5487.64 (4803.65-6320.46)	3228.13 (2786.59-3774.12)	-1.64(-1.8 to -1.48)
<5	18674903.08 (13765309.26-24927757.1)	13220811.49 (9546862.94-17927020.25)	6216.67 (4582.32-8298.17)	4154.97 (3000.34-5634.02)	-1.3(-1.45 to -1.16)	23435031.79 (17258010.62-31233108.98)	16207976.44 (11531873.54-22288521.91)	7334.05 (5400.94-9774.48)	4767.34 (3391.93-6555.85)	-1.32(-1.46 to -1.18)
5-14	33356317.94 (24139980.14-47183483.96)	29024210.37 (20645347.76-41505645.94)	6117.52 (4427.25-8653.41)	4427.78 (3149.54-6331.88)	-0.78(-1.02 to -0.54)	43411183.44 (31622452.55-61264241.69)	37268187.53 (26513844.3-53261719.28)	7563.52 (5509.58-10674.06)	5337.86 (3797.53-7628.58)	-0.82(-1.04 to -0.61)
15-49	52353918.72 (38972752.29-68200537.73)	50912062.39 (38882058.09-65149834.28)	3914.72 (2914.15-5099.63)	2612.41 (1995.12-3342.98)	-1.35(-1.46 to -1.24)	43401555.51 (32539532.43-56560576.46)	40052139.41 (30555889.26-51450615.4)	3160.81 (2369.76-4119.15)	2002.88 (1528-2572.88)	-1.53(-1.64 to -1.43)
50-69	27667261.92 (22579085.99-33954751.45)	27555113.71 (22718701.34-33351551.28)	8006.27 (6533.87-9825.72)	3761.97 (3101.67-4553.32)	-2.43(-2.62 to -2.24)	22186676.56 (17949808.55-27461396.21)	20679330.62 (17006385.31-25040514.74)	6594.93 (5335.54-8162.83)	2937.09 (2415.42-3556.51)	-2.68(-2.88 to -2.48)
70+	13012854.88 (10693415.88-15589143.2)	14857746.93 (12432763.09-17646883.96)	10908.69 (8964.3-13068.39)	5364.87 (4489.25-6371.98)	-2.31(-2.53 to -2.09)	9801184.22 (8020088.75-11888338.62)	10701607.99 (8901374.11-12754744.59)	11848.91 (9695.7-14372.12)	4922.02 (4094.03-5866.32)	-2.9(-3.11 to -2.68)
High SDI	46561712.42 (41429484.15-52481404.98)	41218982.87 (36779426-46137244.36)	9813.2 (8645.49-11213.02)	7400.21 (6435.54-8547.4)	-0.55(-0.8 to -0.3)	38059271 (33265203.9-43436067.11)	29980392.49 (26402935.73-33934130.58)	8891.85 (7708.67-10217.59)	6115.52 (5223.42-7199.62)	-0.98(-1.2 to -0.75)
<5	1950622.38 (1233033.21-2808716.91)	1653673.46 (1056227.4-2366429.1)	6495 (4105.64-9352.21)	6304.9 (4027.04-9022.39)	0.28(0.08 to 0.48)	2865148.18 (1878004.64-4039123.7)	2476174.08 (1605666.35-3522251.13)	9044.2 (5928.16-12750)	8965.86 (5813.88-12753.55)	0.14(0.04 to 0.24)
5-14	5271759.49 (3679433.04-7812405.45)	4989081.68 (3539186.2-7244254.64)	8719.31 (6085.66-12921.45)	8639.11 (6128.47-12544.18)	0.51(0.22 to 0.8)	6616997.74 (4680005.55-9639115.62)	6550815.05 (4683994.93-9417597.14)	10398.37 (7354.45-15147.51)	10749.55 (7686.19-15453.79)	0.44(0.28 to 0.61)
15-49	19380118.56 (14389328.87-25321598.28)	16746262.82 (12730926.37-21426491.28)	8548.54 (6347.11-11169.32)	6887 (5235.67-8811.77)	-0.42(-0.6 to -0.25)	14878060.37 (11304409.2-19170663.99)	10806634.32 (8207297.4-13815115.84)	6354.16 (4827.92-8187.46)	4171.23 (3167.92-5332.47)	-1.23(-1.39 to -1.08)
50-69	12880364.83 (10744197.15-15474235.94)	11028260.27 (9114117.59-13263110.36)	15031.02 (12538.17-18057.99)	7892.69 (6522.78-9492.12)	-1.72(-2.09 to -1.34)	8833341.78 (7280782.93-10743319.68)	6355016.81 (5287010.69-7615995.04)	11306.85 (9319.55-13751.66)	4670.42 (3885.52-5597.13)	-2.66(-3.06 to -2.25)
70+	7078847.16 (5917961.11-8393542.62)	6801704.63 (5740708.43-7978981.54)	16369.76 (13685.22-19409.98)	8346.48 (7044.52-9791.14)	-1.96(-2.36 to -1.57)	4865722.93 (4034296.48-5761842.91)	3791752.23 (3201619.1-4430893.05)	18849.56 (15628.65-22321.08)	6116.81 (5164.82-7147.87)	-3.52(-3.94 to -3.1)
High-middle SDI	25587793.59 (22307332.38-29090102.15)	18218164.49 (15767431.13-21095966.03)	4789.76 (4166.69-5465.5)	2851.79 (2383.59-3417.08)	-1.85(-2.01 to -1.69)	23398054.31 (20041125.36-27360469.94)	16217156.76 (13798705.28-19226698.46)	4686.03 (4045.09-5455.11)	2736.34 (2253.13-3379.21)	-1.85(-2.01 to -1.69)
<5	2068383.35 (1398789.57-2905887.35)	1154392.51 (713988.52-1714999.67)	4637.59 (3136.27-6515.39)	3464.77 (2142.95-5147.37)	-1.06(-1.24 to -0.87)	2538083.14 (1695122.68-3554785.74)	1561743.39 (974261.27-2301315.16)	5254.58 (3509.4-7359.45)	4252.32 (2652.72-6266.03)	-0.67(-0.81 to -0.52)
5-14	4025046.99 (2724493.93-6041021.42)	2958043.76 (1952608.31-4600086.31)	4579.42 (3099.74-6873.05)	3859.17 (2547.44-6001.44)	-0.42(-0.7 to -0.14)	5171358.92 (3550611.45-7787541.01)	3939812.02 (2609963.18-6059145.21)	5571.02 (3825.01-8389.38)	4679.34 (3099.87-7196.49)	-0.42(-0.65 to -0.18)
15-49	9712551.76 (6939473.95-13250389.14)	7033540.16 (5017865.75-9471759.86)	3496.82 (2498.43-4770.55)	2305.11 (1644.51-3104.19)	-1.63(-1.78 to -1.48)	8439377.47 (6038140.77-11407983.73)	5844455.57 (4137526.43-7887570.32)	2944.06 (2106.39-3979.65)	1801.35 (1275.25-2431.07)	-1.83(-1.95 to -1.71)
50-69	6904719.01 (5581836.1-8516407.92)	4379446.56 (3574949.37-5303942.05)	7541.49 (6096.6-9301.81)	2609.97 (2130.52-3160.93)	-3.86(-4.02 to -3.7)	5223042.76 (4240269.91-6411033.76)	3028181.48 (2491616.44-3667107.35)	6332.62 (5141.07-7772.98)	1912.13 (1573.32-2315.58)	-4.35(-4.58 to -4.13)
70+	2877092.48 (2377198.93-3427777.85)	2692741.49 (2310119.73-3146552.24)	8859.7 (7320.33-10555.48)	3926.54 (3368.6-4588.28)	-2.98(-3.12 to -2.83)	2026192.01 (1699189.05-2393471.08)	1842964.3 (1551193.94-2160144.22)	10670.77 (8948.64-12605.01)	3774.74 (3177.14-4424.38)	-3.73(-3.93 to -3.53)
Middle SDI	34552448.76 (29290091.38-40727755.41)	29679399.4 (25606023.06-34112625.84)	4153.07 (3624.28-4819.15)	2557.88 (2177.85-3004.11)	-1.64(-1.76 to -1.53)	37460382.53 (31355453.56-45356428.62)	32160682.22 (27504840.79-38143399.12)	4277.09 (3688.4-5055.45)	2767.49 (2354.04-3321.39)	-1.4(-1.51 to -1.28)
<5	6465500.14 (4756365.45-8649674.57)	3321784.45 (2291052.18-4606522.07)	6691.12 (4922.34-8951.52)	3927 (2708.47-5445.81)	-1.72(-1.92 to -1.51)	7919567.16 (5760848.41-10707119.53)	4240430.98 (2873871.45-5910583.62)	7621.73 (5544.19-10304.45)	4607.72 (3122.79-6422.53)	-1.55(-1.75 to -1.35)
5-14	10803794.58 (7740400.58-15481160.81)	7506466.46 (5188055.6-11125336.02)	5888.64 (4218.93-8438.05)	4008.73 (2770.62-5941.34)	-1(-1.28 to -0.71)	14055405.74 (10111881.34-20062089.07)	10062811.23 (6979583.2-14665270.63)	7274.69 (5233.63-10383.59)	4957.27 (3438.37-7224.59)	-0.95(-1.19 to -0.7)
15-49	11647759.84 (8385127.75-15662561.84)	10872322.49 (7952896.06-14441115.86)	2605.39 (1875.6-3503.43)	1757.95 (1285.9-2334.99)	-1.52(-1.63 to -1.42)	10240770 (7414181.24-13770890.36)	10102112 (7439625.35-13303754.4)	2209.27 (1599.48-2970.83)	1586.89 (1168.66-2089.82)	-1.21(-1.27 to -1.15)
50-69	3873660.16 (3020750-4940297.78)	5286078.92 (4276009.53-6514696.5)	4156.11 (3241.01-5300.53)	2134.5 (1726.64-2630.61)	-2.49(-2.61 to -2.37)	3722206.01 (2877081.75-4790168.24)	5152015.42 (4149542.79-6336508.26)	3869.5 (2990.93-4979.72)	2164.93 (1743.68-2662.67)	-2.17(-2.28 to -2.07)
70+	1761734.04 (1349624.32-2239186.39)	2692747.09 (2163686.38-3311432.94)	6914.36 (5296.94-8788.24)	3479.54 (2795.89-4279)	-2.5(-2.6 to -2.41)	1522433.61 (1161015.14-1945211.25)	2603312.58 (2101829.43-3165654.14)	7530.94 (5743.13-9622.27)	4092.89 (3304.46-4976.99)	-2.26(-2.35 to -2.17)
Low-middle SDI	23940750.37 (20596561.65-27911991.57)	24570858.02 (21477532.65-27857712.19)	4210.44 (3709.44-4798.43)	2687.19 (2367.41-3022.67)	-1.45(-1.58 to -1.32)	28339728.25 (24118345.29-33562733.68)	25177894.4 (21753649.19-29498821.84)	4596.74 (4035.76-5300.56)	2740.01 (2408.73-3164.53)	-1.54(-1.69 to -1.39)
<5	4457974.17 (3342400.32-5866795.86)	2476685.6 (1748426.54-3368166.71)	5284.77 (3962.3-6954.88)	2667.7 (1883.27-3627.94)	-2.21(-2.39 to -2.02)	5933949.46 (4463816.2-7625625.83)	3096140.88 (2165975.35-4261899.06)	6657.8 (5008.33-8555.83)	3135.71 (2193.66-4316.36)	-2.29(-2.49 to -2.08)
5-14	8471732.49 (6023856.49-11962502.27)	6246883.83 (4355909.82-9087932.84)	5832.99 (4147.57-8236.46)	3314.2 (2310.97-4821.49)	-1.56(-1.84 to -1.28)	11647615.75 (8349918.84-16276709.09)	8011533.17 (5634430.48-11572916.18)	7593.42 (5443.56-10611.26)	4010.28 (2820.39-5792.97)	-1.61(-1.92 to -1.3)
15-49	7318973.12 (5452510.69-9523175.27)	9075296.39 (6920338.25-11596618.66)	2681.76 (1997.87-3489.41)	1792.58 (1366.92-2290.6)	-1.43(-1.55 to -1.32)	6564965.1 (4899023.42-8587543.49)	7685422.61 (5859618.78-9845081.58)	2359.97 (1761.1-3087.05)	1507 (1148.99-1930.48)	-1.57(-1.69 to -1.44)
50-69	2748709.04 (2136420.57-3537299.48)	4754289.35 (3832102.62-5829567.79)	5054.87 (3928.87-6505.09)	3656.74 (2947.44-4483.78)	-1.18(-1.31 to -1.05)	3164502.09 (2439134.88-4089322.35)	4496355.32 (3622367.94-5510053.47)	5493.89 (4234.58-7099.47)	3599.68 (2899.98-4411.22)	-1.35(-1.46 to -1.24)
70+	943361.56 (711051.83-1221833.71)	2017702.85 (1604974.96-2501706.59)	7108.15 (5357.72-9206.42)	5341.81 (4249.13-6623.2)	-0.91(-0.99 to -0.83)	1028695.84 (779129.15-1331132.08)	1888442.42 (1517974.51-2332752.06)	7941.91 (6015.16-10276.83)	5842.34 (4696.21-7216.92)	-0.98(-1.08 to -0.88)
Low SDI	14222785.27 (12300814.31-16499726.77)	21718379.07 (18875516.49-24739548.26)	5431.13 (4855.84-6061.53)	3860.02 (3464-4271.18)	-1.17(-1.23 to -1.1)	14800440.65 (12497932.58-17401003.96)	21230482.02 (18055853.56-24795771.17)	5218.31 (4590.28-5913.46)	3543.59 (3121.01-4000.83)	-1.27(-1.34 to -1.2)
<5	3708660.83 (2816033.73-4754957.65)	4594891.71 (3555935.04-5777281.91)	8327.44 (6323.13-10676.79)	5674.81 (4391.67-7135.09)	-1.32(-1.41 to -1.23)	4147598.38 (3146853.93-5299993.02)	4806748.38 (3643481.09-6092140.36)	8965.82 (6802.52-11456.94)	5681.38 (4306.45-7200.66)	-1.49(-1.58 to -1.39)
5-14	4750243.42 (3533766.91-6349690.6)	7290972.34 (5385034.75-9865812.78)	7014.49 (5218.17-9376.32)	5032.49 (3716.94-6809.74)	-0.98(-1.09 to -0.87)	5876597.63 (4360455.34-7878194.49)	8660687.61 (6382475.44-11906940.41)	8347.75 (6194.06-11191.03)	5782.57 (4261.45-7950.03)	-1.04(-1.17 to -0.92)
15-49	4216811.12 (3310750.76-5251937.48)	7120618.07 (5679585.61-8730977.34)	3775.62 (2964.35-4702.44)	2595.82 (2070.49-3182.87)	-1.33(-1.39 to -1.27)	3222259.54 (2501805.65-4056430.15)	5569152.06 (4430584.06-6881477.12)	2946.56 (2287.75-3709.36)	2077.51 (1652.78-2567.06)	-1.24(-1.29 to -1.19)
50-69	1214251.83 (968534.82-1511798.08)	2075030.07 (1704647.76-2491354.31)	5967.83 (4760.17-7430.21)	4446.25 (3652.62-5338.33)	-1.11(-1.17 to -1.04)	1209926.89 (948687.13-1523889.36)	1627965.32 (1333032.28-1961902.32)	5584.34 (4378.6-7033.41)	3525.67 (2886.94-4248.87)	-1.59(-1.65 to -1.53)
70+	332818.08 (257333.18-422602.85)	636866.87 (514534.22-785282.18)	7111.4 (5498.5-9029.85)	5564.13 (4495.34-6860.79)	-0.83(-0.89 to -0.77)	344058.22 (265568.54-438482.14)	565928.65 (460272.72-694838.56)	7395.84 (5708.63-9425.57)	5395.99 (4388.59-6625.12)	-1.09(-1.18 to -1.01)
North Africa and Middle East	8569213.29 (7452014.58-9755716.87)	10565626.54 (9331948.94-11955858)	5527.68 (4942.92-6160.59)	3718.44 (3328.06-4169.18)	-1.44(-1.47 to -1.41)	8605608.41 (7297091.8-9971470.01)	10182768.62 (8758879.61-11859198.22)	4871.44 (4296.33-5475.82)	3263.94 (2846.99-3785.2)	-1.38(-1.41 to -1.36)
<5	1744980.56 (1318406.92-2300911.66)	1193134.41 (843468.55-1633489.98)	6982.27 (5275.4-9206.74)	4020.78 (2842.43-5504.74)	-1.94(-2 to -1.88)	2059170.83 (1545755.09-2645360.97)	1479377.56 (1032270.58-2039695.19)	7848.04 (5891.28-10082.17)	4701.98 (3280.92-6482.87)	-1.7(-1.76 to -1.63)
5-14	2209442.58 (1625791.26-2993794.16)	2209442.23 (1579754.08-3133583.76)	5080.15 (3738.17-6883.6)	3734.59 (2670.24-5296.66)	-0.95(-1.01 to -0.88)	2843962.3 (2104876.64-3818790.46)	2869266.57 (2020160.31-4089578.34)	6214.39 (4599.4-8344.51)	4552.7 (3205.41-6488.99)	-0.96(-1.02 to -0.9)
15-49	3064850.23 (2294312.54-3999304.94)	4392405.7 (3320261.87-5722879.64)	3923.01 (2936.72-5119.11)	2756.53 (2083.69-3591.49)	-1.33(-1.41 to -1.25)	2462613.7 (1819020.84-3239927.05)	3878851.38 (2904810.31-5052261.7)	2997.79 (2214.33-3944.03)	2216.67 (1660.03-2887.24)	-1.06(-1.11 to -1.01)
50-69	1169338.36 (945532.57-1431336.51)	1868948.73 (1549367.91-2230726.05)	7689.59 (6217.84-9412.5)	4552.42 (3773.98-5433.64)	-2.07(-2.19 to -1.95)	933384.92 (744828.89-1163665)	1403443.5 (1152138.83-1685240.5)	5831.66 (4653.59-7270.42)	3192.64 (2620.95-3833.68)	-2.3(-2.42 to -2.18)
70+	380601.56 (304058.48-475614.23)	901695.46 (759383.58-1081297.7)	10451.6 (8349.67-13060.72)	8674.38 (7305.33-10402.17)	-0.7(-0.76 to -0.63)	306476.64 (239872.84-381661.54)	551829.6 (455955.47-660118.75)	8560.59 (6700.19-10660.67)	5552.09 (4587.47-6641.61)	-1.64(-1.72 to -1.56)
South Asia	18395022.68 (15271821-22271239.84)	18926409.24 (16503009.65-21527763.46)	3677.62 (3142.56-4266.36)	2214.69 (1939.86-2512.8)	-1.46(-1.58 to -1.33)	23681055.5 (19461198.84-29026799.2)	20083315.19 (17275345-23663514.29)	4234.62 (3563.87-4991.32)	2311.83 (2009.92-2686.03)	-1.57(-1.72 to -1.43)
<5	2148684.09 (1504158.11-2978094.81)	1049915.85 (670846.79-1538293.94)	2837.47 (1986.33-3932.76)	1382.7 (883.48-2025.88)	-1.82(-2.27 to -1.36)	3127238.23 (2245525.4-4251966.01)	1437446.38 (978550.76-2047307.22)	3846.52 (2762.01-5229.95)	1738.95 (1183.8-2476.73)	-1.71(-2.27 to -1.15)
5-14	7244923.99 (4750381.11-10563464.68)	4322015.6 (2749942.3-6522206.13)	5465.14 (3583.4-7968.44)	2588.52 (1646.98-3906.25)	-1.78(-2.29 to -1.27)	10515561.08 (6981105.35-15253486.84)	5625453.86 (3655021.62-8546488.25)	7314.16 (4855.75-10609.65)	3100.12 (2014.24-4709.87)	-1.74(-2.35 to -1.14)
15-49	5674986.93 (4136209.36-7565149.4)	6786099.22 (5138380.58-8780849.08)	2226.43 (1622.73-2967.98)	1373.32 (1039.87-1777.01)	-1.64(-1.86 to -1.42)	5670388.66 (4087157.49-7706748.91)	6096528.11 (4544644.69-7968009.24)	2068.41 (1490.89-2811.22)	1189.39 (886.63-1554.51)	-1.89(-2.14 to -1.64)
50-69	2466748.5 (1862911.42-3272057.68)	4604154.76 (3624540.47-5752077.82)	4890.5 (3693.35-6487.08)	3538.41 (2785.55-4420.62)	-1.1(-1.24 to -0.95)	3303995.33 (2498833.38-4362360.45)	4748915.51 (3743867.14-5921217.27)	5787.4 (4377.05-7641.28)	3666.97 (2890.9-4572.19)	-1.36(-1.49 to -1.23)
70+	859679.17 (623784.57-1143613.53)	2164223.81 (1687376.07-2730345.66)	7488.27 (5433.5-9961.49)	5630.37 (4389.82-7103.18)	-0.78(-0.91 to -0.66)	1063872.2 (789380.18-1391523.3)	2174971.33 (1724320.47-2718652.91)	8860.17 (6574.14-11588.92)	6254.21 (4958.34-7817.58)	-1.06(-1.21 to -0.91)
Andean Latin America	1760563.17 (1427894.28-2103839.02)	1309183.61 (1041450.04-1643126.38)	7514.21 (6212.47-8909.22)	4128.72 (3282.89-5177.42)	-1.95(-2.16 to -1.74)	1721937.02 (1396932.76-2079873.04)	1297586.06 (1027239.08-1653992.59)	7023.78 (5743.55-8374.5)	3957.73 (3136.51-5048.51)	-1.86(-2.05 to -1.67)
<5	689457.27 (536507.27-864268.58)	311930.43 (219219.14-433426.58)	26567.25 (20673.54-33303.35)	10408.4 (7314.84-14462.45)	-3.19(-3.47 to -2.9)	712973.46 (556356.79-899489.57)	354597.84 (249479.85-491842.45)	26540.56 (20710.48-33483.65)	11225.37 (7897.69-15570.07)	-2.93(-3.23 to -2.63)
5-14	724735.18 (541564.14-972627.78)	509687.34 (344777.02-743029.71)	15315.89 (11444.92-20554.63)	8825.49 (5969.98-12865.93)	-1.77(-2.02 to -1.51)	768986.38 (583140.69-1017694.46)	600525.83 (417004.09-873104.92)	15892.67 (12051.79-21032.74)	9742.76 (6765.36-14165.01)	-1.54(-1.72 to -1.37)
15-49	289822.85 (202485.11-399590.17)	382022.61 (260292.59-535325.24)	3055.83 (2134.96-4213.19)	2188.94 (1491.44-3067.35)	-1(-1.12 to -0.89)	203013.24 (144945.3-275703.76)	274193.97 (186560.86-381070.85)	2218.42 (1583.89-3012.75)	1564.51 (1064.49-2174.33)	-1.1(-1.2 to -1.01)
50-69	39406.08 (31164.88-49653.79)	70855.75 (55160.42-89456.44)	2236.07 (1768.43-2817.57)	1409.82 (1097.53-1779.92)	-1.61(-1.67 to -1.56)	25827.85 (20255.77-33029.89)	46624.54 (35865.33-59513.7)	1498.88 (1175.51-1916.84)	980.74 (754.42-1251.86)	-1.48(-1.52 to -1.43)
70+	17141.8 (13314.21-21377.51)	34687.49 (28312.19-42264.53)	3179.65 (2469.66-3965.33)	1973.77 (1611-2404.91)	-1.72(-1.77 to -1.66)	11136.09 (8675.11-14167.11)	21643.88 (17726.01-26052.61)	2313.55 (1802.28-2943.26)	1421.23 (1163.97-1710.73)	-1.68(-1.74 to -1.62)
Australasia	1383477.48 (1255837.29-1530351.98)	1270222.24 (1102749.3-1464091.24)	13260.68 (12087.19-14656.82)	8296.66 (7030.96-9807.43)	-1.87(-2.1 to -1.63)	1237028.63 (1118338.59-1364686.43)	984690.75 (835097.02-1149594.71)	12498.21 (11371.84-13765.58)	7153.73 (5869.5-8581.33)	-2.02(-2.18 to -1.86)
<5	60661.55 (44862.08-77097.26)	59067.8 (38637.66-86013.99)	8073.08 (5970.43-10260.41)	6694.72 (4379.18-9748.79)	-1.05(-1.31 to -0.8)	120992.06 (95849.52-150196.55)	104627.85 (67549.17-148758.41)	15298.59 (12119.49-18991.29)	11205.13 (7234.19-15931.3)	-1.59(-1.87 to -1.32)
5-14	178640.65 (145154.8-221228)	190076.14 (132376.29-267607.07)	12050.53 (9791.68-14923.33)	9992.99 (6959.5-14069.07)	-0.75(-0.79 to -0.7)	227873.63 (189345.52-278047.5)	233330.46 (158568.59-334647.68)	14595.57 (12127.8-17809.26)	11591.19 (7877.23-16624.33)	-0.6(-0.69 to -0.51)
15-49	735765.01 (617383.87-862376.13)	594391.92 (466638.15-745141.66)	13707.91 (11502.37-16066.78)	8233.62 (6463.95-10321.83)	-2.2(-2.57 to -1.83)	605489.73 (509606.88-708563.17)	405449 (308794.65-515730.95)	11163.97 (9396.09-13064.43)	5614.7 (4276.22-7141.89)	-2.6(-2.91 to -2.29)
50-69	274053.9 (237429.92-312735.11)	261427.1 (223390.35-301589.74)	15822.86 (13708.33-18056.17)	7126.42 (6089.55-8221.24)	-2.59(-2.8 to -2.39)	199454.81 (168053.24-234735.7)	149335.91 (125259.87-174232.49)	11664.88 (9828.4-13728.25)	4293.47 (3601.27-5009.26)	-3.3(-3.48 to -3.12)
70+	134356.36 (114674.29-153570.08)	165259.28 (144435.44-186794.89)	15400.59 (13144.53-17602.96)	8414.41 (7354.13-9510.92)	-1.87(-2.01 to -1.72)	83218.4 (68320.48-98568.03)	91947.53 (80512.57-104986.32)	14226.35 (11679.52-16850.4)	5475.06 (4794.16-6251.47)	-3.14(-3.34 to -2.95)
Caribbean	1789451.2 (1567089.42-2023066.54)	1756743.47 (1567236.25-1950563.73)	9603.26 (8498.74-10763.08)	7820.02 (6915.6-8750.8)	-0.75(-0.81 to -0.69)	1642617.13 (1404204.82-1888305.66)	1601966.69 (1405843.42-1811719.97)	8692.8 (7504.42-9927.18)	7418.63 (6474.28-8440.14)	-0.58(-0.63 to -0.53)
<5	369332.19 (291634.24-465646.81)	286656.64 (228639.31-354810.26)	18159.52 (14339.23-22895.17)	15124.78 (12063.63-18720.75)	-0.57(-0.66 to -0.49)	511536.36 (407382.72-629690.31)	455498.02 (373686.85-560924.62)	24386.78 (19421.4-30019.6)	23087.72 (18940.98-28431.45)	-0.15(-0.23 to -0.07)
5-14	466260.65 (355317.18-613784.46)	456359.5 (353740.67-594065.93)	12851.44 (9793.53-16917.61)	12152.7 (9419.99-15819.77)	-0.17(-0.25 to -0.08)	586576.58 (445410.55-774189.71)	567414.34 (442560.7-737347.31)	16057.72 (12193.25-21193.68)	14617.64 (11401.18-18995.43)	-0.34(-0.41 to -0.27)
15-49	786498.48 (612394.25-981627.99)	765972.3 (616359.36-930241.29)	8437.49 (6569.72-10530.83)	6367.87 (5124.07-7733.52)	-1.06(-1.12 to -0.99)	428073.52 (323128.75-548567.26)	413526.66 (323153.51-516498.74)	4785.63 (3612.41-6132.69)	3470.32 (2711.9-4334.46)	-1.24(-1.31 to -1.18)
50-69	128364.75 (108133.26-150596.43)	187739.77 (159011.23-220782.81)	6095.72 (5134.97-7151.44)	4126.14 (3494.74-4852.35)	-1.52(-1.65 to -1.39)	87901.01 (73551.37-104257.38)	125631.62 (105822.59-147300.03)	4326.51 (3620.21-5131.57)	2949.58 (2484.5-3458.31)	-1.41(-1.47 to -1.36)
70+	38995.13 (32820.83-46117.24)	60015.26 (51447.64-69335.09)	4989.33 (4199.34-5900.58)	3407.07 (2920.69-3936.16)	-1.49(-1.58 to -1.4)	28529.65 (23778.79-34032.81)	39896.05 (33882.33-46741.22)	4107.47 (3423.48-4899.77)	2774.42 (2356.22-3250.44)	-1.44(-1.49 to -1.38)
Central Asia	1198391.84 (1041096.78-1372113.7)	1337032.65 (1165588.56-1536312.43)	3597.99 (3166.54-4049.56)	2783.1 (2415.84-3195.34)	-1.04(-1.12 to -0.96)	971959.27 (813556.11-1143830.59)	1080427.87 (919101.77-1288044.49)	3083.1 (2673.37-3547.67)	2340.83 (1996.36-2755.06)	-1.15(-1.24 to -1.06)
<5	117195.69 (72957.56-171413.23)	115487.61 (69876.54-171180.61)	2504.6 (1559.18-3663.29)	2399.09 (1451.59-3556.04)	-0.22(-0.27 to -0.18)	137315.7 (87990.25-198749.29)	137577.19 (85087.5-202068.82)	2833.99 (1815.98-4101.88)	2654.28 (1641.59-3898.52)	-0.27(-0.31 to -0.24)
5-14	242726.18 (165501.11-368729.79)	257218.73 (168950.03-394445.41)	3181.1 (2169.01-4832.47)	3015.78 (1980.87-4624.71)	-0.13(-0.2 to -0.07)	256403.56 (175862.8-388684.35)	285989.21 (189291.61-436555.69)	3271.95 (2244.17-4959.98)	3125.67 (2068.83-4771.26)	-0.12(-0.18 to -0.06)
15-49	442445.59 (316112.35-603851.25)	509734.54 (363467.61-692264.76)	2637.23 (1884.21-3599.3)	2100.68 (1497.89-2852.91)	-1.03(-1.19 to -0.87)	357718.32 (252677.04-487753.66)	403805.09 (285991.49-549079.76)	2158.87 (1524.94-2943.65)	1648.63 (1167.63-2241.74)	-1.29(-1.47 to -1.11)
50-69	290937.8 (235051.92-356784.86)	351266.36 (282208.16-430983.04)	6114.89 (4940.28-7498.85)	4103.9 (3297.08-5035.24)	-1.84(-2.03 to -1.66)	176372.31 (142115.38-216738.74)	202082.41 (168254.35-241422.4)	4450.61 (3586.16-5469.22)	2724.99 (2268.83-3255.47)	-2.32(-2.59 to -2.05)
70+	105086.58 (85795.53-126097.87)	103325.41 (84348.91-125198.84)	6838.6 (5583.22-8205.92)	4892.3 (3993.79-5927.97)	-1.3(-1.41 to -1.2)	44149.39 (35339.17-54153.93)	50973.98 (43212.27-61867.96)	6160.94 (4931.49-7557.05)	3960.27 (3357.25-4806.64)	-1.71(-1.82 to -1.59)
Central Europe	5477179.94 (4776622.7-6129566.81)	3499927.87 (3085721.79-3933340.14)	7758.29 (6721.32-8750.46)	5803.79 (4927.12-6835.27)	-0.97(-1.13 to -0.81)	4488703.24 (3911622.38-5093066.8)	2619585.24 (2256051.46-3046629.18)	7262.15 (6318.75-8280.16)	5437.1 (4493.85-6592.12)	-0.94(-1.2 to -0.67)
<5	237120 (153010.69-342958.37)	206786.13 (132136.3-299500.82)	5284.6 (3410.09-7643.39)	7616.26 (4866.79-11031.09)	1.27(1.02 to 1.52)	307952.8 (197934.35-445678.56)	288719.44 (184207.52-413187.89)	6630.44 (4261.67-9595.77)	10057.76 (6417.01-14393.71)	1.37(1.17 to 1.58)
5-14	470358.34 (303333.9-718146.91)	429836.85 (293188.93-644394.16)	4723.91 (3046.45-7212.5)	7321.39 (4993.87-10975.93)	1.45(1.23 to 1.67)	606485.45 (395375.06-914753.83)	623173.5 (426637.43-922762.07)	5834.33 (3803.47-8799.84)	9979.45 (6832.14-14777.04)	1.73(1.47 to 1.99)
15-49	1975625.16 (1369639.23-2736988.26)	1158803.85 (812494.63-1598325.83)	6432.75 (4459.62-8911.79)	4499.61 (3154.9-6206.27)	-1.29(-1.35 to -1.23)	1540962.28 (1056097.39-2159115.39)	867521.06 (608525.83-1196582.96)	4909.94 (3365.02-6879.55)	3220.6 (2259.1-4442.22)	-1.29(-1.38 to -1.2)
50-69	1942038.04 (1535513.37-2428878.79)	1062394.55 (841676.21-1314197.97)	14133.56 (11175-17676.64)	6796.56 (5384.53-8407.44)	-2.45(-2.72 to -2.18)	1409400.04 (1108854.21-1795437.48)	527164.39 (421504.83-655714.44)	11871.55 (9340.02-15123.19)	3661.69 (2927.78-4554.6)	-4.02(-4.41 to -3.63)
70+	852038.4 (700943.79-1007049.58)	642106.49 (542673.42-750479.84)	17264 (14202.52-20404.83)	7033.34 (5944.2-8220.41)	-3.11(-3.33 to -2.89)	623902.68 (513100.13-736045.56)	313006.85 (260750-369111.76)	21050.93 (17312.37-24834.71)	5476.93 (4562.55-6458.64)	-4.73(-5.02 to -4.44)
Central Latin America	5033231.64 (4182601.67-6032190.02)	3786706 (3158010.38-4506932.05)	5601.84 (4760.82-6536.76)	3063.8 (2556.46-3661.01)	-1.98(-2.18 to -1.78)	5259262.16 (4264258.12-6424994.95)	3642818.99 (2928097.81-4549368.33)	5547.98 (4645.31-6604.61)	3071.56 (2466.43-3863.19)	-1.93(-2.14 to -1.72)
<5	1374008.2 (1055979.64-1751249.21)	512667.04 (363069.48-699966.33)	12117.08 (9312.45-15443.88)	5194.02 (3678.39-7091.61)	-2.91(-3.18 to -2.63)	1734896.54 (1315263.73-2204326.81)	683806.12 (471359-944162.45)	14855.5 (11262.29-18875.12)	6690.82 (4612.09-9238.32)	-2.74(-3.01 to -2.48)
5-14	1627887.68 (1181912.73-2265075.45)	1097136.29 (751553.78-1612924.62)	7949.39 (5771.58-11060.94)	5145.16 (3524.5-7564.01)	-1.3(-1.66 to -0.95)	2095947.1 (1488795.58-2931500.05)	1428899.58 (976510.95-2129429.07)	10035.59 (7128.49-14036.29)	6474.14 (4424.43-9648.14)	-1.31(-1.62 to -1)
15-49	1591525.43 (1118421.48-2178412.92)	1660102.4 (1175561.62-2257304.72)	3797.19 (2668.42-5197.43)	2434.36 (1723.83-3310.09)	-1.39(-1.49 to -1.3)	1079776.15 (747762.1-1504315.16)	1170556.18 (809768.61-1612577.58)	2718.82 (1882.82-3787.78)	1802.73 (1247.1-2483.47)	-1.31(-1.38 to -1.24)
50-69	311694.34 (249850.51-387628.97)	373261.17 (303752.79-452975.78)	4234.58 (3394.39-5266.2)	1643.41 (1337.38-1994.39)	-3.33(-3.45 to -3.21)	239000.81 (184837.45-305956.5)	257299.7 (206827.57-316917.96)	3415.22 (2641.25-4371.99)	1285.46 (1033.3-1583.31)	-3.37(-3.5 to -3.25)
70+	128115.99 (99968.61-161072)	143539.1 (118130.92-173178.14)	6000.38 (4682.08-7543.89)	1897.49 (1561.61-2289.3)	-4.07(-4.25 to -3.89)	109641.56 (82950.58-141130.6)	102257.4 (84398.41-123668.44)	5756.62 (4355.24-7409.92)	1677.29 (1384.36-2028.49)	-4.37(-4.56 to -4.18)
Central Sub-Saharan Africa	1216452.13 (1027936.64-1428871.53)	2042416.24 (1758452.05-2355362.41)	4074.82 (3594.65-4620.6)	2938.27 (2622.8-3288.71)	-1.18(-1.29 to -1.06)	1234804.88 (1015275.95-1470849.44)	1947496.02 (1638870.47-2318493.67)	4017.45 (3499.57-4597.33)	2666.12 (2342.14-3085.9)	-1.43(-1.5 to -1.36)
<5	358873.01 (262302.51-470769.7)	411261.02 (305443.96-525927.93)	6997.3 (5114.37-9179.06)	3966.05 (2945.59-5071.85)	-2.09(-2.34 to -1.84)	373127.63 (274238.49-482952.87)	378731.39 (279720.68-489764.91)	7099.53 (5217.96-9189.18)	3540.55 (2614.95-4578.54)	-2.45(-2.65 to -2.25)
5-14	394595.4 (289631.69-535033.98)	736206.17 (536889.01-995077.53)	5312.36 (3899.26-7203.06)	3950.94 (2881.28-5340.21)	-0.99(-1.11 to -0.86)	459558.53 (335351.42-623387.07)	817878 (586108.94-1156048.23)	6138.62 (4479.51-8326.98)	4308.83 (3087.8-6090.42)	-1.19(-1.29 to -1.09)
15-49	335522.46 (254442.46-425891.84)	641752.23 (495660.98-805741.16)	2714.26 (2058.35-3445.32)	1965.38 (1517.98-2467.6)	-1.18(-1.26 to -1.1)	301084.75 (232908.48-378485.99)	586448.82 (459744.96-747161.64)	2497.59 (1932.05-3139.66)	1801.77 (1412.49-2295.53)	-1.12(-1.15 to -1.08)
50-69	105298.96 (81078.15-133194.84)	202904.01 (162136.47-251261.46)	4422.11 (3404.94-5593.62)	3515.21 (2808.93-4352.97)	-0.89(-0.98 to -0.79)	81187.61 (64723.98-100605.75)	136566.92 (110875.7-167488.8)	3949.13 (3148.3-4893.66)	2534.71 (2057.87-3108.62)	-1.63(-1.68 to -1.58)
70+	22162.31 (15964.61-29538.04)	50292.81 (38664.15-64747.7)	5242.76 (3776.62-6987.57)	4401.86 (3384.06-5667.02)	-0.59(-0.67 to -0.51)	19846.36 (15390.56-24988.89)	27870.89 (22361.6-34066.06)	5116.64 (3967.88-6442.45)	3751.95 (3010.3-4585.94)	-1.09(-1.15 to -1.03)
East Asia	16799069.93 (13900401.68-20376365.52)	12114831.04 (10237412.54-14473158.45)	3070.11 (2595.31-3700.97)	1833.91 (1481.14-2296.42)	-1.8(-2.16 to -1.44)	18884590.68 (15430558.7-23514566.42)	15062954.54 (12548785.01-18409381.76)	3297.58 (2742.32-4045.47)	2227.27 (1793.5-2836.51)	-1.31(-1.61 to -1.01)
<5	2354298.37 (1506306.85-3384956.34)	1126591.13 (647549.77-1713042.37)	4323.41 (2766.16-6216.09)	3027.84 (1740.36-4603.99)	-0.9(-1.62 to -0.18)	3087008.24 (1921843.25-4489271.97)	1599353.9 (919522.47-2442389.83)	5036.39 (3135.45-7324.15)	3731.06 (2145.11-5697.75)	-0.75(-1.3 to -0.19)
5-14	4216758.64 (2748724.23-6594965.77)	2798442.68 (1789330.47-4421676.55)	4084.83 (2662.72-6388.63)	3194.3 (2042.44-5047.15)	-0.66(-1.29 to -0.03)	5932421.07 (3916313.77-9205351.95)	4259884.84 (2736639.46-6779199)	5351.51 (3532.82-8303.94)	4273.95 (2745.67-6801.57)	-0.55(-1.07 to -0.02)
15-49	6223365.82 (4247110.62-8775369.6)	3989627.12 (2711216.77-5568023.42)	1866.73 (1273.94-2632.21)	1205.67 (819.33-1682.67)	-1.93(-2.25 to -1.62)	6155286.87 (4210418.61-8601496.44)	4513184.51 (3094398.71-6265792.73)	1731.59 (1184.46-2419.75)	1262.09 (865.33-1752.19)	-1.28(-1.49 to -1.06)
50-69	2486835.1 (1880704.42-3242291.16)	2456450.92 (1902467.46-3122732.94)	3218.53 (2434.06-4196.26)	1248.27 (966.76-1586.84)	-3.47(-3.7 to -3.24)	2431100.89 (1836351-3184963.78)	2703164.13 (2125638.19-3387030)	2944.21 (2223.93-3857.19)	1375.29 (1081.46-1723.22)	-2.97(-3.21 to -2.74)
70+	1517812.01 (1124386.68-1978559.51)	1743719.19 (1387820.15-2168179.03)	6884.29 (5099.84-8974.08)	2588.86 (2060.46-3219.04)	-3.55(-3.69 to -3.42)	1278773.61 (951403.77-1669388.26)	1987367.16 (1587580.56-2449352.7)	7581.86 (5640.88-9897.82)	3534.68 (2823.63-4356.35)	-2.81(-2.92 to -2.69)
Eastern Europe	7284551.82 (6366132.11-8180689.24)	2725677.81 (2325725.66-3177812.9)	5535.48 (4748.41-6391.29)	2687.38 (2195.55-3275.23)	-2.56(-2.66 to -2.46)	5590817.07 (4748536-6490108.14)	2148340.34 (1766711.25-2589886.55)	5236.8 (4461.88-6102.65)	2525.81 (2027.81-3146.5)	-2.75(-2.87 to -2.62)
<5	274602.13 (159254.3-417514.39)	142708.63 (83191.78-216889.08)	3254.99 (1887.72-4949)	2901.42 (1691.38-4409.59)	-0.5(-0.64 to -0.36)	347250.19 (202457.83-527789.12)	176403.28 (103119.08-267340.59)	3943.42 (2299.14-5993.65)	3392.14 (1982.93-5140.82)	-0.67(-0.78 to -0.56)
5-14	857114.28 (554381.56-1357589.16)	529075.47 (346128.04-825597.57)	5091.43 (3293.13-8064.34)	4292.73 (2808.36-6698.6)	-0.63(-0.69 to -0.57)	995201.33 (652234.67-1551091.14)	612798.98 (402543.8-956768.3)	5724.36 (3751.63-8921.82)	4713.77 (3096.45-7359.65)	-0.83(-0.93 to -0.73)
15-49	2662928.25 (1898471.19-3628441.22)	1080964.5 (751867.42-1489443.7)	4815.92 (3433.4-6562.06)	2240.68 (1558.51-3087.4)	-2.68(-2.79 to -2.58)	2429474.71 (1720635.37-3327498.06)	921498.63 (636841.54-1268914.37)	4417.78 (3128.82-6050.75)	1920.46 (1327.22-2644.49)	-3.07(-3.2 to -2.95)
50-69	2672872.45 (2075520.02-3400540.67)	702937.91 (557933.31-876559.59)	9277.23 (7203.89-11802.88)	2311.45 (1834.63-2882.36)	-5.07(-5.25 to -4.89)	1544294.94 (1202245.63-1955638.56)	338052.48 (268995.85-418195.89)	7431.4 (5785.41-9410.86)	1449.82 (1153.65-1793.53)	-6.08(-6.33 to -5.82)
70+	817034.71 (662247.08-1005461.82)	269991.3 (221453.8-325498.29)	7262.29 (5886.45-8937.15)	1840.83 (1509.9-2219.29)	-5.17(-5.43 to -4.91)	274595.89 (219839.32-337817.46)	99586.97 (81635.34-119672.48)	7041.79 (5637.6-8663.05)	1487.63 (1219.47-1787.67)	-5.94(-6.28 to -5.6)
Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa	6768603.54 (5725465.17-7838750.94)	9821033.53 (8375475.33-11261145.47)	6092.27 (5380.89-6850.76)	4158.45 (3670.94-4676.2)	-1.32(-1.38 to -1.26)	7148352.59 (5928089.47-8387181.91)	10053708.83 (8407841.97-11834071.74)	6204.49 (5412.21-7108.73)	4247.8 (3672.89-4861.41)	-1.33(-1.4 to -1.27)
<5	2158710.31 (1660715.22-2728541.46)	2531909.54 (1977342.42-3177771.24)	12155.03 (9350.97-15363.57)	8081.37 (6311.3-10142.84)	-1.39(-1.47 to -1.31)	2303754.5 (1757486-2924406)	2323386.47 (1760161.07-2993977.21)	12570.54 (9589.8-15957.15)	7156.33 (5421.52-9221.83)	-1.91(-1.98 to -1.83)
5-14	2293420.04 (1734332.84-3055429.07)	3543778.59 (2650232.44-4765038.6)	8546.31 (6462.9-11385.9)	6266.8 (4686.65-8426.46)	-0.98(-1.08 to -0.88)	2797664.26 (2106645.15-3775936.07)	4119469.04 (2975513.32-5650631.48)	10118.47 (7619.22-13656.64)	7091.94 (5122.55-9727.94)	-1.2(-1.28 to -1.12)
15-49	1891222.53 (1476719.53-2354478.36)	3030025.26 (2395367.22-3747231.82)	4382.84 (3422.24-5456.42)	2829.13 (2236.55-3498.79)	-1.53(-1.6 to -1.46)	1599279.52 (1254141.41-1989714.46)	2910008.87 (2298456.45-3581589.94)	3972.18 (3114.95-4941.91)	2844.7 (2246.87-3501.21)	-1.2(-1.27 to -1.13)
50-69	348083.22 (279233.11-427386.75)	572597.93 (469792.68-685600.02)	5070.66 (4067.7-6225.91)	3565.21 (2925.1-4268.8)	-1.31(-1.38 to -1.25)	346597.02 (273380.39-428471.3)	542698.62 (443899.8-660059.13)	5050.69 (3983.76-6243.78)	3542.72 (2897.76-4308.84)	-1.33(-1.41 to -1.26)
70+	77167.44 (60051.56-96101.83)	142722.21 (115733.73-174088.62)	4954 (3855.19-6169.55)	3785.6 (3069.75-4617.58)	-1.02(-1.08 to -0.97)	101057.29 (78258.92-127738.26)	158145.83 (125841.58-195958.98)	6491.36 (5026.92-8205.2)	5068.66 (4033.29-6280.59)	-0.97(-1.02 to -0.91)
High-income Asia Pacific	8057278.77 (7055922.41-9204823.37)	3485448.02 (3049290.83-3960990.62)	8563.75 (7436.02-9842.26)	3634.27 (2968.46-4419.91)	-2.79(-3.01 to -2.56)	6691976.37 (5881596.3-7572831.36)	2522388.81 (2201801.88-2901187.04)	8287.42 (7323.4-9470.59)	2979.25 (2433.35-3682.64)	-3.74(-4 to -3.49)
<5	345336.86 (223520.54-491046.99)	140084.49 (83342.98-209115.52)	7006.72 (4535.13-9963.11)	4453.03 (2649.32-6647.4)	-1.2(-1.66 to -0.73)	456847.6 (306288.9-640697.21)	171421.17 (105460.53-251209.58)	8640.52 (5792.95-12117.73)	5184.63 (3189.65-7597.83)	-1.88(-2.19 to -1.58)
5-14	855452.65 (585101.43-1278380.25)	403705.54 (262252.57-634764.25)	7044.46 (4818.18-10527.18)	5188.1 (3370.26-8157.48)	-0.58(-0.99 to -0.16)	1050751.92 (733504.05-1533605.15)	419411.68 (276657.18-651928.43)	8183.42 (5712.65-11943.96)	5119.76 (3377.16-7958.1)	-2.06(-2.49 to -1.62)
15-49	2883562.14 (2022787.66-3945555.05)	1130759.19 (765682.99-1588878.72)	6304.23 (4422.35-8626.03)	2972.66 (2012.91-4177.01)	-2.53(-2.64 to -2.43)	2211411.91 (1613649.82-2934798.88)	703173.07 (482838.37-989115.67)	4696.74 (3427.17-6233.12)	1750.01 (1201.65-2461.64)	-3.47(-3.64 to -3.31)
50-69	2237021.52 (1761562.86-2811014.03)	676414.03 (507819.51-875411.01)	12512.23 (9852.87-15722.72)	2699.03 (2026.31-3493.07)	-5.2(-5.38 to -5.02)	1522485.1 (1185184.67-1926956.73)	496789.84 (384687.71-629224.62)	9385.3 (7306.02-11878.65)	2003.15 (1551.13-2537.15)	-5.42(-5.58 to -5.27)
70+	1735905.61 (1372066.87-2141993.47)	1134484.78 (922526.56-1391642.31)	25019.5 (19775.51-30872.42)	5624.83 (4573.93-6899.83)	-5.35(-5.77 to -4.93)	1450479.84 (1139153.58-1812822.32)	731593.05 (601276.5-882344.97)	33595.16 (26384.4-41987.52)	4953.26 (4070.95-5973.93)	-6.81(-7.25 to -6.38)
High-income North America	14781534.31 (12796087.7-16883185.38)	20602044.93 (18394754.4-22726676.63)	10256.13 (8736.33-12074.98)	10551.66 (9256.11-12038.6)	1(0.61 to 1.39)	11499158.51 (9828794.46-13761347.36)	14712222.05 (13077125.88-16750954.67)	8856.18 (7466.23-10796.7)	8808.07 (7621.15-10369.82)	0.72(0.43 to 1.02)
<5	976246.88 (574538.61-1444806.97)	876396.8 (554180.29-1232101.45)	9225.5 (5429.37-13653.37)	8748.45 (5531.99-12299.2)	0.54(0.27 to 0.82)	1393397.48 (852373.84-2038946.65)	1357609.87 (881315.17-1918176.27)	12553.44 (7679.23-18369.34)	12953.25 (8408.82-18301.74)	0.5(0.35 to 0.65)
5-14	2660654.66 (1775002.36-4046972.57)	2764925.25 (1960123.81-3951681.37)	13642.19 (9101.11-20750.37)	12536.06 (8887.12-17916.76)	0.64(0.23 to 1.06)	3248125.87 (2225702.18-4842816.15)	3844135.8 (2759619.2-5408265.6)	15850.13 (10860.93-23631.87)	16666.84 (11964.75-23448.37)	0.81(0.56 to 1.06)
15-49	5808996.15 (4129181.83-7919309.52)	7918303.58 (6020240.95-10149555.53)	7811.22 (5552.42-10648.91)	9424.07 (7165.07-12079.62)	1.33(1.07 to 1.6)	3668761.66 (2606994.58-5001408.85)	4683265.09 (3527525.85-6041309.45)	4914 (3491.85-6698.97)	5533.01 (4167.57-7137.46)	0.93(0.75 to 1.12)
50-69	3283230.73 (2519490.85-4203954.38)	5800528.3 (4696541.58-7056519.79)	13096.95 (10050.36-16769.75)	12146.93 (9835.06-14777.11)	0.85(0.25 to 1.46)	1938475.48 (1504092.34-2482024.83)	3145290.99 (2542299.86-3861853.94)	8648.39 (6710.41-11073.4)	7016.08 (5671.01-8614.49)	0.64(-0.08 to 1.36)
70+	2052405.9 (1623660.87-2536989.11)	3241891 (2658868.97-3883811.9)	14328.36 (11335.18-17711.35)	13317.31 (10922.32-15954.24)	1.36(0.52 to 2.2)	1250398.01 (995700.13-1547524.5)	1681920.3 (1376795.12-2020189.77)	14052.68 (11190.24-17391.96)	8868.56 (7259.67-10652.21)	0.29(-0.63 to 1.22)
Oceania	147792.74 (132648.37-165264.11)	205999.85 (187773.95-226184.17)	5299.26 (4855.4-5784.75)	3384.79 (3139.32-3663.75)	-1.62(-1.71 to -1.52)	131393.6 (116129.84-148656.41)	165544.97 (147969.52-184115.59)	4054.69 (3695.77-4461.37)	2390.36 (2176.04-2621.39)	-1.86(-1.98 to -1.74)
<5	28207.1 (21121.9-36931.07)	34481.42 (26659.68-43240.68)	5851.79 (4381.91-7661.65)	3728.36 (2882.62-4675.48)	-1.73(-1.9 to -1.55)	24360.83 (18105.01-31265.78)	28769.16 (22455.24-36403.86)	4665.39 (3467.33-5987.77)	2849.53 (2224.15-3605.73)	-1.8(-1.99 to -1.61)
5-14	38560.32 (29391.46-50728.38)	46180.54 (35849.94-59114.29)	4826.43 (3678.81-6349.46)	3084.48 (2394.48-3948.35)	-1.65(-1.79 to -1.5)	46140.33 (35054.82-60208.23)	56968.96 (43589.31-73811.48)	5262.72 (3998.32-6867.29)	3454.28 (2643.02-4475.52)	-1.47(-1.61 to -1.33)
15-49	53821 (42834.34-66329.38)	80605.32 (66867.67-96460.86)	3463.68 (2756.63-4268.67)	2322.29 (1926.5-2779.1)	-1.43(-1.52 to -1.34)	41341 (33199.98-50933.91)	51259.68 (42077.83-61585.82)	2518.82 (2022.8-3103.29)	1422.32 (1167.55-1708.85)	-1.98(-2.09 to -1.88)
50-69	21164.33 (16976.71-25954.42)	34626.34 (28942.47-41338.22)	7780.23 (6240.82-9541.12)	4883.72 (4082.06-5830.37)	-1.67(-1.73 to -1.62)	14401.44 (11670.28-17608.74)	20895.45 (17517.46-24817.87)	4817.43 (3903.83-5890.31)	2655.25 (2226-3153.68)	-2.09(-2.18 to -1.99)
70+	6039.99 (4714.42-7567.62)	10106.24 (8444.65-12007.58)	11788.88 (9201.62-14770.5)	7456.48 (6230.54-8859.31)	-1.67(-1.75 to -1.58)	5150 (4107.58-6222.83)	7651.72 (6368.21-9115.34)	9767.64 (7790.56-11802.41)	5452.99 (4538.3-6496.04)	-2.09(-2.19 to -1.99)
Southeast Asia	9434230.35 (8211943.14-10876021.2)	8718819.79 (7827551.71-9663541.38)	4196.04 (3758.81-4699.59)	2583.84 (2304.81-2881.44)	-1.64(-1.72 to -1.56)	11153445.09 (9660635.12-13018399.94)	10823809.34 (9601954.46-12114931.79)	4860.13 (4330.21-5492.85)	3269.27 (2902.71-3657.92)	-1.28(-1.36 to -1.21)
<5	1917924.35 (1451743.01-2516107.46)	1024105.66 (775195.92-1333719.31)	6747.01 (5107.05-8851.34)	3751.72 (2839.86-4885.96)	-1.86(-1.96 to -1.75)	2387733.41 (1783822.47-3122600.82)	1318610.32 (978548.47-1741263.11)	7995.53 (5973.28-10456.29)	4548.88 (3375.75-6006.93)	-1.8(-1.92 to -1.68)
5-14	2678957.63 (1972605.59-3610859.54)	1842772.29 (1343807.92-2556497.52)	4865.19 (3582.4-6557.59)	3260.6 (2377.73-4523.47)	-1.24(-1.35 to -1.13)	3809747.46 (2844259.18-5167478.79)	2817113.53 (2064988.8-3922241.21)	6637.88 (4955.67-9003.5)	4706.74 (3450.12-6553.16)	-1.03(-1.14 to -0.92)
15-49	3091222.91 (2316286.83-4049308.4)	3205592.48 (2460805.71-4097719.12)	2571.98 (1927.21-3369.13)	1749.76 (1343.22-2236.72)	-1.33(-1.42 to -1.23)	3279429.14 (2483126.7-4229385.34)	3805424.74 (2975954.7-4760176.02)	2817.18 (2133.12-3633.24)	2028.46 (1586.32-2537.39)	-1.05(-1.12 to -0.98)
50-69	1282589.16 (1010378.48-1627393.17)	1834693.04 (1490910.35-2235454.18)	5221.24 (4113.11-6624.89)	2844.07 (2311.15-3465.32)	-2.27(-2.36 to -2.17)	1250544.95 (982801.02-1580468.5)	2088732.97 (1697886.06-2535866.76)	5513.59 (4333.12-6968.21)	3466.17 (2817.58-4208.17)	-1.69(-1.76 to -1.63)
70+	463536.3 (360679.26-581760.52)	811656.33 (659085.66-982503.25)	7559.36 (5881.97-9487.37)	4705.71 (3821.16-5696.23)	-1.72(-1.79 to -1.64)	425990.14 (330876.33-535050.57)	793927.78 (645342.65-948476.73)	8902.72 (6914.95-11181.97)	6188.34 (5030.18-7392.98)	-1.28(-1.34 to -1.21)
Southern Latin America	1993611.08 (1737330.29-2280832.19)	2505195.96 (2158123.19-2892565.97)	7893.91 (6875.41-9023.03)	6817.78 (5729.72-8055.34)	-0.56(-0.65 to -0.48)	1589273.59 (1379942.71-1843636.99)	1668518.24 (1414796.7-1963508.17)	6748.39 (5909.98-7749.34)	5174.17 (4339.59-6213.48)	-1.03(-1.08 to -0.98)
<5	119521.24 (77863.32-169482.63)	110707.29 (66155.85-167051.01)	4718.14 (3073.68-6690.39)	5288.04 (3160-7979.35)	0.4(0.25 to 0.56)	191272.11 (130006.15-267972.25)	163682.86 (101388.02-239919.68)	7318.02 (4974-10252.55)	7491.47 (4640.35-10980.7)	0.08(-0.01 to 0.17)
5-14	278041.53 (199122.99-398490.82)	325520.82 (211472.06-501086.28)	5747.19 (4115.93-8236.91)	6500.76 (4223.17-10006.85)	0.65(0.37 to 0.94)	333044.77 (238625.87-488657.85)	381368.49 (250283.09-589120.95)	6739.57 (4828.89-9888.6)	7320.44 (4804.23-11308.29)	0.53(0.39 to 0.67)
15-49	881754.77 (635937.63-1179956.79)	1023834.36 (728370.06-1374187.26)	7114.99 (5131.46-9521.22)	5874.04 (4178.87-7884.12)	-0.65(-0.78 to -0.53)	529196.23 (372856.21-724418.84)	553879.62 (389150.15-762656.37)	4374.26 (3081.97-5987.94)	3209.49 (2254.95-4419.26)	-1.19(-1.25 to -1.13)
50-69	489347.18 (403704.77-587451.64)	630393.67 (518720.4-754822.27)	12363.13 (10199.41-14841.69)	9214.45 (7582.13-11033.22)	-1.32(-1.45 to -1.2)	368112.24 (306539.64-439917.54)	339449.06 (276790.93-415697.62)	10434.52 (8689.18-12469.92)	5499.16 (4484.08-6734.41)	-2.66(-2.83 to -2.5)
70+	224946.36 (191675.14-263980.05)	414739.81 (352700.84-484030.14)	14400.01 (12270.14-16898.77)	12736.86 (10831.61-14864.8)	-0.74(-0.88 to -0.61)	167648.24 (143874.8-195216.81)	230138.22 (196714.85-269392.06)	15624 (13408.43-18193.26)	10268.59 (8777.26-12020.07)	-1.86(-2.01 to -1.71)
Southern Sub-Saharan Africa	985632.53 (823889.68-1165676.54)	828902.37 (716843.83-975368.33)	3553.17 (3058.18-4071.26)	2042.97 (1776.96-2389.91)	-2.06(-2.22 to -1.9)	763354.41 (642649.29-925375.21)	645499.32 (559746.75-750905.42)	2871.38 (2497.96-3337.19)	1707.58 (1500.21-1956.18)	-2.16(-2.47 to -1.85)
<5	120030.74 (81555.55-168783.15)	68680.82 (47510.89-95597.94)	3239.48 (2201.08-4555.24)	1731.26 (1197.62-2409.76)	-1.95(-2.39 to -1.5)	143942.79 (99756.16-198828.51)	67675.36 (48500.99-92956.85)	3820.49 (2647.7-5277.25)	1666.06 (1194.02-2288.45)	-2.8(-3.39 to -2.21)
5-14	340573.58 (236763.57-496464.34)	267630.43 (180917.88-391725.27)	5118.31 (3558.2-7461.11)	3364.79 (2274.6-4924.98)	-1.69(-1.94 to -1.43)	321694.26 (230329.7-454127.8)	237421.41 (166766.91-339979.99)	4902.09 (3509.84-6920.15)	2937.33 (2063.21-4206.16)	-2.22(-2.65 to -1.8)
15-49	417633.85 (306162.03-553416.93)	322447.12 (249334.76-409111.38)	3141.98 (2303.34-4163.51)	1485.1 (1148.37-1884.26)	-2.81(-3.08 to -2.55)	221088.26 (163517.51-290480.09)	229414.7 (178928.67-288268.12)	1773.7 (1311.83-2330.4)	1069.11 (833.84-1343.38)	-2.31(-2.74 to -1.89)
50-69	82519.25 (65323.18-104005.79)	128938.47 (104104.46-158134.5)	3228.89 (2556.03-4069.64)	2225 (1796.46-2728.82)	-1.37(-1.54 to -1.19)	56768.79 (44282.29-72436.06)	82758.95 (66509.89-101845.97)	2680.18 (2090.66-3419.87)	1796.96 (1444.14-2211.4)	-1.71(-2.11 to -1.32)
70+	24875.12 (18635.84-32867.07)	41205.53 (32662.42-51447.7)	3154.63 (2363.37-4168.16)	2462.24 (1951.75-3074.26)	-1.12(-1.32 to -0.93)	19860.3 (14679.49-26223.22)	28228.89 (22237.89-35463.44)	3897 (2880.42-5145.53)	2841.63 (2238.56-3569.89)	-1.39(-1.7 to -1.08)
Tropical Latin America	6697829.21 (5404509.88-8303158.84)	5153255.13 (4236348.19-6134914.32)	8014.91 (6624.21-9762.54)	5006.94 (4068.54-6146.52)	-1.76(-1.92 to -1.61)	6559861.65 (5088013.95-8262776.46)	4401819.96 (3530248.7-5561281.52)	7706.69 (6174.31-9532.22)	4474.21 (3551.99-5710.32)	-1.96(-2.07 to -1.86)
<5	1765959.4 (1297075.22-2310911.61)	749490.04 (536110.48-1024514.08)	21041.2 (15454.5-27534.24)	8920.75 (6381.02-12194.21)	-2.98(-3.16 to -2.8)	2131576.88 (1565916.62-2777607.82)	889535.49 (604420.83-1238627.97)	24539.48 (18027.39-31976.82)	10101.51 (6863.76-14065.78)	-2.97(-3.14 to -2.8)
5-14	2562648.86 (1774324.26-3738622.6)	1615103.11 (1094730.57-2445918.45)	14181.78 (9819.17-20689.65)	10002.76 (6779.96-15148.22)	-1.01(-1.38 to -0.63)	2855667.6 (1982331.96-4126347.96)	1756651.42 (1178807.19-2658090.78)	15465.48 (10735.74-22347.12)	10432.13 (7000.52-15785.45)	-1.36(-1.55 to -1.17)
15-49	1886439.02 (1290737.69-2660704.38)	2006357.61 (1401110.2-2752622.72)	4728.98 (3235.66-6669.93)	3310.12 (2311.57-4541.32)	-1.65(-1.97 to -1.33)	1175377.19 (771958.53-1697758.7)	1275770.73 (873337.91-1792935.62)	3042.79 (1998.43-4395.12)	2154.41 (1474.82-3027.76)	-1.51(-1.82 to -1.2)
50-69	356628.96 (271372.68-459316.05)	525847.46 (419234.35-650743.77)	4274 (3252.25-5504.65)	2297.3 (1831.54-2842.95)	-2.68(-3.01 to -2.35)	289604.63 (216723.05-381212.21)	339358.01 (265227.78-427546.28)	3757.26 (2811.71-4945.75)	1675.9 (1309.82-2111.42)	-3.16(-3.41 to -2.91)
70+	126152.96 (94803.18-162958.71)	256456.9 (202144.33-321077.36)	5207.65 (3913.52-6727.01)	3088.81 (2434.66-3867.11)	-2.15(-2.36 to -1.93)	107635.35 (79446.42-138530.82)	140504.3 (110033.3-176058.1)	5537.3 (4087.12-7126.71)	2318.34 (1815.56-2904.98)	-3.26(-3.48 to -3.03)
Western Europe	22370391.18 (19571635.58-25244029.65)	15195607.29 (13113796.69-17282053.16)	10080.52 (8729.87-11537.1)	6727.82 (5602.11-7941.72)	-1.15(-1.34 to -0.96)	18896665.79 (16342641.06-21741144.92)	10319682.29 (8789562.44-11960275.77)	9468.59 (8178.95-10993.89)	5043.42 (4152.02-6023.65)	-1.98(-2.16 to -1.79)
<5	399159.63 (256010.75-576938.57)	383503 (235383.52-561299.44)	3568.1 (2288.49-5157.27)	3705.57 (2274.38-5423.52)	0.12(-0.04 to 0.29)	703864.08 (468664.37-1007510.97)	604862.86 (389104.96-889676.11)	5980.25 (3981.92-8560.14)	5559.47 (3576.38-8177.28)	-0.13(-0.29 to 0.03)
5-14	1361685.52 (957372.48-1950004.51)	1331352.26 (903164.16-1957698.84)	5814.16 (4087.81-8326.17)	5829.97 (3954.94-8572.73)	0.02(-0.13 to 0.17)	1807252.69 (1257478.84-2609383.08)	1563652.48 (1055392.24-2313832.73)	7334.21 (5103.11-10589.43)	6500.93 (4387.82-9619.82)	-0.36(-0.44 to -0.29)
15-49	10122473.18 (7532415.64-13228370.71)	7032118.05 (5187315.79-9181438.4)	10594.07 (7883.34-13844.66)	7546.84 (5567.01-9853.48)	-0.85(-1.06 to -0.64)	8483906.78 (6442946.09-10869688.88)	4377954.25 (3212776.59-5674647.46)	8668.66 (6583.25-11106.4)	4592.36 (3370.12-5952.56)	-1.96(-2.12 to -1.79)
50-69	7235205.14 (6270075.23-8385302.93)	4201091.42 (3487146.44-4974693.26)	16695.74 (14468.63-19349.67)	7168.41 (5950.19-8488.43)	-2.67(-2.89 to -2.44)	5573356.47 (4664363.31-6628926.88)	2458420.08 (2044036.46-2884654.06)	14183.07 (11869.86-16869.28)	4362.16 (3626.88-5118.45)	-3.85(-4.1 to -3.61)
70+	3251867.7 (2804625.2-3728294.22)	2247542.56 (1939156.11-2572609.18)	13714.6 (11828.38-15723.91)	5997.78 (5174.82-6865.25)	-2.92(-3.11 to -2.73)	2328285.78 (1978220.6-2745099.58)	1314792.62 (1134301.21-1499075.31)	17076.14 (14508.69-20133.14)	4642.02 (4004.78-5292.66)	-4.57(-4.85 to -4.28)
Western Sub-Saharan Africa	4921747.71 (4149483.9-5897866.32)	9718861.3 (8199211.43-11422246)	5076.7 (4477.63-5746.69)	3976.34 (3514.96-4487.5)	-0.95(-1.02 to -0.89)	4483765.92 (3751213.9-5360945.57)	8944097.87 (7425434.3-10692824.98)	4213.61 (3657.14-4865.6)	3271.49 (2837.93-3779.36)	-0.96(-1.01 to -0.91)
<5	1114593.5 (818396.87-1492697.31)	1885245.75 (1381540.15-2538461.72)	6268.52 (4602.7-8394.99)	4786.2 (3507.41-6444.56)	-1.1(-1.19 to -1.01)	1178820.07 (859166.39-1574940.98)	2186283.9 (1603172.05-2905358.25)	6562.29 (4782.83-8767.43)	5389.07 (3951.73-7161.54)	-0.81(-0.89 to -0.73)
5-14	1652879.58 (1160807.07-2365679.17)	3347744.55 (2361602.68-4801645.15)	6243.35 (4384.67-8935.78)	4973.8 (3508.68-7133.89)	-0.79(-0.87 to -0.72)	1852117.27 (1344854.67-2592864.74)	4147379.55 (3017278.7-5811786.97)	7217.58 (5240.81-10104.22)	6144.44 (4470.17-8610.3)	-0.65(-0.7 to -0.59)
15-49	1533456.99 (1165684.39-1975405.69)	3200143 (2469136.81-4053279.27)	3516.71 (2673.29-4530.24)	2669.23 (2059.5-3380.83)	-1.11(-1.19 to -1.04)	957881.87 (727098.05-1242401.09)	1930425.25 (1499709.61-2456441.57)	2280.6 (1731.13-2958)	1764.16 (1370.54-2244.87)	-1(-1.06 to -0.94)
50-69	443884.14 (352966.95-552673.76)	1007642.04 (826845.72-1220958.8)	6196.42 (4927.26-7715.08)	5051.42 (4145.07-6120.8)	-0.82(-0.95 to -0.69)	394409.92 (311257.82-497252.96)	526655.51 (434039.66-633114.08)	4645.42 (3666.04-5856.72)	2983.49 (2458.82-3586.57)	-1.6(-1.69 to -1.5)
70+	176933.5 (137800.73-221680.17)	278085.97 (227283.4-336722.53)	8195.44 (6382.83-10268.07)	6487.71 (5302.49-7855.69)	-0.91(-1.02 to -0.8)	100536.79 (78296.15-125877.72)	153353.65 (126775.23-185140.98)	5405.31 (4209.55-6767.75)	3969.44 (3281.47-4792.22)	-1.09(-1.15 to -1.02)

Regionally, in 2021, Oceania exhibited the highest ASMR and ASDR for asthma in individuals aged 70 years and older across all regions(Tables 1 and 3). This result might be due to the high proportion of developed countries in Oceania, which may lead to a relatively more severe level of aging. Additionally, the environment in Oceania might be more prone to triggering the occurrence of asthma. Within Oceania, the lowest ASDR and ASMR for asthma were observed in the 5–14 year age group. Furthermore, in 2021, females across all age groups in this region demonstrated higher ASDR and ASMR for asthma compared to males(Tables 1 and 3).

Regarding the ASIR and ASPR of asthma, the highest values were recorded in the Caribbean for children younger than 5 years(Tables 1 and 4). In the Caribbean, both ASIR and ASPR for asthma decreased with increasing age. Therefore, in this region, early intervention strategies should be adopted to enhance the pediatric healthcare capabilities at the grassroots level and reduce the disease burden of childhood asthma. It is also noteworthy that, in individuals over 15 years of age, females experienced a greater asthma burden.

Trends in asthma burden from 1990 to 2021

Globally in 2021, asthma accounted for 436,192 deaths (95%UI:357,795.39–555,604.08), representing a significant increase compared to 1990. Specifically, the number of deaths attributable to asthma in men rose from 199,194 (95%UI: 160,292.45–337,528.63) in 1990 to 201,360 (95%UI: 166,971.22–313,506.9) in 2021(Table 1). Over the same period, female mortality increased from 175,183 (95%UI:128,275.05–236,774.18) to 234,832 (95%UI: 184,989.78–325,743.4)(Table 1). By contrast, the global ASMR for asthma exhibited a significant decline during the observed period. Specifically, the ASMR per 100,000 persons decreased from 11.64(95% UI: 9.19–20.44) to 5.26 (95% UI: 4.38–8.13) in males, and from 8.21(95% UI: 5.96–11.27) to 5.16 (95% UI: 4.07–7.14) in females(Table 1). The reduction of ASMR was more pronounced in males compared to females. In the past 32 years, the ASMR for asthma has shown the greatest improvement in children younger 5 years(Table 1). Furthermore, we observed that the ASMR improvement for asthma was more obvious in males across all age groups compared to females(Table 1,Fig S1). Consistent with global trends, all regions exhibited a decline in asthma mortality rates across various age groups. We observed a slower decline in asthma mortality rates in regions with lower SDI. Specifically, Oceania, a region characterized by a lower SDI, exhibited the slowest improvement in asthma mortality rate across all regions(Table 1). Furthermore, the reduction in asthma mortality rate among females aged 70 years and older was least obvious in this region(Table 1). However, at the national level, we identified a significant increase in age-standardized asthma mortality rates in both Lesotho and Zimbabwe, with a more pronounced increase observed in females(Table S1,Fig. 3a, b).

Fig. 3.

The EAPC of age-standardized rates caused by asthma for both sexs in 204 countries or territories from 1990 to 2021. (a) the EAPC of ASMR in male from 1990 to 2021; (b) the EAPC of ASMR in female from 1990 to 2021; (c) the EAPC of ASIR in male from 1990 to 2021; (d) the EAPC of ASIR in female from 1990 to 2021; (e) the EAPC of ASDR in male from 1990 to 2021; (f) the EAPC of ASDR in female from 1990 to 2021. ASIR: age-standardized incidence rate; ASMR: age-standardized mortality rate; ASDR: age-standardized DALYs rate; DALYs: disability-adjusted life years; EAPC: estimated annual percentage change

From 1990 to 2021, there was an overall improvement in asthma incidence among both males and females. However, during this period, a significant increase in the number of asthma incident episodes was observed in females aged 15 years and older; in contrast, asthma incidence increased among males only in the 15–49 and 70 + age groups(Table 2,Fig S2). Notably, the ASIR of asthma globally demonstrated a significant decreasing trend across all age groups. The most rapid decline in ASIR was observed in the 50–69 age group, while the slowest improvement was seen in children aged 5–14 years(Table 2,Fig S2). Furthermore, during the study period, a more rapid decline in asthma ASIR was observed in males compared to females across all age groups, excluding the 15–49 age bracket. Despite substantial reductions in asthma incidence rate across most regions, High-income North America exhibited either stable or increased incidence rates between 1990 and 2021(Table 2). Notably, asthma incidence rate increased more rapidly in male children under 15 years of age, with a subsequent reversal post-15 years. Similar trends were observed in ASPR and ASDR within this region. Specifically, the United States of America demonstrated a marked increase in asthma ASIR, ASDR, and ASPR for both males and females between 1990 and 2021(Table S2,Table S3,Table S4,Fig. 3).

Over the past 32 years, there has been a decline in the overall number of asthma prevalence among both males and females. However, a slight increase in the number of asthma prevalence was observed in the population aged 70 years and older(Table 4,Fig S3). Similarly, the ASPR of asthma has decreased to varying degrees across all populations. Furthermore, the decline in the ASPR of asthma was more pronounced in males compared to females across all age groups. The least significant improvement in the ASPR of asthma was observed in children aged 5–14 years, irrespective of sex (Table 4,Fig S3).

Analyzing asthma-attributed DALYs, we observed a slight increase in the absolute number of DALYs for females, contrasting with a decline in males(Table 3). From 1990 to 2021, the ASDR for asthma decreased across all age groups, with a more pronounced decline in males(Table 3,Fig S4). Notably, the ASDR for asthma in the 5–14 year age group exhibited the slowest decline for both sexes during this period. However, the fastest decline was observed in females under 5 years of age, while males aged 50–69 years experienced the most rapid decrease in asthma-related DALYs(Table 3). Conversely, in regions with higher SDI, such as Central Europe, High-income North America, and Southern Latin America, the ASPR and ASDR for asthma in children under 5 and aged 5–14 years showed a significant increasing trend from 1990 to 2021, with a more rapid increase in prevalence among the 5–14 year age group(Tables 3 and 4).

Risk factors

Globally, we estimated the number of asthma deaths to be 201,360 (95%UI: 166,971.22–313,506.9) in males and 234,832 (95% UI: 184,989.78–325,743.4) in females. In 2021, the primary risk factor for mortality from asthma in children under 15 years of age was high body mass index, observed in both males and females. This finding is consistent with observations over the past 32 years(Fig. 4a, b,c, d).

Fig. 4.

Percentage of deaths due to asthma attributable to each risk factor by sex and age from 1990 to 2021; a Risk factor for Male under 5 years; b Risk factor for Female under 5 years; c Risk factor for Male aged 5-14; d Risk factor for Female aged 5-14; e Risk factor for Male aged 15-49; f Risk factor for Female aged 15-49; g Risk factor for Male aged 50-69; h Risk factor for Female aged 50-69 ; i Risk factor for Male over 70 years; j Risk factor for Female over 70 years

In 2021, among males aged 15–49 years, occupational exposures represented the leading risk factor for asthma mortality(Fig. 4e). High body mass index and smoking exhibited comparable impacts within the same age cohort. Notably, the attributable proportion of high body mass index has progressively increased from 1990 to 2021, whereas smoking has demonstrated a declining trend. Conversely, in 2021, high BMI was the primary risk factor for asthma mortality in females aged 15–49 years, with a sustained increase in its attributable proportion from 1990 to 2021(Fig. 4f). Smoking represented the least influential risk factor in this demographic, with a consistent decline in its influence throughout the observation period.

Among males aged 50–69 years, the impact of smoking, occupational exposures, and high body mass index on asthma mortality exhibited comparable magnitudes(Fig. 4g). Conversely, in the same age cohort of females, high body mass index emerged as the predominant risk factor, accounting for over 50% of the attributable fraction, followed by occupational asthmagens and smoking(Fig. 4h). Notably, between 1990 and 2021, the influence of high body mass index on asthma mortality progressively increased within the 50–69 age group, while the impact of smoking demonstrated a declining trend. The attributable fraction associated with occupational asthmagens remained relatively stable over this period(Fig. 4g, h).

Among individuals aged 70 years and older, smoking exhibited the highest impact on asthma mortality rates in males, whereas high body mass index was most influential in females(Fig. 4i, j). Occupational asthmagens presented as the least significant risk factor within this age cohort, irrespective of sex. During the study period, the influence of a high body mass index on asthma mortality rates demonstrated a notable increase in both males and females, while the impact of smoking showed a slight decline.

Furthermore, we observed that high body mass index represents the most significant risk factor for asthma mortality among females across all age cohorts(Fig. 4). In women aged 15 years and older, the impact of smoking and high body mass index on asthma mortality escalates with advancing age, while the influence of occupational factors diminishes. By contrast, the structure of risk factors varies across different age groups in males. Within each age group, the contribution of smoking to asthma mortality in males consistently surpasses that of females; conversely, the risk associated with high body mass index consistently exerts a greater influence on female asthma mortality compared to males(Fig. 4).

Furthermore, we analyzed the risk factor composition attributable to asthma-related disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)(Fig S5). We observed that the risk factors contributing to asthma DALYs in individuals under 50 years of age differed from those associated with asthma mortality. However, the risk factor analysis for asthma DALYs in those aged 50 and older aligned with the analysis of mortality risk factors. For children under 15 years of age in 2021, the primary risk factors contributing to asthma DALYs were high body mass index and NO2 inhalation, respectively. From 1990 to 2021, the impact of high body mass index as a risk factor increased annually, while the impact of NO2 inhalation decreased. In 2021, the leading risk factor for asthma DALYs in males aged 15–49 was occupational exposure, with NO2 inhalation having the lowest impact. Conversely, for females aged 15–49, high body mass index had the greatest impact on asthma DALYs, and NO2 inhalation had the least(Fig S5e, f). Moreover, we noted that the influence of high body mass index on asthma increased over time within the same age groups, while the impact of smoking decreased annually, starting from 1990(Fig S5). For the 50–69 and 70 + age groups, the risk factor analysis was consistent with the analysis of asthma mortality risk factors.

Joinpoint model

We employed joinpoint regression analysis to segment the temporal trends of global asthma burden in males and females, estimating the annual percentage change (APC) for each segment to analyze the changing trends(Fig. 5). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed a declining trend in overall asthma ASIR from 1990 to 2021 for both sexes, with a more pronounced decline in males(Fig. 5b). Notably, we observed a significant increase in asthma ASIR from 2005 to 2010 for both sexes, with a more marked increase in males. Furthermore, from 2018 to 2021, asthma ASIR showed a significant increase in females, contrasting with a stable ASIR in males(Fig. 5b).

Fig. 5.

Joinpoint regression analysis of the asthma disease burden temporal trends, 1990–2021. (a) age-standardized mortality rates; (b) age-standardized incidence rates; (c) age-standardized DALYs rates; DALYs: disability-adjusted life years

In contrast to the ASIR trends, asthma ASMR decreased continuously over the past 32 years for both sexes, with a more significant decline in males overall(Fig. 5a). Notably, females showed the most significant decline in ASMR between 2018 and 2021, while males experienced the most significant decline during 1997–2000.

From 1990 to 2021, the asthma ASDR declined more rapidly in males compared to females(Fig. 5c). The most rapid decline in asthma ASDR occurred in females from 1996 to 2001 and the slowest from 2014 to 2021. In comparison, the most rapid decline in asthma ASDR in males occurred from 1997 to 2000, and the slowest from 2006 to 2009.

ARIMA predictive model

We employed an ARIMA predictive model to forecast asthma burden trends over the next 15 years, based on an analysis of the past 32 years of asthma burden(Fig. 6). The ARIMA model indicates a consistent decline in global ASDR and ASMR from 1990 to 2021, a trend projected to continue over the next 15 years(Fig. 6a, c). We observed a general decline in asthma ASIR and ASPR during the study period, with some fluctuations noted between 2005 and 2015(Fig. 6b, d). However, a sustained decrease in ASIR and ASPR is anticipated in the future. Despite the projected decline in ASPR, it is noteworthy that by 2036, approximately 3,000 individuals per 100,000 are still expected to be affected by asthma. Furthermore, the absolute number of asthma cases in 2036 is projected to remain high due to aging and shifts in population demographics, indicating that asthma will continue to pose a significant disease burden in the future. Furthermore, we utilized ARIMA predictive models to project the trends in asthma burden across various age groups for both males and females over the next 15 years(Fig S6,Fig S7,Fig S8,Fig S9). Notably, the ASIR of asthma in individuals aged 50 years and older is expected to show a significant upward trend, highlighting an increasing future burden(Fig S6). In contrast, the overall decline in asthma burden is more evident among males than females. As a result, the projected asthma burden is likely to remain higher in females, underscoring the need for increased attention to asthma incidence within this demographic.

Fig. 6.

Global changing trend and prediction rate of asthma-related burden for next 15 years, stratified by sex. (a) age-standardized mortality rates; (b) age-standardized incidence rates; (c) age-standardized DALYs rates; (d) age-standardized prevalence rates; DALYs: disability-adjusted life years

Discussion

This study utilized the GBD database to analyze the disease burden of asthma across different sexes and age groups. We observed that age and sex significantly influence the severity and trends of the asthma disease burden. In this GBD analysis, we assessed the sex-age specific patterns of asthma burden at global, regional, and national levels, demonstrating the varying trends of decreasing disease burden across age and sex. Understanding the age-sex specific patterns of asthma is crucial for more precise diagnosis, personalized treatment strategies, improves prediction of disease progression and prognosis, and enhances patient management.

Analysis of the 2021 GBD database revealed differential impacts of sex and age on the asthma disease burden. Compared to females, the age-adjusted disease burden of asthma declined more significantly in males over the study period. In terms of absolute numbers, the variation tendency in asthma disease burden were similar between males and females. Notably, while asthma DALYs decreased in males, female DALYs showed a significant increase over the past 32 years.

Emerging evidence indicates the correlation between asthma incidence and severity with age and sex [20]. Prior to puberty, asthma incidence is higher in males; however, this pattern reverses post-puberty, with a higher incidence observed in females, and this sex disparity declines with advancing age. Similar findings have been reported in European studies assessing asthma incidence by age and sex [21]. This shift may be related to the influence of hormonal effects [22]. Sex hormones can significantly impact allergic inflammation in asthma. Androgens directly modulate immune responses by downregulating type 2 inflammation, thereby reducing asthma incidence and potentially alleviating asthma symptoms [23, 24]. Conversely, estrogens exert the opposite effect [25]. Notably, the higher prevalence in females is attributed to an increase in female asthma incidence rather than a decline in asthma among males after puberty [26].

However, asthma mortality and age-specific mortality rates (ASMR) did not exhibit similar trend. In most age groups, female mortality slightly exceeded that of males, with the exception of the 5–14 age group, where male mortality was higher. This may be attributed to greater activity levels and allergen exposure in males compared to females in this age group, as well as lower adherence to asthma treatment among male children, leading to inadequate control of asthma symptoms [27]. We observed that the burden of asthma mortality is age-related, with the highest mortality rates in both males and females occurring in the 70 + age group. This peak in mortality rates in this age group is primarily due to the increased disease burden in older asthma patients. Older patients often have multiple complications that may affect asthma diagnosis, symptom severity, treatment selection, which may prevent timely diagnosis and treatment of asthma meanwhile increase the burden of older patients with asthma [28], potentially contributing to higher asthma mortality rates. However, these findings are inconsistent with observations from a U.S. study, which reported higher asthma mortality rates in males aged 35 years and younger [29].

Sex-specific differences are related to asthma severity, symptom perception, and economic burden. Studies indicate that the impact of asthma on symptoms and quality of life differs between males and females, potentially in relation to age. Compared to males, females may report more asthma symptoms, reduced quality of life, and a higher incidence of complications [30–32]. This may be result from heightened airway obstruction perception and increased anxiety levels in females [27, 33]. Furthermore, asthma severity is often greater in females with increased healthcare utilization. Hospitalization rates and medication costs are also significantly higher in females compared to males [34]. Notably, female asthma patients exhibit a greater risk of complications, such as hypertension and neurological disorders [35].

From 1990 to 2021, we observed a global decline in the asthma burden for both males and females, potentially attributable to increased global awareness and prioritization of asthma management. This may be attributed to the fact that more countries are paying attention to the global burden of asthma, and in order to better provide the best treatment for asthma, countries around the world have developed various asthma management guidelines [36]. Over the past 32 years globally, we have invested heavily in using big data such as U-BIOPRED to gain a more comprehensive understanding of asthma management, thereby improving asthma burden [37]. However, certain regions and countries have exhibited an increase in asthma burden, contrasting with the overall downward trend. Notably, high-income North America displayed a significant upward trend in Age-Standardized Incidence Rate (ASIR), Age-Standardized Death Rate (ASDR), and Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate (ASPR) for both males and females during the study period. Concurrently, we also observed a marked increase in the absolute numbers of asthma prevalence, incidence, and mortality in high-income North America. Furthermore, in 2021,we found that low-middle income countries (LMICs) exhibited a higher overall asthma burden, consistent with previous research indicating that approximately 90% of the global asthma burden is borne by LMICs [38]. Moreover, some LMICs was report uncontrolled asthma rates as high as 90% [39, 40], potentially leading to significantly elevated asthma mortality rates in these regions. This outcome may also be resulted from the lack of disease awareness and limited access to asthma treatment in LMICs [41].

Consequently, we noticed substantial disparities in asthma burden indicators across diverse regions and countries. Research from Latin America suggests that urbanization, migration, and alterations in lifestyle and environment may influence asthma prevalence, thereby contributing to the prevalence differences [42]. Furthermore, we posit that national income levels may also contribute to variations in asthma burden [38]. These disparities likely reflect gaps in asthma management and care. Studies indicate that limited healthcare resources and restricted access to affordable medications in low-middle income countries impede effective disease management [43].

At the risk factor level, the impact of high BMI on the asthma disease burden has progressively increased across all age groups throughout the study period. Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that obesity is associated with an increased likelihood of asthma onset, and obese asthma patients experience poorer health outcomes, including more frequent asthma symptoms, reduced quality of life, increased healthcare utilization, and greater asthma severity [44, 45]. Concurrently, we observed that the influence of high BMI on asthma burden indicators consistently exceeded that of males. This aligns with previous research findings [46].

Conversely, we noted a declining trend in the impact of smoking on the asthma disease burden over time. However, smoking remains a significant risk factor for asthma burden. Numerous studies have indicated that both active and passive smoking are associated with an increased incidence of adult asthma [47]. Furthermore, asthmatics who smoke may experience less controlled symptoms, a higher risk of exacerbations, and increased healthcare visits [48]. Additionally, we observed a substantial impact of NO2 inhalation on DALYs related to asthma during childhood. Research has established a causal relationship between long-term NO2 exposure and childhood asthma [49, 50]. Therefore, we advocate for continued government policies focused on air quality control and dietary adjustments, alongside proactive measures to prevent occupational asthma, as it represents a critical risk factor for the development and exacerbation of asthma in middle-aged individuals.

In summary, we utilized the GBD 2021 database to analyze the age-sex-specific asthma disease burden, examining temporal trends in asthma burden across different regions for both males and females. Furthermore, we employed ARIMA model to project the future 15-year asthma burden for each sex. Understanding the sex-age related differences in asthma burden is crucial for the assessment and management of asthma patients and should be a focal point of research. The analysis provides valuable epidemiological insights for the further control and management of asthma.

These findings provide valuable epidemiological information for the development of innovative treatment methods, while emphasizing the necessity of continuously improving asthma diagnosis, treatment and management policies. Therefore, it is necessary to make joint efforts in education, policies, and medical practice to reduce the burden of asthma diseases in the future. At the same time, it is urgent to increase government investment in healthcare for the management and control of asthma diseases to reduce the risk of death.

Limitation

This study, similar to other Global Burden of Disease (GBD) studies, is subject to notable limitations. Firstly, there may be certain differences in the management of asthma among different countries and regions. In some less developed countries and regions, the medical standards are lower, which may lead to misdiagnosis and insufficient diagnosis, further resulting in an underestimation of the disease and affecting comparability. Secondly, the key data of the GBD database mainly comes from model data, lacking original national data, which may cause problems in the completeness and quality of the data.

Conclusions

Asthma burden shows age-sex differences—heavier in males before puberty and females after puberty; high BMI is the primary risk factor for asthma burden in females across all age groups, while males’ primary risk factors shift with age (from high BMI to occupational exposures, then to smoking). High BMI’s impact on asthma burden increased annually while smoking’s declined, so continuous monitoring and age-specific targeted interventions are crucial.

Abbreviations

SDI

Sociodemographic Index

DALYs

Disability-Adjusted Life Years

GBD

Global Burden of Disease

ASIR

Age-Standardized Incidence Rate

ASPR

Age-Standardized Prevalence Rate

ASDR

Age-Standardized Disability Rate

ASMR

Age-Standardized Mortality Rate

EAPC

Estimate Annual Percentage Change

Authors’ contributions

Conceptualization: Qi Cheng; Methodology: Rongmei Ding, Sinuo Wu; Writing original draft preparation: Sinuo Wu; Writing review and editing: Wei Xu, Yunxiao Shang, Wanjie Huang; Funding acquisition: Qi Cheng, Wanjie Huang; Supervision: Yunxiao Shang, Wei Xu; Review and Editing: Ling Jin, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China < Grant No. 82470015 [to < Qi Cheng >], the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China under Grant No. 2023JH2/101600022 [to < Qi Cheng >].

the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province of China under Grant No. 2024-MSLH-603 [to < Wanjie Huang >].

Data availability

This study analyzes publicly available datasets accessible within the the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-results/.

Declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This article does not contain personal data.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.