Skip to main content
PMC home page
Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society logoLink to Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society
. 1975;73:491–553.

Fluorescein angiography: its contributions towards understanding the mechanisms of visual loss in glaucoma.

G L Spaeth
PMCID: PMC1311466  PMID: 1246814

Full text

PDF
550

Images in this article

510FIGURE 3A
on p.510
511FIGURE 3B
on p.511
513FIGURE 4
on p.513
514FIGURE 5
on p.514
516FIGURE 6
on p.516
517FIGURE 7
on p.517
525FIGURE 8
on p.525
527FIGURE 9
on p.527
528FIGURE 10
on p.528
529FIGURE 11
on p.529
530FIGURE 12
on p.530
532FIGURE 13
on p.532
533FIGURE 14
on p.533
535FIGURE 15
on p.535
536FIGURE 16
on p.536
539FIGURE 17
on p.539
541FIGURE 18
on p.541

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Alm A., Bill A. Blood flow and oxygen extraction in the cat uvea at normal and high intraocular pressures. Acta Physiol Scand. 1970 Sep;80(1):19–28. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1970.tb04765.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Alm A., Bill A. Ocular and optic nerve blood flow at normal and increased intraocular pressures in monkeys (Macaca irus): a study with radioactively labelled microspheres including flow determinations in brain and some other tissues. Exp Eye Res. 1973 Jan 1;15(1):15–29. doi: 10.1016/0014-4835(73)90185-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Alm A., Bill A. The oxygen supply to the retina. I. Effects of changes in intraocular and arterial blood pressures, and in arterial P O2 and P CO2 on the oxygen tension in the vitreous body of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand. 1972 Feb;84(2):261–274. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1972.tb05177.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Alterman M., Henkind P. Radial peripapillary capillaries of the retina. II. Possible role in Bjerrum scotoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968 Jan;52(1):26–31. doi: 10.1136/bjo.52.1.26. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Anderson D. R., Davis E. B. Retina and optic nerve after posterior ciliary artery occlusion. An experimental study in squirrel monkeys. Arch Ophthalmol. 1974 Nov;92(5):422–426. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1974.01010010434013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Anderson D. R., Hendrickson A. Effect of intraocular pressure on rapid axoplasmic transport in monkey optic nerve. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974 Oct;13(10):771–783. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Anderson D. R. Vascular supply to the optic nerve of primates. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970 Sep;70(3):341–351. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)90093-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Archer D. B., Ernest J. T., Krill A. E. Retinal, choroidal, and papillary circulations under conditions of induced ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol. 1972 Jun;73(6):834–845. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(72)90450-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Armaly M. F. The visual field defect and ocular pressure level in open angle glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol. 1969 Feb;8(1):105–124. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. BILL A. Intraocular pressure and blood flow through the uvea. Arch Ophthalmol. 1962 Mar;67:336–348. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020338010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Begg I. S., Drance S. M., Goldman H. Fluorescein angiography in the evaluation of focal circulatory ischaemia of the optic nervehead in relation to the arcuate scotoma in glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1972 Jan;7(1):68–74. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Begg I. S., Drance S. M., Sweeney V. P. Haemorrhage on the disc--a sign of acute ischaemic optic neuropathy in chronic simple glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1970 Oct;5(4):321–330. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ben-Sira I., Riva C. E. Fluorescein angiography and ocular hemodynamics. Effect of ocular pigments on choroidal fluorescence during induced ocular hypertension. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Dec;12(12):896–903. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ben-Sira I., Riva C. E. Fluorophotometric recording of fluorescein dilution curves in human retinal vessels. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Apr;12(4):310–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Blumenthal M., Best M., Galin M. A., Toyofuku H. Peripapillary choroidal circulation in glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1971 Jul;86(1):31–38. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.01000010033008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Bulpitt C. J., Dollery C. T. Estimation of retinal blood flow by measurement of the mean circulation time. Cardiovasc Res. 1971 Jul;5(3):406–412. doi: 10.1093/cvr/5.3.406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Bunt A. H. Effects of vinblastine on microtubule structure and axonal transport in ganglion cells of the rabbit retina. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Aug;12(8):579–590. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. CRISTINI G. Common pathological basis of the nervous ocular symptoms in chronic glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1951 Jan;35(1):11–20. doi: 10.1136/bjo.35.1.11. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. CRISTINI G. Common pathological basis of the nervous ocular symptoms in chronic glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1951 Jan;35(1):11–20. doi: 10.1136/bjo.35.1.11. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. DRANCE S. M. Studies in the susceptibility of the eye to raised intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol. 1962 Oct;68:478–485. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030482009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Dobromyslov A. N., Kvasova M. D. O prognosticheskom znachenii davleniia v kapilliarakh setchatki u bol'nykh prostoi glaukomoi. Vestn Oftalmol. 1970 May-Jun;3:19–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Dollery C. T., Henkind P., Kohner E. M., Paterson J. W. Effect of raised intraocular pressure on the retinal and choroidal circulation. Invest Ophthalmol. 1968 Apr;7(2):191–198. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Drance S. M., Morgan R. W., Sweeney V. P. Shock-induced optic neuropathy: a cause of nonprogressive glaucoma. N Engl J Med. 1973 Feb 22;288(8):392–395. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197302222880804. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Ebner R. Die Prognose des Glaukoms in Hinblick auf den arteriellen Blutdruck. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1967 Nov 18;117(46):1024–1026. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ekbom K. A. Scotoma due to arterial hypotension. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1973;51(3):375–382. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1973.tb06015.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ernest J. T., Archer D. Fluorescein angiography of the optic disk. Am J Ophthalmol. 1973 Jun;75(6):973–978. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(73)91084-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Ernest J. T. Autoregulation of optic-disk oxygen tension. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974 Feb;13(2):101–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Feldman F., Sweeney V. P., Drance S. M. Cerebro-vascular studies in chronic simple glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1969 Oct;4(4):358–364. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Ferrer O. Retinal circulation times. Studies by means of fluorescein rapid sequence photography. Ophthalmologica. 1969;157(2):89–103. doi: 10.1159/000305632. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Flower R. W. Injection technique for indocyanine green and sodium fluorescein dye angiography of the eye. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 Dec;12(12):881–895. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Font R. L., Naumann G. Ocular histopathology in pulseless disease. Arch Ophthalmol. 1969 Dec;82(6):784–788. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1969.00990020776011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. GAFNER F., GOLDMANN H. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Zusammenhang von Augendrucksteigerung und Gesichtsfeldschädigung. Ophthalmologica. 1955 Dec;130(6):357–377. doi: 10.1159/000302700. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Gnad H. D. Ein Verfahren zur Fluorescenzkinematographie der menschlichen Netzhaut. Albrecht Von Graefes Arch Klin Exp Ophthalmol. 1971;182(1):82–88. doi: 10.1007/BF00406520. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. HARRINGTON D. O. The pathogenesis of the glaucoma field: clinical evidence that circulatory insufficiency in the optic nerve is the primary cause of visual field loss in glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1959 May;47(5 Pt 2):177–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Haining W. M. A new cine fluorographic technique and its application to investigation of the retinal circulation. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U K. 1972;92:169–172. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Haining W. M., Lancaster R. C. Advanced techniques for fluorescein angiography. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968 Jan;79(1):10–15. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1968.03850040012005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Hayreh S. S. Blood supply of the optic nerve head and its role in optic atrophy, glaucoma, and oedema of the optic disc. Br J Ophthalmol. 1969 Nov;53(11):721–748. doi: 10.1136/bjo.53.11.721. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Hayreh S. S. Pathogenesis of cupping of the optic disc. Br J Ophthalmol. 1974 Oct;58(10):863–876. doi: 10.1136/bjo.58.10.863. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Hayreh S. S., Revie I. H., Edwards J. Vasogenic origin of visual field defects and optic nerve changes in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 1970 Jul;54(7):461–472. doi: 10.1136/bjo.54.7.461. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Hayreh S. S., Walker W. M. Fluorescent fundus photography in glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967 May;63(5):982–989. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(67)90044-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Henkind P., Levitzky M. Angioarchitecture of the optic nerve. I. The papilla. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969 Dec;68(6):979–986. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(69)93437-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Henkind P. Symposium on glaucoma: joint meeting with the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness. New observations on the radial peripapillary capillaries. Invest Ophthalmol. 1967 Apr;6(2):103–108. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Hochheimer B. F. Angiography of the retina with indocyanine green. Arch Ophthalmol. 1971 Nov;86(5):564–565. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1971.01000010566014. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Hodge J. V., Clemett R. S. Improved method for fluorescence angiography of the retina. Am J Ophthalmol. 1966 Jun;61(6):1400–1404. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(66)90477-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Hoyt W. F., Newman N. M. The earliest observable defect in glaucoma? Lancet. 1972 Mar 25;1(7752):692–693. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)90500-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Hyvarinen L., Maumenee A. E., George T., Weinstein G. W. Fluorescein angiography of the choriocapillaris. Am J Ophthalmol. 1969 May;67(5):653–666. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9394(69)90987-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. JAEGER E. A., WEEKS S. D., DUANE T. D. PERIMETRIC AND VISUAL ACUITY CHANGES DURING OPHTHALMODYNAMOMETRY. SIMILARITY TO GLAUCOMATOUS FIELD DEFECTS. Arch Ophthalmol. 1964 Apr;71:484–488. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1964.00970010500008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Johnson D. G., Drance S. M. Some studies on the circulation in patients with advanced open angle glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1968 Apr;3(2):149–153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Kogure K., David N. J., Yamanouchi U., Choromokos E. Infrared absorption angiography of the fundus circulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 1970 Feb;83(2):209–214. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1970.00990030211015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Kornzweig A. L., Eliasoph I., Feldstein M. Selective atrophy of the radial peripapillary capillaries in chronic glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 1968 Dec;80(6):696–702. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1968.00980050698002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Laatikainen L., Mäntylä P. Effects of a fall in the intraocular pressure level on the peripapillary fluorescein angiogram in chronic opern-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1974;52(5):625–633. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01098.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Leighton D. A., Phillips C. I. Systemic blood pressure in open-angle glaucoma, low tension glaucoma, and the normal eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 1972 Jun;56(6):447–453. doi: 10.1136/bjo.56.6.447. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Levy N. S. Editorial: Functional implications of axoplasmic transport. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974 Sep;13(9):639–640. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Levy N. S. The effects of elevated intraocular pressure on slow axonal protein flow. Invest Ophthalmol. 1974 Sep;13(9):691–695. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Lindsay A. Aetiology of field loss in chronic glaucoma. Can J Ophthalmol. 1971 Jul;6(3):212–217. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Machemer R., Norton E. W., Gass J. D., Choromokos E. Pseudofluorescence--a problem in interpretation of fluorescein angiograms. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970 Jul;70(1):1–10. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)90658-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Matsui K. [Studies of retinal circulation with fluorescein fundus angiography]. Nihon Ganka Kiyo. 1970 Jun;21(6):483–495. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Morgan R. W. Open-angle glaucoma: an epidemiologist's view. Can J Ophthalmol. 1972 Jan;7(1):75–79. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. NOVOTNY H. R., ALVIS D. L. A method of photographing fluorescence in circulating blood in the human retina. Circulation. 1961 Jul;24:82–86. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.24.1.82. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Oosterhuis J. A., Boen-Tan T. N. Choroidal fluorescence in the normal human eye. Ophthalmologica. 1971;162(4):246–260. doi: 10.1159/000306287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Oosterhuis J. A., Gortzak-Moorstein N. Fluorescein angiography of the optic disc in glaucoma. Ophthalmologica. 1970;160(5):331–353. doi: 10.1159/000306035. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. PEMBERTON J. W., BRITTON W. A. THE ARM-RETINA CIRCULATION TIME. Arch Ophthalmol. 1964 Mar;71:364–370. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1964.00970010380012. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Palamarchuk G. S. Prognosticheskoe znachenie pokazatelia Lobshteina pri glaukome. Vestn Oftalmol. 1968 Jan-Feb;81(1):16–19. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Raitta C., Sarmela T. Fluorescein angiography of the optic disc and the peripapillary area in chronic glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1970;48(2):303–308. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.1970.tb08199.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Riehm E., Podestà H. H., Bartsch C. Untersuchungen über die Durchblutun in Netzhautkapillaren bei intraokularen Drucksteigerungen. Ophthalmologica. 1972;164(4):249–251. doi: 10.1159/000306759. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Rosen E. S., Boyd T. A. New method of assessing choroidal ischemia in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970 Dec;70(6):912–921. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)92467-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Said A., Labib M. A., Abboud I., Hegazi A. The relationship between systemic hypertension and chronic simple glaucoma. Bull Ophthalmol Soc Egypt. 1967;60(64):71–81. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Samson F. E., Jr Mechanism of axoplasmic transport. J Neurobiol. 1971;2(4):347–360. doi: 10.1002/neu.480020407. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Saraux H., Biais B. Les formes spontanément curables de la névrite optique de Leber. Bull Soc Ophtalmol Fr. 1969 Feb;69(2):139–143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Schonbach J., Cuénod M. Axoplasmic streaming and proteins in th retino-tectal neurons of the pigeon. Acta Neuropathol. 1971;5(Suppl):153–161. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-47449-1_20. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Schwartz B. Cupping and pallor of the optic disc. Arch Ophthalmol. 1973 Apr;89(4):272–277. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1973.01000040274002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Spaeth G. L. Pathogenesis of visual loss in patients with glaucoma. Pathologic and sociologic considerations. Trans Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1971 Mar-Apr;75(2):296–317. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Swietliczko I., David N. J. Fluorescein angiography in experimental ocular hypertension. Am J Ophthalmol. 1970 Sep;70(3):351–363. doi: 10.1016/0002-9394(70)90094-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Weiter J. J., Schachar R. A., Ernest J. T. Control of intraocular blood flow. I. Intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973 May;12(5):327–331. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Wessing A. Erfahrungen mit neuen Filtern für die Fluoreszenzangiographie. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1974 Aug;165(2):302–308. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Yannuzzi L. A., Fisher Y. L., Levy J. H. A classification of abnormal fundus fluorescence. Ann Ophthalmol. 1971 Jul;3(7):711–718. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Zaretskaia R. B., Trutneva K. V., Zubareva T. V. Oksigemograficheskie pokazateli u lits s podozreniem na glaukomu. Oftalmol Zh. 1972;27(4):276–280. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society are provided here courtesy of American Ophthalmological Society

RESOURCES