本文亮点
(1) 证实中性粒细胞中CD177水平与CD10水平的比值(以下简称CD177/CD10比)升高是烧伤患者感染高风险期发生感染的独立危险因素,其对烧伤感染风险的预测价值高于目前常用炎症指标,更加可靠。
(2) 基于大样本健康人群建立了中性粒细胞中CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围,为临床早期鉴别无菌性急性应激与继发性病原菌感染提供了可靠的基线参考。
Keywords: 烧伤, 感染, 预测, 中性粒细胞, CD177水平与CD10水平的比值, 风险评估
Abstract
目的
探讨中性粒细胞中CD177水平与CD10水平的比值(以下简称CD177/CD10比)在烧伤患者感染风险预测中的价值,并建立其正常参考值范围。
方法
该研究为横断面研究。2023年2月—2025年11月,南京医科大学附属苏州医院收治61例符合入选标准的烧伤患者,其中男52例、女9例,年龄41.0(32.0,55.0)岁,其中59例患者进行了伤后1 d急性应激期炎症指标监测,48例患者进行了伤后3~14 d感染高风险期炎症指标监测(以下简称高风险期监测);同期招募于该单位体检中心体检且结果正常的204名健康志愿者,其中男110人、女94人,年龄47.5(31.0,67.0)岁。利用流式细胞术监测患者伤后1、3、5、7、10、14 d和健康志愿者的中性粒细胞中CD177和CD10的水平。根据是否发生感染,将行高风险期监测的患者分为感染组(31例)和非感染组(17例),比较2组患者入院时烧伤总面积等一般资料,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞、C反应蛋白水平、降钙素原水平、CD177水平、CD10水平、CD177/CD10比等炎症指标,以及序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分,筛选影响行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的危险因素,其中感染组患者取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染组患者取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值进行分析(选取数据后同)。采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线,评估前述炎症指标及SOFA评分对行高风险期监测的患者感染风险的预测价值。分析行高风险期监测的患者CD177水平与CD10水平的相关性,比较健康志愿者、患者急性应激期及感染高风险期CD177水平、CD10水平与CD177/CD10比。基于健康志愿者数据,采用非参数百分位数法建立CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围。
结果
感染组与非感染组患者在烧伤总面积、C反应蛋白水平、SOFA评分、CD177水平、CD10水平、CD177/CD10比方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(Z值分别为-2.08、-2.58、0.04、-2.72、-2.86、-3.20,P < 0.05)。单因素logistic回归分析结果显示,烧伤总面积和lg(CD177/CD10比)均是行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的危险因素(OR分别为1.03、6.91,95%CI分别为1.00~1.06、1.84~25.91,P < 0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,lg(CD177/CD10比)是行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的独立危险因素(OR=5.73,95%CI为1.11~29.60,P < 0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,CD177/CD10比预测行高风险期监测的患者感染风险的曲线下面积最大,为0.78(95%CI为0.65~0.91),其最佳截断值为3.84,最佳截断值下的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为58.06%、94.12%、76.09%、94.74%、55.17%。在行高风险期监测的患者中,CD177水平与CD10水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.60,P < 0.05)。与健康志愿者、患者急性应激期比较,患者感染高风险期CD10水平显著降低(P值均 < 0.05),CD177水平与CD177/CD10比均显著升高(P < 0.05)。建立的CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围为0~0.64。
结论
中性粒细胞中CD177/CD10比对烧伤患者感染风险具有一定的预测价值,预测价值高于白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞、C反应蛋白水平、降钙素原水平和SOFA评分。建立的CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围为0~0.64。
Highlights
(1) It was confirmed that an elevated ratio of CD177 level to CD10 level (hereinafter referred to as CD177/CD10 ratio) in neutrophils was an independent risk factor for infection during the high-risk period of infection in burn patients. Its predictive value for burn infection risk is higher and more reliable than that of commonly used inflammatory markers.
(2) A normal reference range of the CD177/CD10 ratio in neutrophils was established based on a large cohort of healthy individuals, providing a reliable baseline reference for the early clinical differentiation between sterile acute stress and secondary pathogenic bacterial infection.
Keywords: Burns, Infection, Forecasting, Neutrophils, Ratio of CD177 level to CD10 level, Risk assessment
Abstract
Objective
To explore the value of the ratio of CD177 level to CD10 level (hereinafter referred to as CD177/CD10 ratio) in neutrophils in predicting infection risk in burn patients, and to establish its normal reference range.
Methods
This study was a cross-sectional study. From February 2023 to November 2025, 61 burn patients who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, including 52 males and 9 females, aged 41.0 (32.0, 55.0) years. Among them, 59 patients underwent inflammatory marker monitoring during the acute stress period on post injury day 1, and 48 patients underwent inflammatory marker monitoring during the high-risk period for infection (hereinafter referred to as high-risk period monitoring) from post injury day 3 to 14. During the same period, 204 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations in the physical examination center of the same unit with normal examination results were recruited, including 110 males and 94 females, aged 47.5 (31.0, 67.0) years. Flow cytometry was used to monitor the levels of CD177 and CD10 in the neutrophils from patients on post injury day 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14, as well as from healthy volunteers. According to whether infection occurred, the patients who underwent high-risk period monitoring were divided into infection group (n=31) and non-infection group (n=17). General information such as total burn area at admission, as well as inflammatory markers such as the white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil, C-reactive protein level, procalcitonin level, CD177 level, CD10 level, and CD177/CD10 ratio, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores were compared between the two groups of patients to screen for risk factors affecting the occurrence of infection in patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring. For patients in infection group, the most recent detection data before the confirmed infection was taken for analysis, and for patients in non-infection group, the highest values detected from post injury day 3 to 14 were taken for analysis (the same data selection below). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of the aforementioned inflammatory markers and SOFA score for the infection risk in patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring. The correlation between CD177 level and CD10 level in patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring was analyzed. The CD177 level, CD10 level, and CD177/CD10 ratio were compared among healthy volunteers, patients during the acute stress period and high-risk period for infection. Based on the data of healthy volunteers, the normal reference range for the CD177/CD10 ratio was established using the non-parametric percentile method.
Results
There were statistically significant differences between patients in infection group and non-infection group in terms of total burn area, C-reactive protein level, SOFA score, CD177 level, CD10 level, and CD177/CD10 ratio (with Z values of -2.08, -2.58, 0.04, -2.72, -2.86, and -3.20, respectively, P < 0.05). The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that both total burn area and the lg (CD177/CD10 ratio) were risk factors for infection in patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring (with ORs of 1.03 and 6.91, respectively, 95%CIs of 1.00 to 1.06 and 1.84 to 25.91, respectively, P < 0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the lg (CD177/CD10 ratio) was an independent risk factor for infection in patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring (OR=5.73, with a 95%CI of 1.11 to 29.60, P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the CD177/CD10 ratio had the largest area under the curve for predicting the infection risk in patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring, which was 0.78 (with a 95%CI of 0.65 to 0.91). Its optimal cut-off value was 3.84, with the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value at the optimal cut-off value being 58.06%, 94.12%, 76.09%, 94.74%, and 55.17%, respectively. In patients undergoing high-risk period monitoring, the CD177 level was significantly negatively correlated with the CD10 level (r=-0.60, P < 0.05). Compared with those of healthy volunteers and patients in the acute stress period, the CD10 level of patients in the high-risk period for infection was significantly decreased (with P values both < 0.05), while the CD177 level and the CD177/CD10 ratio were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The established normal reference range for the CD177/CD10 ratio was 0-0.64.
Conclusions
The CD177/CD10 ratio in neutrophils has a certain predictive value for the infection risk in burn patients, and its predictive value is higher than that of white blood cell count, neutrophil count, neutrophil, C-reactive protein level, procalcitonin level, and SOFA score. The established normal reference range for the CD177/CD10 ratio is 0-0.64.
Keywords: Burns, Infection, Forecasting, Neutrophils, Ratio of CD177 level to CD10 level, Risk assessment
烧伤是由热力、电流、化学制剂及放射线等因素造成的特殊类型创伤,不仅会造成皮肤屏障的损伤,还会诱发强烈的SIRS和继发性免疫抑制,极易导致严重感染乃至多器官功能障碍和死亡[1-5]。烧伤后2 d内处于以无菌性炎症为主的急性应激期[6-7],而烧伤后3~14 d则进入高代谢与免疫紊乱的感染高风险期[8-10]。目前临床上主要依赖C反应蛋白、降钙素原等传统指标监测感染[11-13],然而,这些指标极易受到烧伤早期体温升高、心动过速等非特异性炎症反应的临床表现及血常规指标波动的干扰,导致临床难以准确区分无菌性创伤应激及继发性病原菌感染[11-14]。因此,寻找能在复杂SIRS背景下实现感染早期预测的生物标志物具有重要的临床价值。
中性粒细胞作为先天免疫应答的核心效应细胞,对病原菌感染高度敏感,是感染早期预测的关键靶点[15-16]。CD177作为中性粒细胞活化的特异性标志物,其表达上调反映了细胞处于促炎状态及向感染部位募集能力的增强[17-18];而CD10是中性粒细胞成熟的标志物,在机体发生感染时,骨髓中大量CD10低表达或阴性的未成熟中性粒细胞释放入血,导致外周血中性粒细胞的CD10表达水平降低[19-20]。基于以上背景,本研究团队创新性地提出将中性粒细胞中CD177水平与CD10水平的比值(以下简称CD177/CD10比)作为预测感染的复合指标。鉴于目前对该比值在烧伤感染领域的应用尚无充分研究,本研究通过探讨CD177/CD10比对烧伤感染的预测价值,并基于大样本健康人群建立该比值的正常参考值范围,拟为烧伤感染的精准诊疗提供新的客观依据。
1. 对象与方法
本横断面研究获得南京医科大学附属苏州医院(以下简称本院)医学伦理委员会批准(批号:KL901390),符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的基本原则,已获得所有研究对象的知情同意。
1.1. 入选标准
(1)烧伤患者。纳入标准:年龄≥18周岁,烧伤分度符合三度四分法的中度、重度及特重度[21],伤后24 h内入院;排除标准:有严重精神障碍病史,有血液系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、自身免疫性疾病、遗传性疾病及传染性疾病病史,妊娠或哺乳期妇女。(2)健康志愿者。纳入标准:年龄≥18周岁,体检结果正常;排除标准:同烧伤患者。
1.2. 临床资料
2023年2月—2025年11月,本院烧伤整形科收治61例符合入选标准的烧伤患者,其中男52例、女9例,年龄为41.0(32.0,55.0)岁,烧伤总面积为26.0%(10.0%,50.0%)TBSA。59例患者进行了伤后1 d急性应激期炎症指标监测,其中男52例、女7例,年龄为39.0(32.0,55.0)岁,烧伤总面积为26.0%(10.0%,44.0%)TBSA;48例患者进行了伤后3~14 d感染高风险期炎症指标监测(以下简称高风险期监测),其中男40例、女8例,年龄为43.0(32.5,55.8)岁,烧伤总面积为26.0%(8.0%,52.5%)TBSA。同期招募在本院体检中心体检的符合入选标准的204名健康志愿者,其中男110人、女94人,年龄47.5(31.0,67.0)岁。
1.3. 数据采集与指标检测
1.3.1. 临床指标数据采集
收集所有患者的基线资料及特定时间点的临床数据:(1)性别、年龄、烧伤总面积,均为入院时数据;(2)早期手术情况,即首次采血前是否已行手术;(3)器官功能指标,即采血当天的序贯器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分;(4)常规炎症指标,包括采血当天的白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞、C反应蛋白水平、降钙素原水平。
1.3.2. 实验室指标检测
用乙二胺四乙酸抗凝管分别采集患者伤后1、3、5、7、10、14 d及健康志愿者的外周静脉血各1 mL,用流式细胞术检测中性粒细胞中CD177与CD10的水平。抗体为购自美国BD公司的异硫氰酸荧光素标记的小鼠抗人CD177单克隆抗体、藻红蛋白标记的小鼠抗人CD10单克隆抗体以及别藻蓝蛋白标记的小鼠抗人CD66B单克隆抗体(该抗体用于流式细胞术圈出中性粒细胞群),稀释比均为1∶20。采用购自美国BD公司的BDFACS Canto Ⅱ型流式细胞仪获取数据,运用仪器配套的FlowJo v10.8软件分析在标准电压下中性粒细胞中CD177与CD10的平均荧光强度,以此表示CD177水平与CD10水平,同时计算CD177/CD10比。
CD177/CD10比为主要观测指标,其余指标为次要观测指标。
1.4. 分析方法
(1)根据是否发生感染,将行高风险期监测的患者分为感染组(31例)和非感染组(17例),比较2组患者1.3中所有指标,筛选影响行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的危险因素。感染诊断标准:存在明确病原学证据,并伴有由此诱发的全身性生理指标异常或器官功能障碍[22-23]。该诊断由2名具有副主任医师及以上职称的烧伤整形科医师,结合病历及微生物培养报告等资料进行双盲独立判定,若判定意见不一致,由科室主任进行最终裁决。为确保组间比较的严谨性,对于感染组患者,选取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据;对于非感染组患者,选取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值进行分析(选取数据后同)。(2)评估白细胞计数、中性粒细胞计数、中性粒细胞、C反应蛋白水平、降钙素原水平、CD177水平、CD10水平、CD177/CD10比、SOFA评分对行高风险期监测的患者感染风险的预测价值。(3)分析行高风险期监测的患者CD177水平与CD10水平的相关性,比较健康志愿者、患者急性应激期及感染高风险期CD177水平、CD10水平与CD177/CD10比。(4)基于健康志愿者数据,建立CD177水平、CD10水平及CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围。将健康志愿者按年龄段20~29、30~39、40~49、50~59、≥60岁分类,按性别男、女分类,比较其CD177水平、CD10水平及CD177/CD10比。
1.5. 统计学处理
采用SPSS 27.0统计软件进行数据分析,所有检验为双侧检验,以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。
为验证本研究在感染高风险期核心样本量的充分性,利用G*Power 3.1.9.7软件对主要观测指标进行样本量事后功效分析。在α=0.05的检验水准下,基于感染组与非感染组间经对数转换后的CD177/CD10比,即lg(CD177/CD10比)的实际差异效应量,计算统计效能(1-β)。若1-β > 0.80,则表明现有样本量足以支撑相关的统计学差异结果。
计量资料数据均不符合正态分布,以M(Q1,Q3)表示,2组或2类间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,多组或多类间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验。计数资料数据以频数表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。采用Spearman等级相关分析评估CD177水平与CD10水平的相关性。
鉴于CD177/CD10比数据呈偏态分布,对其进行对数转换,将lg(CD177/CD10比)及临床公认的与烧伤感染有关的干扰因素[22,24-25]烧伤总面积、年龄及早期手术情况作为自变量(烧伤总面积与年龄均以具体值代入;早期手术情况中,是=1、否=0),以是否发生感染为因变量(感染=1、未感染=0),先通过单因素logistic回归分析探讨患者发生感染的危险因素。考虑到本研究的样本量受限,为避免多因素模型出现过度拟合,仅将单因素logistic回归分析中P < 0.2的因素作为自变量纳入多因素logistic回归分析,以明确患者发生感染的独立危险因素。采用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验评估logistic回归模型的拟合优度,以P > 0.05为模型拟合良好的标准。
采用受试者操作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估指标对感染风险的预测价值,计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)及其95%CI,基于约登指数确定各指标的最佳截断值,据此计算各指标的敏感度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。预测价值判断标准:AUC > 0.50~0.70表示预测价值较低,AUC > 0.70~0.80表示具有一定的预测价值,AUC > 0.80~0.90表示具有较高的预测价值,AUC > 0.90表示具有很高的预测价值。
结合临床实验室定量检验项目参考区间的制订标准,采用非参数百分位数法建立CD177水平、CD10水平及CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围。
2. 结果
2.1. 样本量事后功效分析结果
本研究样本量足以支撑相关的统计学差异结果(1-β=0.99)。
2.2. 感染组与非感染组患者临床和实验室检测指标
感染组与非感染组患者在烧伤总面积、C反应蛋白水平、SOFA评分、CD177水平、CD10水平、CD177/CD10比方面比较,差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05);2组患者其余指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表 1。
表 1.
2组烧伤患者的临床和实验室检测指标比较
Comparison of clinical and laboratory parameters between two groups of burn patients
| 组别 | 例数 | 性别(例) | 年龄[岁,M(Q1,Q3)] | 烧伤总面积[%TBSA,M(Q1,Q3)] | 早期手术情况(例) | 白细胞计数[×109/L,M(Q1,Q3)] | 中性粒细胞计数[×109/L,M(Q1,Q3)] | ||
| 男 | 女 | 是 | 否 | ||||||
| 注:TBSA为体表总面积,SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评估,CD177/CD10比为CD177水平与CD10水平的比值;性别、年龄、烧伤总面积为入院时数据,早期手术情况为首次采血前数据;其余指标中,感染组患者为确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染组患者为伤后3~14 d检测的最高值 | |||||||||
| 感染组 | 31 | 28 | 3 | 44.0(34.0,57.0) | 38.0(10.0,70.0) | 24 | 7 | 12.53(10.65,15.46) | 10.91(9.24,13.61) |
| 非感染组 | 17 | 12 | 5 | 36.0(32.0,54.5) | 25.0(2.0,35.0) | 13 | 4 | 11.54(9.61,13.78) | 9.79(7.54,11.43) |
| 统计量值 | χ2=0.31 | Z=-0.69 | Z=-2.08 | χ2=0.01 | Z=-1.06 | Z=-1.34 | |||
| P值 | 0.079 | 0.490 | 0.037 | 0.940 | 0.288 | 0.180 | |||
| 组别 | 例数 | 中性粒细胞 | C反应蛋白水平[mg/L,M(Q1,Q3)] | 降钙素原水平[ng/mL,M(Q1,Q3)] | SOFA评分[分,M(Q1,Q3)] | CD177水平[M(Q1,Q3)] | CD10水平[M(Q1,Q3)] | CD177/CD10比[M(Q1,Q3)] | |
| 感染组 | 31 | 0.87(0.81,0.91) | 126.40(69.62,220.10) | 0.42(0.14,2.17) | 4.00(3.00,5.00) | 7 067.00(2 638.00,9 989.00) | 1 151.00(490.70,2 033.00) | 5.50(1.44,18.60) | |
| 非感染组 | 17 | 0.81(0.77,0.88) | 43.71(15.65,100.80) | 0.27(0.19,0.70) | 2.00(1.75,4.00) | 2 750.00(1 752.00,4 068.00) | 2 249.00(1 367.00,4 055.00) | 1.09(0.58,2.78) | |
| 统计量值 | Z=-1.54 | Z=-2.58 | Z=0.64 | Z=0.04 | Z=-2.72 | Z=-2.86 | Z=-3.20 | ||
| P值 | 0.124 | 0.010 | 0.656 | 0.047 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.001 | ||
2.3. 行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的危险因素
单因素logistic回归分析结果显示,烧伤总面积和lg(CD177/CD10比)均是行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的危险因素(P < 0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,lg(CD177/CD10比)是行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的独立危险因素(P < 0.05)。Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验结果显示,logistic回归模型的拟合良好(χ2=5.29,P=0.726)。见表 2。
表 2.
48例行感染高风险期炎症指标监测烧伤患者感染风险影响因素的单因素及多因素logistic回归分析结果
Results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of influencing factors for infection risk in 48 burn patients undergoing inflammatory marker monitoring during the high-risk period for infection
| 分类及变量 | β值 | 标准误 | Wald值 | OR | 95%CI | P值 |
| 注:TBSA为体表总面积;分析时,早期手术情况取首次采血前数据,年龄、烧伤总面积取入院时数据;CD177水平与CD10水平的比值(CD177/CD10比)中,感染患者取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染患者取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值 | ||||||
| 单因素logistic回归分析 | ||||||
| lg(CD177/CD10比) | 1.93 | 0.68 | 8.21 | 6.91 | 1.84~25.91 | 0.004 |
| 早期手术情况 | -0.05 | 0.72 | 0.01 | 0.95 | 0.23~3.86 | 0.940 |
| 烧伤总面积(%TBSA) | 0.03 | 0.01 | 5.03 | 1.03 | 1.00~1.06 | 0.025 |
| 年龄(岁) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.45 | 1.01 | 0.98~1.05 | 0.505 |
| 多因素logistic回归分析 | ||||||
| lg(CD177/CD10比) | 1.75 | 0.84 | 4.34 | 5.73 | 1.11~29.60 | 0.037 |
| 烧伤总面积(%TBSA) | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.13 | 1.01 | 0.97~1.05 | 0.723 |
2.4. 感染高风险期各指标对烧伤感染风险的预测价值
ROC曲线分析显示,CD177/CD10比预测行高风险期监测的患者感染风险的AUC最大,在最佳截断值下的特异度、准确度及阳性预测值最大。见图 1、表 3。
图 1.
炎症指标及SOFA评分预测48例行感染高风险期炎症指标监测烧伤患者感染风险的受试者操作特征曲线
Receiver operating characteristic curves in predicting the infection risk in 48 burn patients undergoing inflammatory marker monitoring during the high-risk period for infection using inflammatory markers and SOFA score
注:CD177/CD10比为CD177水平与CD10水平的比值,SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评估;感染患者取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染患者取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值进行分析

表 3.
炎症指标及SOFA评分对48例行感染高风险期炎症指标监测烧伤患者感染风险的预测价值比较
Comparison of the predictive value of inflammatory markers and SOFA score for the infection risk in 48 burn patients undergoing inflammatory marker monitoring during the high-risk period for infection
| 指标 | AUC | 95%CI | 最佳截断值 | 约登指数 | 敏感度(%) | 特异度(%) | 准确度(%) | 阳性预测值(%) | 阴性预测值(%) |
| 注:CD177/CD10比为CD177水平与CD10水平的比值,SOFA为序贯器官衰竭评估,AUC为曲线下面积;感染患者取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染患者取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值进行分析 | |||||||||
| CD177/CD10比 | 0.78 | 0.65~0.91 | 3.84 | 0.52 | 58.06 | 94.12 | 76.09 | 94.74 | 55.17 |
| CD177水平 | 0.74 | 0.60~0.88 | 4 384.00 | 0.50 | 61.29 | 88.24 | 74.77 | 90.48 | 55.56 |
| CD10水平 | 0.75 | 0.61~0.89 | 1 298.00 | 0.40 | 58.06 | 82.35 | 70.21 | 85.71 | 51.85 |
| 白细胞计数(×109/L) | 0.59 | 0.42~0.76 | 12.03 | 0.27 | 56.67 | 70.59 | 63.63 | 77.85 | 47.18 |
| 中性粒细胞计数(×109/L) | 0.62 | 0.45~0.79 | 9.08 | 0.27 | 80.00 | 47.06 | 63.53 | 73.37 | 56.34 |
| 中性粒细胞 | 0.64 | 0.47~0.80 | 81.85 | 0.29 | 70.00 | 58.82 | 64.41 | 75.61 | 51.81 |
| C反应蛋白水平(mg/L) | 0.73 | 0.58~0.89 | 103.10 | 0.45 | 63.33 | 81.25 | 72.29 | 86.03 | 54.85 |
| 降钙素原水平(ng/mL) | 0.57 | 0.34~0.81 | 0.31 | 0.34 | 59.09 | 75.00 | 67.05 | 81.17 | 50.13 |
| SOFA评分(分) | 0.77 | 0.59~0.95 | 2.50 | 0.49 | 82.61 | 66.67 | 74.64 | 81.88 | 67.77 |
2.5. 感染高风险期CD177水平与CD10水平的相关性及各时期CD177、CD10水平与CD177/CD10比
在行高风险期监测的患者中,CD177水平与CD10水平呈显著负相关(P < 0.05),见图 2。与健康志愿者比较,患者急性应激期CD10水平显著降低(P < 0.05),CD177/CD10比显著升高(P < 0.05);与健康志愿者、患者急性应激期比较,患者感染高风险期CD10水平显著降低(P值均 < 0.05),CD177水平与CD177/CD10比均显著升高(P < 0.05)。见表 4。
图 2.
48例行感染高风险期炎症指标监测烧伤患者CD177水平与CD10水平的相关性
Correlation between CD177 level and CD10 level in 48 burn patients undergoing inflammatory marker monitoring during the high-risk period for infection
注:感染患者取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染患者取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值进行分析;CD177水平与CD10水平呈显著负相关,r=-0.60,P < 0.001

表 4.
健康志愿者、烧伤患者急性应激期及感染高风险期CD177水平、CD10水平与CD177/CD10比的比较[M(Q1,Q3)]
Comparison of CD177 level, CD10 level, and CD177/CD10 ratio among healthy volunteers, and burn patients during the acute stress period and the high-risk period for infection
| 分类与分期 | 人数/例数 | CD177水平 | CD10水平 | CD177/CD10比 |
| 注:急性应激期取伤后1 d的检测数据;感染高风险期中感染患者取确诊感染前最近一次的检测数据,非感染患者取伤后3~14 d检测的最高值;CD177/CD10比为CD177水平与CD10水平的比值;H值、P值为健康志愿者与烧伤患者2个时期各指标总体比较所得,P1值、P2值分别为健康志愿者与烧伤患者急性应激期、感染高风险期各指标比较所得,P3值为烧伤患者急性应激期与感染高风险期各指标比较所得 | ||||
| 健康志愿者 | 204 | 1 529.00(1 018.75,2 182.00) | 5 114.25(4 008.75,6 320.25) | 0.31(0.20,0.45) |
| 烧伤患者 | ||||
| 急性应激期 | 59 | 1 904.50(1 261.75,2 432.50) | 3 145.50(2 250.50,4 688.75) | 0.53(0.30,0.98) |
| 感染高风险期 | 48 | 4 019.00(2 321.50,9 047.25) | 1 574.75(736.38,2 597.50) | 2.72(1.10,13.36) |
| H值 | 67.71 | 109.85 | 114.45 | |
| P值 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| P1值 | 0.073 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| P2值 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| P3值 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
2.6. CD177、CD10水平与CD177/CD10比正常参考值范围及分类比较
建立的CD177水平、CD10水平、CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围分别为0~3 161、≥2 703、0~0.64。不同性别健康志愿者在CD177水平、CD10水平和CD177/CD10比方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05);不同年龄段健康志愿者在CD177水平、CD10水平和CD177/CD10比方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。见表 5、6。
表 5.
不同性别健康志愿者CD177水平、CD10水平和CD177/CD10比的比较[M(Q1,Q3)]
Comparison of CD177 level, CD10 level, and CD177/CD10 ratio in healthy volunteers of different genders
| 性别 | 人数 | CD177水平 | CD10水平 | CD177/CD10比 |
| 注:CD177/CD10比为CD177水平与CD10水平的比值 | ||||
| 男 | 110 | 1 508.00(948.75,2 211.50) | 5 053.25(3 660.00,6 305.75) | 0.30(0.20,0.45) |
| 女 | 94 | 1 580.75(1 118.88,2 142.38) | 5 242.25(4 401.38,6 379.63) | 0.33(0.20,0.45) |
| Z值 | -1.00 | -1.08 | -0.42 | |
| P值 | 0.316 | 0.281 | 0.675 | |
表 6.
不同年龄段健康志愿者CD177水平、CD10水平和CD177/CD10比的比较[M(Q1,Q3)]
Comparison of CD177 level, CD10 level, and CD177/CD10 ratio in healthy volunteers of different age groups
| 年龄段(岁) | 人数 | CD177水平 | CD10水平 | CD177/CD10比 |
| 注:CD177/CD10比为CD177水平与CD10水平的比值 | ||||
| 20~29 | 45 | 1 441.50(948.25,2 060.50) | 5 577.50(4 545.25,6 261.25) | 0.24(0.18,0.40) |
| 30~39 | 39 | 1 665.00(1 230.50,2 323.50) | 5 441.00(4 149.00,6 683.00) | 0.24(0.21,0.50) |
| 40~49 | 28 | 1 475.25(986.75,2 169.75) | 4 515.25(3 336.13,6 283.88) | 0.32(0.23,0.45) |
| 50~59 | 33 | 1 374.00(1 010.75,2 031.75) | 5 384.67(3 698.25,6 687.50) | 0.26(0.18,0.40) |
| ≥60 | 59 | 1 728.50(1 052.00,2 230.00) | 5 031.00(3 550.00,6 135.50) | 0.36(0.23,0.49) |
| H值 | 6.85 | 5.16 | 8.71 | |
| P值 | 0.144 | 0.271 | 0.069 | |
3. 讨论
烧伤后感染是导致患者死亡的最常见原因[3,26]。中性粒细胞的功能状态,可以反映感染发生发展的过程[27-28]。机体的抗感染能力,很大程度上取决于中性粒细胞的活化、趋化及杀菌功能[29-30]。鉴于中重度烧伤患者普遍存在SIRS,临床上常用的指标C反应蛋白、降钙素原等往往难以区分单纯的无菌性炎症与具有临床意义的侵袭性感染[14,31]。为此,本研究未采用传统的休克期与感染期的分类方法,而是基于机体免疫稳态的演变过程,将观察周期划分为2个连续病理生理阶段,即急性应激期和感染高风险期,对中重度烧伤患者开展均一化研究并进行纵向监测,以期为临床寻找更精准的早期感染预测指标。
本研究首先系统比较了感染组与非感染组患者的基线特征与临床指标。结果显示,在感染高风险期,感染组与非感染组患者虽在性别、年龄等基础资料方面比较差异均无统计学意义(P > 0.05),但在烧伤总面积方面具有显著区别,提示烧伤总面积是感染的重要危险因素,这与既往研究观点一致,即烧伤总面积越大的患者皮肤屏障受损越严重,发生感染的风险越高[24]。然而2组患者在降钙素原水平、白细胞计数等常规炎症指标方面比较,差异并无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。分析其原因,常规炎症指标在急性应激期受到无菌性组织坏死和创伤应激等多种因素影响已经出现反应性升高,到感染高风险期时仍持续处于波动状态,从而掩盖了由病原菌侵袭引起的继发性改变[14,32-35]。这表明在烧伤后复杂的SIRS状态下,传统炎症指标的早期鉴别诊断效能受限[36-37]。与之形成对比的是,CD177/CD10比在感染组患者中显著升高,且本研究多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在校正了烧伤总面积这一混杂因素后,lg(CD177/CD10比)仍是影响行高风险期监测的患者发生感染的独立危险因素。这说明该比值的变化并非仅伴随烧伤总面积增加、高龄或者手术而出现,还可更直接地反映机体免疫稳态方面的失衡,即CD177/CD10比越高,患者发生感染的风险越高。
感染组患者中性粒细胞中CD177水平出现明显上调而CD10水平显著下降,其中CD177的高表达能够特异性反映中性粒细胞活化状态[38],CD10的低表达则提示骨髓提前释放未成熟中性粒细胞[19,39]。进一步研究显示,在行高风险期监测的患者中,CD177水平与CD10水平呈显著负相关,两者比值的异常升高不仅反映了感染状态下中性粒细胞的过度活化,也提示了感染时机体会释放大量未成熟细胞。通过构建CD177/CD10比,可整合CD177与CD10的协同变化趋势,较单一指标能更特异性反映烧伤后机体中性粒细胞从应激状态向感染性免疫紊乱状态转变的病理生理过程。
在感染预测方面,ROC曲线分析结果显示,CD177/CD10比预测行高风险期监测的患者感染风险的AUC高于单一标志物及各项传统指标。尤其是当最佳截断值为3.84时,该比值展现出了极高的特异度和阳性预测值,相较于易受到生命支持措施如机械通气、升压药使用干扰的C反应蛋白、降钙素原、SOFA评分等指标而言[16,40-41],CD177/CD10比在评价免疫稳态方面展现出更好的稳定性。
此外,本研究还基于健康志愿者数据,在CD177、CD10水平正常参考值范围基础上,建立了CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围,并证明了其不受常规人口学特征的干扰,说明CD177/CD10比在健康人群中具有较高的基础稳定性,未来在利用该比值进行临床监测时,无须针对不同年龄和性别群体进行复杂的独立校正。横向对比显示,CD177/CD10比在烧伤不同阶段呈现阶梯式上升的演变特征,从烧伤前(取健康志愿者数据分析)到烧伤后急性应激期,再到烧伤后感染高风险期,该比值随着炎症负荷的增加而持续升高。在急性应激期机体存在强烈的SIRS,该比值的中位数较健康志愿者有所上升,并接近正常参考值范围上限,而进入感染高风险期时,该比值显著升高并突破最佳截断值3.84。以上变化反映了机体免疫功能从代偿向失代偿转变的过程。临床中可将CD177/CD10比为0.64作为免疫激活的初始阈值,将3.84视为高风险预测阈值,以实现对患者感染风险的梯度管理。同时,为提高结论稳健性,本研究对非感染组数据选取的是CD177/CD10比的最高值进行分析,旨在与感染组进行更为严格的比较,使研究结论更为可靠。
本研究存在以下局限性:(1)作为单中心横断面研究,未进行前瞻性样本量估算与随机抽样,存在一定的选择偏倚,但事后功效分析提示本研究现有样本量足以支撑相关的统计学差异结果。(2)未针对不同烧伤原因和病原体类型进行分层分析,不同病原微生物对骨髓造血功能的刺激方式及诱导的免疫应答模式可能存在一定的差异,可能导致本研究结论在特定病原体感染或特定烧伤类型中的适用性受限,无法精准反映不同致病因素下CD177/CD10比的变化特征。(3)本研究样本量有限,未采用Delong检验进行多指标AUC两两比较,仅基于AUC数值大小判断预测价值,统计效能不足可能导致部分差异未被检出。(4)虽已建立CD177/CD10比的正常参考值范围,但烧伤患者年龄、烧伤深度、合并基础疾病等个体差异较大,可能影响该参考值范围在不同病情分层患者中的普适性。(5)所有研究对象采用标准化的抗感染治疗[22-23]方案,但未能对抗生素的具体种类及剂量进行分层分析,可能对结果产生潜在影响。
综上所述,CD177/CD10比是烧伤患者感染高风险期发生感染的独立危险因素。在复杂的SIRS背景下,该比值具有一定的预测价值,有望成为烧伤感染精准诊疗的潜在标志物。未来需开展多中心大样本的前瞻性队列研究,以进一步验证本研究结论。
Funding Statement
:国家自然科学基金重点项目(U21A20370);江苏省自然科学基金青年项目(BK20240382)
Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U21A20370); Youth Program of Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20240382)
Footnotes
利益冲突 作者声明不存在利益冲突
作者贡献声明 李和玥:实施研究、采集数据、数据分析、论文撰写与修改;黄佳敏:研究设计、论文修改、数据分析、研究指导;梅熠闻:研究实施、数据采集、数据分析;温笑、邵礼飞:研究实施、数据分析;孙炳伟:研究设计、研究指导、论文修改、经费支持
References
- 1.罗 高兴, 詹 日兴, 袁 志强, et al. 浅谈烧伤感染的分类与诊断命名. 中华烧伤与创面修复杂志. 2023;39(4):301–304. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20221206-00528. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Żwierełło W, Piorun K, Skórka-Majewicz M, et al. Burns: classification, pathophysiology, and treatment: a review. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(4):3749. doi: 10.3390/ijms24043749. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3.Radzikowska-Büchner E, Łopuszyńska I, Flieger W, et al. An overview of recent developments in the management of burn injuries. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(22):16357. doi: 10.3390/ijms242216357. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 4.Burgess M, Valdera F, Varon D, et al. The immune and regenerative response to burn injury. Cells. 2022;11(19):3073. doi: 10.3390/cells11193073. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Sikora JP, Karawani J, Sobczak J. Neutrophils and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(17):13469. doi: 10.3390/ijms241713469. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Kim HS, Kim JH, Yim H, et al. Changes in the levels of interleukins 6, 8, and 10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in Korean burn patients: relation to burn size and postburn time. Ann Lab Med. 2012;32(5):339–344. doi: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.5.339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Sierawska O, Małkowska P, Taskin C, et al. Innate immune system response to burn damage-focus on cytokine alteration. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(2):716. doi: 10.3390/ijms23020716. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Zhang P, Zou B, Liou YC, et al. The pathogenesis and diagnosis of sepsis post burn injury[J/OL]. Burns Trauma, 2021, 9: tkaa047[2025-11-18]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33654698/. DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkaa047.
- 9.Korkmaz HI, Flokstra G, Waasdorp M, et al. The complexity of the post-burn immune response: an overview of the associated local and systemic complications. Cells. 2023;12(3):345. doi: 10.3390/cells12030345. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Dobson GP, Morris JL, Letson HL. Pathophysiology of severe burn injuries: new therapeutic opportunities from a systems perspective. J Burn Care Res. 2024;45(4):1041–1050. doi: 10.1093/jbcr/irae049. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Sproston NR, Ashworth JJ. Role of C-reactive protein at sites of inflammation and infection. Front Immunol. 2018;9:754. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00754. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Cabral L, Afreixo V, Santos F, et al. Procalcitonin for the early diagnosis of sepsis in burn patients: a retrospective study. Burns. 2017;43(7):1427–1434. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13.Chuang CL, Yeh HT, Niu KY, et al. Diagnostic performances of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Emerg Med. 2025;32(4):248–258. doi: 10.1097/MEJ.0000000000001235. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14.Palmieri TL, Heard J. Biomarkers of sepsis in burn injury: an update[J/OL]. Burns Trauma, 2025, 13: tkae080[2025-11-18]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39822649/. DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkae080.
- 15.Huang J, Chen Y, Guo Z, et al. Prospective study and validation of early warning marker discovery based on integrating multi-omics analysis in severe burn patients with sepsis[J/OL]. Burns Trauma, 2023, 11: tkac050[2025-11-18]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36659877/. DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac050.
- 16.Huang J, Xie K, Li H, et al. Dynamic CD177/CD10 ratio for infection diagnosis and mortality risk stratification in critically ill patients: a prospective cohort study. EBioMedicine. 2026;123:106100. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2025.106100. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17.Zheng C, Li J, Chen H, et al. Dual role of CD177 + neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):813. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05539-3. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18.Kaiser R, Gold C, Joppich M, et al. Peripheral priming induces plastic transcriptomic and proteomic responses in circulating neutrophils required for pathogen containment. Sci Adv. 2024;10(12):eadl1710. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.adl1710. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19.Marini O, Costa S, Bevilacqua D, et al. Mature CD10+ and immature CD10- neutrophils present in G-CSF-treated donors display opposite effects on T cells. Blood. 2017;129(10):1343–1356. doi: 10.1182/blood-2016-04-713206. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20.Liu M, Wang G, Wang L, et al. Immunoregulatory functions of mature CD10+ and immature CD10- neutrophils in sepsis patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023;9:1100756. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1100756. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 21.中华医学会烧伤外科学分会, 海峡两岸医药卫生交流协会暨烧创伤组织修复专委会 Ⅱ度烧伤创面治疗专家共识(2024版)Ⅰ: 院前急救和非手术治疗. 中华烧伤与创面修复杂志. 2024;40(1):1–18. doi: 10.3760/cmaj.cn501225-20231019-00120. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 22.中国医师协会烧伤医师分会《烧伤感染诊治指南》编辑委员会 烧伤感染的诊断标准与治疗指南(2012版) 中华烧伤杂志. 2012;28(6):401–403. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1009-2587.2012.06.001. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 23.朱 伟, 彭 毅志, 罗 高兴, et al. 国际烧伤学会《拯救烧伤脓毒症运动指南》解读. 中华烧伤与创面修复杂志. (2023版) 2025;41(8):803–810. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501225-20250403-00164. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 24.Tsolakidis S, Freytag DL, Dovern E, et al. Infections in burn patients: a retrospective view over seven years. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022;58(8):1066. doi: 10.3390/medicina58081066. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 25.Jeschke MG, van Baar ME, Choudhry MA, et al. Burn injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):11. doi: 10.1038/s41572-020-0145-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 26.Ladhani HA, Yowler CJ, Claridge JA. Burn wound colonization, infection, and sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2021;22(1):44–48. doi: 10.1089/sur.2020.346. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 27.Chen WA, Boskovic DS. Neutrophil extracellular DNA traps in response to infection or inflammation, and the roles of platelet interactions. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25(5):3025. doi: 10.3390/ijms25053025. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 28.Burn GL, Foti A, Marsman G, et al. The neutrophil. Immunity. 2021;54(7):1377–1391. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.06.006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 29.Marsile-Medun S, Souchard M, Abba Moussa D, et al. Fc receptors are key discriminatory markers of granulocytes subsets in people living with HIV-1. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1345422. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1345422. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 30.Gao H, Peng K, Shi Y, et al. Development and validation of a novel criterion of histologic healing in ulcerative colitis defined by inflammatory cell enumeration in lamina propria mucosa: a multicenter retrospective cohort in China. Chin Med J (Engl) 2024;137(11):1316–1323. doi: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000003154. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 31.Jeffrey M, Denny KJ, Lipman J, et al. Differentiating infection, colonisation, and sterile inflammation in critical illness: the emerging role of host-response profiling. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49(7):760–771. doi: 10.1007/s00134-023-07108-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 32.Nourigheimasi S, Yazdani E, Ghaedi A, et al. Association of inflammatory biomarkers with overall survival in burn patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s12873-024-00988-x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 33.Zhi L, Wang X, Pan X, et al. The asynchronous dynamic changes and interrelationships between leukocyte composition and inflammatory markers and potential clinical significance in the early stage and sepsis stage in severe burns. Burns. 2024;50(7):1752–1761. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.04.006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 34.Li AT, Moussa A, Gus E, et al. Biomarkers for the early diagnosis of sepsis in burns: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2022;275(4):654–662. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000005198. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 35.李 晓明, 吴 桂新, 李 蕊, et al. 中性粒细胞CD64在细菌感染诊疗及评估检测中的临床应用价值. 中华消化外科杂志. 2025;24(11):1496–1500. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20251021-00645. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 36.姚 咏明, 栾 樱译. 严重烧创伤感染及其并发症的免疫新认识. 中华烧伤杂志. 2021;37(6):519–523. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501120-20210118-00025. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 37.Yuan Y, Xiao Y, Zhao J, et al. Exosomes as novel biomarkers in sepsis and sepsis related organ failure. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):1078. doi: 10.1186/s12967-024-05817-0. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 38.Demaret J, Venet F, Plassais J, et al. Identification of CD177 as the most dysregulated parameter in a microarray study of purified neutrophils from septic shock patients. Immunol Lett. 2016;178:122–130. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.08.011. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 39.Zhu J, Zhou J, Liang X, et al. Elevated CD10- neutrophils correlate with non-response and poor prognosis of CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. BMC Med. 2025;23(1):138. doi: 10.1186/s12916-025-03968-5. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 40.Li D, Wei Y, Zhang C, et al. Value of SOFA score, APACHE Ⅱ score, and WBC count for mortality risk assessment in septic patients: a retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2025;104(20):e42464. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000042464. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 41.Padarabinda Tripathy K, Chaitanya Y, Behera PK, et al. Correlation between platelet indices and severity of sepsis: a hospital-based prospective study. Cureus. 2025;17(4):e82816. doi: 10.7759/cureus.82816. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
