Skip to main content
Annals of Surgery logoLink to Annals of Surgery
. 1974 May;179(5):684–696. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197405000-00023

Energy metabolism in sepsis: treatment based on different patterns in shock and high output stage.

G H Clowes Jr, T F O'Donnell Jr, N T Ryan, G L Blackburn
PMCID: PMC1356054  PMID: 4823845

Full text

PDF
689

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ANDRES R., CADER G., ZIERLER K. L. The quantitatively minor role of carbohydrate in oxidative metabolism by skeletal muscle in intact man in the basal state; measurements of oxygen and glucose uptake and carbon dioxide and lactate production in the forearm. J Clin Invest. 1956 Jun;35(6):671–682. doi: 10.1172/JCI103324. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ANDRES R., ZIERLER K. L., ANDERSON H. M., STAINSBY W. N., CADER G., GHRAYYIB A. S., LILIENTHAL J. L., Jr Measurement of blood flow and volume in the forearm of man; with notes on the theory of indicator-dilution and on production of turbulence, hemolysis, and vasodilatation by intra-vascular injection. J Clin Invest. 1954 Apr;33(4):482–504. doi: 10.1172/JCI102919. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bayley T., Clements J. A., Osbahr A. J. Pulmonary and circulatory effects of fibrinopeptides. Circ Res. 1967 Oct;21(4):469–485. doi: 10.1161/01.res.21.4.469. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Blackburn G. L., Flatt J. P., Clowes G. H., Jr, O'Donnell T. F., Hensle T. E. Protein sparing therapy during periods of starvation with sepsis of trauma. Ann Surg. 1973 May;177(5):588–594. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197305000-00012. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Blackburn G. L., Flatt J. P., Clowes G. H., O'Donnell T. E. Peripheral intravenous feeding with isotonic amino acid solutions. Am J Surg. 1973 Apr;125(4):447–454. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(73)90080-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cahill G. F., Jr Starvation in man. N Engl J Med. 1970 Mar 19;282(12):668–675. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197003192821209. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cahill G. F., Jr The Banting Memorial Lecture 1971. Physiology of insulin in man. Diabetes. 1971 Dec;20(12):785–799. doi: 10.2337/diab.20.12.785. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Carey L. C., Lowery B. D., Cloutier C. T. Blood sugar and insulin response of humans in shock. Ann Surg. 1970 Sep;172(3):342–350. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197009000-00004. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Clowes G. H., Jr, Farrington G. H., Zuschneid W., Cossette G. R., Saravis C. Circulating factors in the etiology of pulmonary insufficiency and right heart failure accompanying severe sepsis (peritonitis). Ann Surg. 1970 May;171(5):663–678. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197005000-00005. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Clowes G. H., Jr, Vucinic M., Weidner M. G. Circulatory and metabolic alterations associated with survival or death in peritonitis: clinical analysis of 25 cases. Ann Surg. 1966 Jun;163(6):866–885. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196606000-00008. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Clowes G. H., Jr, Zuschneid W., Turner M., Blackburn G., Rubin J., Toala P., Green G. Observations on the pathogenesis of the pneumonitis associated with severe infections in other parts of the body. Ann Surg. 1968 May;167(5):630–650. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196805000-00003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Cryer P. E., Herman C. M., Sode J. Carbohydrate metabolism in the baboon subjected to gram-negative (E. coli) septicemia. I. Hyperglycemia with depressed plasma insulin concentrations. Ann Surg. 1971 Jul;174(1):91–100. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197107010-00015. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Cuthbertson D., Tilstone W. J. Metabolism during the postinjury period. Adv Clin Chem. 1969;12:1–55. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2423(08)60257-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DOLE V. P., MEINERTZ H. Microdetermination of long-chain fatty acids in plasma and tissues. J Biol Chem. 1960 Sep;235:2595–2599. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Dietzman R. H., Ersek R. A., Lillehei C. W., Castaneda A. R., Lillehei R. C. Low output syndrome. Recognition and treatment. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1969 Jan;57(1):138–150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Duff J. H., Groves A. C., McLean A. P., LaPointe R., MacLean L. D. Defective oxygen consumption in septic shock. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1969 May;128(5):1051–1060. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Duke J. H., Jr, Jørgensen S. B., Broell J. R., Long C. L., Kinney J. M. Contribution of protein to caloric expenditure following injury. Surgery. 1970 Jul;68(1):168–174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. FLECK A., MUNRO H. N. PROTEIN METABOLISM AFTER INJURY. Metabolism. 1963 Sep;12:783–789. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. GUYTON A. C. Determination of cardiac output by equating venous return curves with cardiac response curves. Physiol Rev. 1955 Jan;35(1):123–129. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1955.35.1.123. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Garland P. B., Newsholme E. A., Randle P. J. Regulation of glucose uptake by muscle. 9. Effects of fatty acids and ketone bodies, and of alloxan-diabetes and starvation, on pyruvate metabolism and on lactate-pyruvate and L-glycerol 3-phosphate-dihydroxyacetone phosphate concentration ratios in rat heart and rat diaphragm muscles. Biochem J. 1964 Dec;93(3):665–678. doi: 10.1042/bj0930665. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gump F. E., Price J. B., Jr, Kinney J. M. Whole body and splanchnic blood flow and oxygen consumption measurements in patients with intraperitoneal infection. Ann Surg. 1970 Mar;171(3):321–328. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197003000-00001. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. HOWARD J. M. Studies of the absorption and metabolism of glucose following injury; the systemic response to injury. Ann Surg. 1955 Mar;141(3):321–326. doi: 10.1097/00000658-195503000-00005. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. HUCKABEE W. E. Relationships of pyruvate and lactate during anaerobic metabolism. II. Exercise and formation of O-debt. J Clin Invest. 1958 Feb;37(2):255–263. doi: 10.1172/JCI103604. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Henderson A. H., Most A. S., Parmley W. W., Gorlin R., Sonnenblick E. H. Depression of myocardial contractility in rats by free fatty acids during hypoxia. Circ Res. 1970 Apr;26(4):439–449. doi: 10.1161/01.res.26.4.439. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hermreck A. S., Thal A. P. Mechanisms for the high circulatory requirements in sepsis and septic shock. Ann Surg. 1969 Oct;170(4):677–695. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196910000-00017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hiebert J. M., McCormick J. M., Egdahl R. H. Direct measurement of insulin secretory rate: studies in shocked primates and postoperative patients. Ann Surg. 1972 Sep;176(3):296–304. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197209000-00005. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lefer A. M. Blood-borne humoral factors in the pathophysiology of circulatory shock. Circ Res. 1973 Feb;32(2):129–139. doi: 10.1161/01.res.32.2.129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Long C. L., Spencer J. L., Kinney J. M., Geiger J. W. Carbohydrate metabolism in man: effect of elective operations and major injury. J Appl Physiol. 1971 Jul;31(1):110–116. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1971.31.1.110. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. MacLean L. D., Mulligan W. G., McLean A. P., Duff J. H. Patterns of septic shock in man--a detailed study of 56 patients. Ann Surg. 1967 Oct;166(4):543–562. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196710000-00004. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Mackrell D. J., Sokal J. E. Antagonism between the effects of insulin and glucagon on the isolated liver. Diabetes. 1969 Nov;18(11):724–732. doi: 10.2337/diab.18.11.724. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Meguid M. M., Brennan M. F., Aoki T. T., Muller W. A., Ball M. R., Moore F. D. The role of insulin and glucagon in acute trauma. Surg Forum. 1973;24:97–98. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Miller L. D., Oski F. A., Diaco J. F., Sugerman H. J., Gottlieb A. J., Davidson D., Delivoria-Papadopoulos M. The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen: its control and in vivo significance. Surgery. 1970 Jul;68(1):187–195. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Olsson P., Rådegran K., Taylor G. A. Haemodynamic changes resulting from thrombin induced intravascular coagulation. Cardiovasc Res. 1970 Oct;4(4):443–451. doi: 10.1093/cvr/4.4.443. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Owen O. E., Reichard G. A., Jr Human forearm metabolism during progressive starvation. J Clin Invest. 1971 Jul;50(7):1536–1545. doi: 10.1172/JCI106639. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Porte D., Jr A receptor mechanism for the inhibition of insulin release by epinephrine in man. J Clin Invest. 1967 Jan;46(1):86–94. doi: 10.1172/JCI105514. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rocha D. M., Santeusanio F., Faloona G. R., Unger R. H. Abnormal pancreatic alpha-cell function in bacterial infections. N Engl J Med. 1973 Apr 5;288(14):700–703. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197304052881402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rosenberg J. C., Rush B. F. Blood lactic acid levels in irreversible hemorrhagic and lethal endotoxin shock. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1968 Jun;126(6):1247–1250. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Rubin J. W., Clowes G. H., Jr Cardiovascular stresses in surgery. Surg Clin North Am. 1969 Jun;49(3):489–504. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)38833-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Schumer W. Localization of the energy pathway block in shock. Surgery. 1968 Jul;64(1):55–59. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Shoemaker W. C., Montgomery E. S., Kaplan E., Elwyn D. H. Physiologic patterns in surviving and nonsurviving shock patients. Use of sequential cardiorespiratory variables in defining criteria for therapeutic goals and early warning of death. Arch Surg. 1973 May;106(5):630–636. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1973.01350170004003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Siegel J. H., Greenspan M., Del Guercio L. R. Abnormal vascular tone, defective oxygen transport and myocardial failure in human septic shock. Ann Surg. 1967 Apr;165(4):504–517. doi: 10.1097/00000658-196704000-00002. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Soeldner J. S., Slone D. Critical variables in the radioimmunoassay of serum insulin using the double antibody technic. Diabetes. 1965 Dec;14(12):771–779. doi: 10.2337/diab.14.12.771. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Unger R. H. Glucagon and the insulin: glucagon ratio in diabetes and other catabolic illnesses. Diabetes. 1971 Dec;20(12):834–838. doi: 10.2337/diab.20.12.834. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Unger R. H. Glucagon physiology and pathophysiology. N Engl J Med. 1971 Aug 19;285(8):443–449. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197108192850806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. WEIL R., HO P. P., ALTSZULER N. EFFECT OF FREE FATTY ACIDS ON METABOLISM OF PYRUVIC AND LACTIC ACIDS. Am J Physiol. 1965 May;208:887–891. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.208.5.887. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Weissler A. M., Altschuld R. A., Gibb L. E., Pollack M. E., Kruger F. A. Effect of insulin on the performance and metabolism of the anoxic isolated perfused rat heart. Circ Res. 1973 Jan;32(1):108–116. doi: 10.1161/01.res.32.1.108. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Williams L. F., Jr, Goldberg A. H., Polansky B. J., Byrne J. J. Myocardial effects of intestinal ischemia. J Surg Res. 1969 May;9(5):319–323. doi: 10.1016/0022-4804(69)90073-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Wright C. J., Duff J. H., McLean A. P., MacLean L. D. Regional capillary blood flow and oxygen uptake in severe sepsis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1971 Apr;132(4):637–644. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Annals of Surgery are provided here courtesy of Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins

RESOURCES