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. 1995 Jun;39(6):621–625. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb05721.x

Urinary recovery and kinetics of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolites in HIV-seropositive patients and healthy volunteers after a single oral dose of sulphamethoxazole.

A J van der Ven 1, T B Vree 1, E W van Ewijk-Beneken Kolmer 1, P P Koopmans 1, J W van der Meer 1
PMCID: PMC1365073  PMID: 7654479

Abstract

1. The urinary excretion of sulphamethoxazole and its metabolites was compared between healthy volunteers and HIV-seropositive patients in order to get a better understanding of why HIV seropositives are more predisposed to idiosyncratic toxicity of sulphonamides. 2. A single 800 mg oral dose of sulphamethoxazole was administered to seven healthy volunteers and seven asymptomatic HIV seropositives without previous use of sulphonamides. 3. Urine was collected for 4 days and drug analysis was by h.p.l.c. 4. No difference was observed between seropositive and seronegative individuals in the urinary recovery of sulphamethoxazole, N4-acetyl-, 5-hydroxy-, N4-acetyl-5-hydroxy-sulphamethoxazole and the N1-glucuronide conjugate. However the recovery of the hydroxylamine metabolite of sulphamethoxazole was significantly lower in the HIV seropositives (0.50 +/- 0.51 vs 2.23 +/- 0.85%; 95% CI on the difference, -0.90 to -2.55; P = 0.0006). 5. Sulphamethoxazole hydroxylamine may be a factor in the susceptibility of HIV infected individuals to sulphonamides.

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Selected References

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