Skip to main content
PMC home page
The Journal of Physiology logoLink to The Journal of Physiology
. 1968 Dec;199(2):283–302. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008654

The effects of chloralose-urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia on the local and autonomic components of the circulatory response to arterial hypoxia

P I Korner, G Langsford, D Starr, J B Uther, W Ward, S W White
PMCID: PMC1365381  PMID: 5723513

Abstract

1. The circulatory and respiratory responses to severe arterial hypoxia were studied in normal rabbits, `de-efferented' rabbits without functioning autonomic effectors, and atropinized animals before anaesthesia and during chloralose-urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesia. Net systemic autonomic activity and autonomic activity to the heart was assessed from a comparison of the responses of the various preparations.

2. In the normal spontaneously breathing animal each anaesthetic had a similar mode of action, and modified qualitatively the circulatory response present before anaesthesia. In the `de-efferented' animal the circulatory response was determined by the local effects of hypoxia, and was altered only quantitatively during anaesthesia.

3. In the normal unanaesthetized animal the reflex changes in autonomic activity during hypoxia consisted of a large increase in vagal efferent activity, a decrease in cardiac sympatho-adrenal activity, and an increase in total sympatho-adrenal constrictor activity.

4 In hypoxia during anaesthesia the vagal efferent activity no longer increased, but the change in sympatho-adrenal activity to heart and systemic circulation was the same as before anaesthesia in the spontaneously breathing animal. During anaesthesia with controlled ventilation systemic sympatho-adrenal activity increased further, and bradycardia again developed. The bradycardia was now due exclusively to reduction in cardiac sympathetic activity and not to an increase in vagal efferent activity.

Full text

PDF
287

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. BROWN R. V., HILTON J. G. The effectiveness of the baroreceptor reflexes under different anesthetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1956 Oct;118(2):198–203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brown A. M. Cardiac sympathetic adrenergic pathways in which synaptic transmission is blocked by atropine sulfate. J Physiol. 1967 Jul;191(2):271–288. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008250. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. CARRIER O., Jr, WALKER J. R., GUYTON A. C. ROLE OF OXYGEN IN AUTOREGULATION OF BLOOD FLOW IN ISOLATED VESSELS. Am J Physiol. 1964 May;206:951–954. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.206.5.951. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. CHUNGCHAROEN D., De BURGH DALY M., NEIL E., SCHWEITZER A. The effect of carotid occlusion upon the intrasinusal pressure with special reference to vascular communications between the carotid and vertebral circulations in the dog, cat and rabbit. J Physiol. 1952 May;117(1):56–76. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chalmers J. P., Isbister J. P., Korner P. I., Mok H. Y. The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the circulatory response of the rabbit to arterial hypoxia. J Physiol. 1965 Nov;181(1):175–191. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007753. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chalmers J. P., Korner P. I., White S. W. Local and reflex factors affecting the distribution of the peripheral blood flow during arterial hypoxia in the rabbit. J Physiol. 1967 Sep;192(2):537–548. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008315. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chalmers J. P., Korner P. I., White S. W. The control of the circulation in skeletal muscle during arterial hypoxia in the rabbit. J Physiol. 1966 Jun;184(3):698–716. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007942. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chalmers J. P., Korner P. I., White S. W. The effects of haemorrhage in the unanaesthetized rabbit. J Physiol. 1967 Apr;189(3):367–391. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008174. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Chalmers J. P., Korner P. I., White S. W. The relative roles of the aortic and carotid sinus nerves in the rabbit in the control of respiration and circulation during arterial hypoxia and hypercapnia. J Physiol. 1967 Feb;188(3):435–450. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1967.sp008148. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Crocker E. F., Johnson R. O., Korner P. I., Uther J. B., White S. W. Effects of hyperventilation on the circulatory response of the rabbit to arterial hypoxia. J Physiol. 1968 Dec;199(2):267–282. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008653. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. DALY M. D., HAZZLEDINE J. L. THE EFFECTS OF ARTIFICIALLY INDUCED HYPERVENTILATION ON THE PRIMARY CARDIAC REFLEX RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF THE CAROTID BODIES IN THE DOG. J Physiol. 1963 Oct;168:872–889. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007228. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. DALY M. D., SCOTT M. J. The cardiovascular responses to stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors in the dog. J Physiol. 1963 Jan;165:179–197. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1963.sp007051. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. DE DALY M. B., SCOTT M. J. The effects of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors on heart rate in the dog. J Physiol. 1958 Nov 10;144(1):148–166. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1958.sp006092. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DOWNING S. E., REMENSNYDER J. P., MITCHELL J. H. Cardiovascular responses to hypoxic stimulation of the carotid bodies. Circ Res. 1962 Apr;10:676–685. doi: 10.1161/01.res.10.4.676. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Daly M., Ungar A. Comparison of the reflex responses elicited by stimulation of the separately perfused carotid and aortic body chemoreceptors in the dog. J Physiol. 1966 Jan;182(2):379–403. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1966.sp007828. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. EYZAGUIRRE C., LEWIN J. Chemoreceptor activity of the carotid body of the cat. J Physiol. 1961 Dec;159:222–237. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1961.sp006804. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Eyzaguirre C., Koyano H. Effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, and pH on the chemoreceptor activity of the carotid body in vitro. J Physiol. 1965 Jun;178(3):385–409. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007634. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. GORTEN R. J., SMITH O. A., Jr, RUSHMER R. F. VASODEPRESSOR RESPONSES ELICITED BY DIENCEPHALIC STIMULATION IN DOGS. Am J Physiol. 1964 Oct;207:915–920. doi: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1964.207.4.915. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. HEYMANS C. ACTION OF DRUGS ON BLOODPRESSURE HOMEOSTASIS. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1964;15:SUPPL 15–15:65. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. KOPPERMANN E., BRENDEL W., THAUER R. Die Reaktivität des Kreislaufs in Narkose; ein Beitrag zur Frage des Mechanismus der Kreislaufumstellung in Narkose. Pflugers Arch. 1955;260(3):239–260. doi: 10.1007/BF00363389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. KORNER P. I., EDWARDS A. W. The immediate effects of acute hypoxia on the heart rate, arterial pressure, cardiac output and ventilation of the unanaesthetized rabbit. Q J Exp Physiol Cogn Med Sci. 1960 Apr;45:113–122. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1960.sp001449. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Korner P. I. The effect of section of the carotid sinus and aortic nerves on the cardiac output of the rabbit. J Physiol. 1965 Sep;180(2):266–278. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007702. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Korner P. I. The role of the arterial chemoreceptors and baroreceptors in the circulatory response to hypoxia of the rabbit. J Physiol. 1965 Sep;180(2):279–303. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007703. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Korner P. I., Uther J. B., White S. W. Circulatory effects of chloralose-urethane and sodium pentobarbitone anaesthesis in the rabbit. J Physiol. 1968 Dec;199(2):253–265. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008652. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. LANDGREN S., LILJESTRAND G., ZOTTERMAN Y. The effect of certain autonomic drugs on the action potentials of the sinus nerve. Acta Physiol Scand. 1952 Sep 10;26(2-3):264–290. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.1952.tb00909.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. LANDGREN S., LILJESTRAND G., ZOTTERMAN Y. Wirkung von Alkohol, Aceton, Ather und Chloroform auf die Chemoceptoren des Glomus caroticum. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Exp Pathol Pharmakol. 1953;219(3):185–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. MACLEOD R. D., SCOTT M. J. THE HEART RATE RESPONSES TO CAROTID BODY CHEMORECEPTOR STIMULATION IN THE CAT. J Physiol. 1964 Dec;175:193–202. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007511. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. NEIL E., REDWOOD C. R. M., SCHWEITZER A. Effects of electrical stimulation of the aortic nerve on blood pressure and respiration in cats and rabbits under chloralose and nembutal anaesthesia. J Physiol. 1949 Sep;109(3-4):392–401. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1949.sp004402. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. PRICE H. L. General anesthesia and circulatory homeostasis. Physiol Rev. 1960 Apr;40:187–218. doi: 10.1152/physrev.1960.40.2.187. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Scott M. J. Reflex effects of carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation on the heart rate of the rabbit. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1966 Aug;44(4):393–403. doi: 10.1038/icb.1966.37. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Uchida E., Bohr D. F., Hoobler S. W. A method for studying isolated resistance vessels from rabbit mesentery and brain and their responses to drugs. Circ Res. 1967 Oct;21(4):525–536. doi: 10.1161/01.res.21.4.525. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. VANCITTERS R. L., FRANKLIN D. L., RUSHMER R. F. LEFT VENTRICULAR DYNAMICS IN DOGS DURING ANESTHESIA WITH ALPHA-CHLORALOSE AND SODIUM PENTOBARBITAL. Am J Cardiol. 1964 Mar;13:349–354. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(64)90451-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. White S. W. Adrenalectomy in the rabbit. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1966 Aug;44(4):447–449. doi: 10.1038/icb.1966.41. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Physiology are provided here courtesy of The Physiological Society

RESOURCES