Skip to main content
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology logoLink to British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
. 1991 Jul;32(1):3–10. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb05605.x

Possible pharmacological actions of magnesium in acute myocardial infarction.

K L Woods 1
PMCID: PMC1368485  PMID: 1888638

Full text

PDF
10

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abraham A. S., Rosenmann D., Kramer M., Balkin J., Zion M. M., Farbstien H., Eylath U. Magnesium in the prevention of lethal arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 1987 Apr;147(4):753–755. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Adams J. H., Mitchell J. R. The effect of agents which modify platelet behaviour and of magnesium ions on thrombus formation in vivo. Thromb Haemost. 1979 Aug 31;42(2):603–610. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Agus Z. S., Kelepouris E., Dukes I., Morad M. Cytosolic magnesium modulates calcium channel activity in mammalian ventricular cells. Am J Physiol. 1989 Feb;256(2 Pt 1):C452–C455. doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1989.256.2.C452. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Allen B. J., Brodsky M. A., Capparelli E. V., Luckett C. R., Iseri L. T. Magnesium sulfate therapy for sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1989 Nov 15;64(18):1202–1204. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90880-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Altura B. M., Altura B. T., Carella A., Gebrewold A., Murakawa T., Nishio A. Mg2+-Ca2+ interaction in contractility of vascular smooth muscle: Mg2+ versus organic calcium channel blockers on myogenic tone and agonist-induced responsiveness of blood vessels. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1987 Apr;65(4):729–745. doi: 10.1139/y87-120. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Altura B. M., Altura B. T. Magnesium and vascular tone and reactivity. Blood Vessels. 1978;15(1-3):5–16. doi: 10.1159/000158148. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Altura B. T., Altura B. M. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries requires magnesium ions. Br J Pharmacol. 1987 Jul;91(3):449–451. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb11235.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bailie D. S., Inoue H., Kaseda S., Ben-David J., Zipes D. P. Magnesium suppression of early afterdepolarizations and ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by cesium in dogs. Circulation. 1988 Jun;77(6):1395–1402. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.77.6.1395. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Barros L. F., Da-Luz P. L., Silveira M. C., Chagas A. C., Pileggi F. Ventricular fibrillation in acute experimental myocardial ischemia: protection by magnesium sulfate. Braz J Med Biol Res. 1988;21(4):791–799. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Baudouin-Legros M., Dard B., Guicheney P. Hyperreactivity of platelets from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Role of external magnesium. Hypertension. 1986 Aug;8(8):694–699. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.8.8.694. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bergman G., Daly K., Atkinson L., Rothman M., Richardson P. J., Jackson G., Jewitt D. E. Prostacyclin: haemodynamic and metabolic effects in patients with coronary artery disease. Lancet. 1981 Mar 14;1(8220 Pt 1):569–572. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(81)92028-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bersohn M. M., Shine K. I., Sterman W. D. Effect of increased magnesium on recovery from ischemia in rat and rabbit hearts. Am J Physiol. 1982 Jan;242(1):H89–H93. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1982.242.1.H89. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bockaert J., Cantau B., Sebben-Perez M. Hormonal inhibition of adenylate cyclase. A crucial role for Mg2+. Mol Pharmacol. 1984 Sep;26(2):180–186. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Boddeke E., Hugtenburg J., Jap W., Heynis J., van Zwieten P. New anti-ischaemic drugs: cytoprotective action with no primary haemodynamic effects. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 1989 Oct;10(10):397–400. doi: 10.1016/0165-6147(89)90187-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Borchgrevink P. C., Bergan A. S., Bakøy O. E., Jynge P. Magnesium and reperfusion of ischemic rat heart as assessed by 31P-NMR. Am J Physiol. 1989 Jan;256(1 Pt 2):H195–H204. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1989.256.1.H195. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Briel R. C., Lippert T. H., Zahradnik H. P. Veränderungen von Blutgerinnung, Thrombozytenfunktion und vaskulärer Prostazyklinsynthese durch Magnesiumsulfat. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1987 May;47(5):332–336. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1035831. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ceremuzyński L., Jurgiel R., Kulakowski P., Gebalska J. Threatening arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction are prevented by intravenous magnesium sulfate. Am Heart J. 1989 Dec;118(6):1333–1334. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90027-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Davidenko J. M., Cohen L., Goodrow R., Antzelevitch C. Quinidine-induced action potential prolongation, early afterdepolarizations, and triggered activity in canine Purkinje fibers. Effects of stimulation rate, potassium, and magnesium. Circulation. 1989 Mar;79(3):674–686. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.79.3.674. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Etienne Y., Blanc J. J., Boschat J., Le Potier J., Jobic Y., Le Grand O., Penther P. Effets antiarythmiques du sulfate de magnésium intraveineux dans les tachycardies supraventriculaires paroxystiques. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 1988 Nov;37(9):535–538. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Favaron M., Bernardi P. Tissue-specific modulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter by magnesium ions. FEBS Lett. 1985 Apr 22;183(2):260–264. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80789-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ferrari R., Albertini A., Curello S., Ceconi C., Di Lisa F., Raddino R., Visioli O. Myocardial recovery during post-ischaemic reperfusion: effects of nifedipine, calcium and magnesium. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1986 May;18(5):487–498. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2828(86)80914-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Fujita T., Ito Y., Ando K., Noda H., Ogata E. Attenuated vasodilator responses to Mg2+ in young patients with borderline hypertension. Circulation. 1990 Aug;82(2):384–393. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.82.2.384. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Gibson R. S., Boden W. E., Theroux P., Strauss H. D., Pratt C. M., Gheorghiade M., Capone R. J., Crawford M. H., Schlant R. C., Kleiger R. E. Diltiazem and reinfarction in patients with non-Q-wave myocardial infarction. Results of a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. N Engl J Med. 1986 Aug 14;315(7):423–429. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198608143150704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Gold M. E., Buga G. M., Wood K. S., Byrns R. E., Chaudhuri G., Ignarro L. J. Antagonistic modulatory roles of magnesium and calcium on release of endothelium-derived relaxing factor and smooth muscle tone. Circ Res. 1990 Feb;66(2):355–366. doi: 10.1161/01.res.66.2.355. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Gore S. M. Integrated reporting of quality and length of life--a statistician's perspective. Eur Heart J. 1988 Feb;9(2):228–234. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062488. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Gore S. M. Integrated reporting of quality and length of life--a statistician's perspective. Eur Heart J. 1988 Feb;9(2):228–234. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062488. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Goto K., Yasue H., Okumura K., Matsuyama K., Kugiyama K., Miyagi H., Higashi T. Magnesium deficiency detected by intravenous loading test in variant angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1990 Mar 15;65(11):709–712. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)91375-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Hartzell H. C., White R. E. Effects of magnesium on inactivation of the voltage-gated calcium current in cardiac myocytes. J Gen Physiol. 1989 Oct;94(4):745–767. doi: 10.1085/jgp.94.4.745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Hasegawa J., Matsumoto T., Takami T., Fujimoto Y., Kotake H., Mashiba H. Suppression of catecholamine-induced abnormal pacemaker activities by magnesium ion in guinea pig cardiac muscle cells. Magnesium. 1989;8(2):94–99. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Hearse D. J. Reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1977 Aug;9(8):605–616. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2828(77)80357-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Hearse D. J., Stewart D. A., Braimbridge M. V. Myocardial protection during ischemic cardiac arrest. The importance of magnesium in cardioplegic infusates. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978 Jun;75(6):877–885. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Iseri L. T., Allen B. J., Brodsky M. A. Magnesium therapy of cardiac arrhythmias in critical-care medicine. Magnesium. 1989;8(5-6):299–306. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Iseri L. T., Fairshter R. D., Hardemann J. L., Brodsky M. A. Magnesium and potassium therapy in multifocal atrial tachycardia. Am Heart J. 1985 Oct;110(4):789–794. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(85)90458-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Iseri L. T., French J. H. Magnesium: nature's physiologic calcium blocker. Am Heart J. 1984 Jul;108(1):188–193. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(84)90572-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Kimura T., Yasue H., Sakaino N., Rokutanda M., Jougasaki M., Araki H. Effects of magnesium on the tone of isolated human coronary arteries. Comparison with diltiazem and nitroglycerin. Circulation. 1989 May;79(5):1118–1124. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.79.5.1118. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Kugiyama K., Yasue H., Okumura K., Goto K., Minoda K., Miyagi H., Matsuyama K., Kojima A., Koga Y., Takahashi M. Suppression of exercise-induced angina by magnesium sulfate in patients with variant angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Nov;12(5):1177–1183. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(88)92597-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kulick D. L., Hong R., Ryzen E., Rude R. K., Rubin J. N., Elkayam U., Rahimtoola S. H., Bhandari A. K. Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous magnesium in patients with normal conduction systems and no clinical evidence of significant cardiac disease. Am Heart J. 1988 Feb;115(2):367–373. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(88)90483-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Maseri A., Davies G., Hackett D., Kaski J. C. Coronary artery spasm and vasoconstriction. The case for a distinction. Circulation. 1990 Jun;81(6):1983–1991. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.81.6.1983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Maseri A., L'Abbate A., Baroldi G., Chierchia S., Marzilli M., Ballestra A. M., Severi S., Parodi O., Biagini A., Distante A. Coronary vasospasm as a possible cause of myocardial infarction. A conclusion derived from the study of "preinfarction" angina. N Engl J Med. 1978 Dec 7;299(23):1271–1277. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197812072992303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Morton B. C., Nair R. C., Smith F. M., McKibbon T. G., Poznanski W. J. Magnesium therapy in acute myocardial infarction--a double-blind study. Magnesium. 1984;3(4-6):346–352. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Mroczek W. J., Lee W. R., Davidov M. E. Effect of magnesium sulfate on cardiovascular hemodynamics. Angiology. 1977 Oct;28(10):720–724. doi: 10.1177/000331977702801009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Muller J. E., Morrison J., Stone P. H., Rude R. E., Rosner B., Roberts R., Pearle D. L., Turi Z. G., Schneider J. F., Serfas D. H. Nifedipine therapy for patients with threatened and acute myocardial infarction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison. Circulation. 1984 Apr;69(4):740–747. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.69.4.740. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Myers P. R., Minor R. L., Jr, Guerra R., Jr, Bates J. N., Harrison D. G. Vasorelaxant properties of the endothelium-derived relaxing factor more closely resemble S-nitrosocysteine than nitric oxide. Nature. 1990 May 10;345(6271):161–163. doi: 10.1038/345161a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Nadler J. L., Goodson S., Rude R. K. Evidence that prostacyclin mediates the vascular action of magnesium in humans. Hypertension. 1987 Apr;9(4):379–383. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.9.4.379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Oliva P. B., Breckinridge J. C. Arteriographic evidence of coronary arterial spasm in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1977 Sep;56(3):366–374. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.56.3.366. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Palmer R. M., Ashton D. S., Moncada S. Vascular endothelial cells synthesize nitric oxide from L-arginine. Nature. 1988 Jun 16;333(6174):664–666. doi: 10.1038/333664a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Palmer R. M., Ferrige A. G., Moncada S. Nitric oxide release accounts for the biological activity of endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Nature. 1987 Jun 11;327(6122):524–526. doi: 10.1038/327524a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Pernot A. C., Ingwall J. S., Menasche P., Grousset C., Bercot M., Mollet M., Piwnica A., Fossel E. T. Limitations of potassium cardioplegia during cardiac ischemic arrest: a phosphorus 31 nuclear magnetic resonance study. Ann Thorac Surg. 1981 Dec;32(6):536–545. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4975(10)61794-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Rasmussen H. S., Grønbaek M., Cintin C., Balsløv S., Nørregård P., McNair P. One-year death rate in 270 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction, initially treated with intravenous magnesium or placebo. Clin Cardiol. 1988 Jun;11(6):377–381. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960110604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Rasmussen H. S., McNair P., Norregard P., Backer V., Lindeneg O., Balslev S. Intravenous magnesium in acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1986 Feb 1;1(8475):234–236. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90773-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Rasmussen H. S., Suenson M., McNair P., Nørregård P., Balslev S. Magnesium infusion reduces the incidence of arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Clin Cardiol. 1987 Jun;10(6):351–356. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960100610. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Rasmussen H. S., Thomsen P. E. The electrophysiological effects of intravenous magnesium on human sinus node, atrioventricular node, atrium, and ventricle. Clin Cardiol. 1989 Feb;12(2):85–90. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960120204. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Rasmussen H. S., Videbaek R., Melchior T., Aurup P., Cintin C., Pedersen N. T. Myocardial contractility and performance capacity after magnesium infusions in young healthy persons: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. Clin Cardiol. 1988 Aug;11(8):541–545. doi: 10.1002/clc.4960110807. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Rogiers P., Vermeier W., Kesteloot H., Stroobandt R. Effect of the infusion of magnesium sulfate during atrial pacing on ECG intervals, serum electrolytes, and blood pressure. Am Heart J. 1989 Jun;117(6):1278–1283. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(89)90406-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Romani A., Scarpa A. Hormonal control of Mg2+ transport in the heart. Nature. 1990 Aug 30;346(6287):841–844. doi: 10.1038/346841a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Sager P. T., Widerhorn J., Petersen R., Leon C., Ryzen E., Rude R., Rahimtoola S. H., Bhandari A. K. Prospective evaluation of parenteral magnesium sulfate in the treatment of patients with reentrant AV supraventricular tachycardia. Am Heart J. 1990 Feb;119(2 Pt 1):308–316. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8703(05)80021-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Shechter M., Hod H., Marks N., Behar S., Kaplinsky E., Rabinowitz B. Beneficial effect of magnesium sulfate in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1990 Aug 1;66(3):271–274. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(90)90834-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Shine K. I. Myocardial effects of magnesium. Am J Physiol. 1979 Oct;237(4):H413–H423. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.1979.237.4.H413. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Smith L. F., Heagerty A. M., Bing R. F., Barnett D. B. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulphate after acute myocardial infarction: effects on arrhythmias and mortality. Int J Cardiol. 1986 Aug;12(2):175–183. doi: 10.1016/0167-5273(86)90239-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Stark G., Stark U., Pilger E., Hönigl K., Bertuch H., Tritthart H. A. Die Anderung der Erregungsbildung und Erregungsleitung am Herzen unter hohen Magnesiumkonzentrationen. Wien Med Wochenschr. 1988 Aug 31;138(15-16):379–381. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Surawicz B. Is hypomagnesemia or magnesium deficiency arrhythmogenic? J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989 Oct;14(4):1093–1096. doi: 10.1016/0735-1097(89)90494-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Tani M. Mechanisms of Ca2+ overload in reperfused ischemic myocardium. Annu Rev Physiol. 1990;52:543–559. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.52.030190.002551. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Tani M., Neely J. R. Role of intracellular Na+ in Ca2+ overload and depressed recovery of ventricular function of reperfused ischemic rat hearts. Possible involvement of H+-Na+ and Na+-Ca2+ exchange. Circ Res. 1989 Oct;65(4):1045–1056. doi: 10.1161/01.res.65.4.1045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Turlapaty P. D., Altura B. M. Magnesium deficiency produces spasms of coronary arteries: relationship to etiology of sudden death ischemic heart disease. Science. 1980 Apr 11;208(4440):198–200. doi: 10.1126/science.7361117. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Tzivoni D., Banai S., Schuger C., Benhorin J., Keren A., Gottlieb S., Stern S. Treatment of torsade de pointes with magnesium sulfate. Circulation. 1988 Feb;77(2):392–397. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.77.2.392. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Walley T. J., Woods K. L., Barnett D. B. Effects of calcium channel blockers on in vitro platelet function in whole blood using single platelet counting. Thromb Haemost. 1989 Feb 28;61(1):137–139. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Walley T. J., Woods K. L., Barnett D. B. The effects of intravenous and oral nifedipine on ex vivo platelet function. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1989;37(5):449–452. doi: 10.1007/BF00558122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Watson K. V., Moldow C. F., Ogburn P. L., Jacob H. S. Magnesium sulfate: rationale for its use in preeclampsia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Feb;83(4):1075–1078. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.4.1075. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Wesley R. C., Jr, Haines D. E., Lerman B. B., DiMarco J. P., Crampton R. S. Effect of intravenous magnesium sulfate on supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol. 1989 May 1;63(15):1129–1131. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(89)90092-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. White R. E., Hartzell H. C. Effects of intracellular free magnesium on calcium current in isolated cardiac myocytes. Science. 1988 Feb 12;239(4841 Pt 1):778–780. doi: 10.1126/science.2448878. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. White R. E., Hartzell H. C. Magnesium ions in cardiac function. Regulator of ion channels and second messengers. Biochem Pharmacol. 1989 Mar 15;38(6):859–867. doi: 10.1016/0006-2952(89)90272-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology are provided here courtesy of British Pharmacological Society

RESOURCES