Skip to main content
PMC home page
Annals of Surgery logoLink to Annals of Surgery
. 1979 Mar;189(3):367–372. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197903000-00019

Spread to the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast.

J A Andersen, R M Pallesen
PMCID: PMC1397108  PMID: 218505

Abstract

In 40 breasts with primary carcinoma, the nipple and areola were cut horizontally in order to investigate the frequency of intraductal and invasive cancer. In 20 of these breasts the nipple and/or areola were found to be involved at a depth of 1 cm (50%; 95% confidence limits: 33.8-66.2%). Eleven neoplasms were purely intraductal, eight intraductal as well as stromal, and only one purely stromal. By means of clinical or physical findings, it was not possible to select the breasts in which the nipple and/or areola were not involved. It is concluded that the general use of surgical methods preserving the nipple and areola in treating breast cancer leaves a focus of invasive or intraductal carcinoma in about half the patients. The implications of this are not known.

Full text

PDF
369

Images in this article

368Fig. 2.
on p.368
369Fig. 3a and b.
on p.369
370Fig. 4.
on p.370
371Figs. 5a and b.
on p.371

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andersen J. A. Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast with ductal involvement. Frequency and possible influence on prognosis. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 1974 Sep;82(5):655–662. doi: 10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb03590.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Andersen J. A. Lobular carcinoma in situ of the breast. An approach to rational treatment. Cancer. 1977 Jun;39(6):2597–2602. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197706)39:6<2597::aid-cncr2820390644>3.0.co;2-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Angelchik J. P., Wohl R. H. Subcutaneous mastectomy with prosthetic reconstruction. Ariz Med. 1975 Oct;32(10):794–797. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ashikari R., Huvos A. G., Snyder R. E. Prospective study of non-infiltrating carcinoma of the breast. Cancer. 1977 Feb;39(2):435–439. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197702)39:2<435::aid-cncr2820390211>3.0.co;2-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Atkins H., Hayward J. L., Klugman D. J., Wayte A. B. Treatment of early breast cancer: a report after ten years of a clinical trial. Br Med J. 1972 May 20;2(5811):423–429. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5811.423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Berens J. J., Stapley L. A. Breast tumors treated by mastectomy (subcutaneous) with mammary replacement. Ariz Med. 1969 Aug;26(8):651–657. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Brown P. W., Silverman J., Owens E., Tabor D. C., Terz J. J., Lawrence W., Jr Intraductal "noninfiltrating" carcinoma of the breast. Arch Surg. 1976 Oct;111(10):1063–1067. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1976.01360280021003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. ESKELUND V. Mucin staining with Alcian blue. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1957;40(2):107–109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Esselstyn C. B., Jr A technique for partial mastectomy. Surg Clin North Am. 1975 Oct;55(5):1065–1071. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)40733-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Esselstyn C. B., Jr, Hermann R. E., Crile G., Jr, Cooperman A. M., Hoerr S. O. The results of selective conservative treatment in breast cancer. A five-to ten-year follow-up. Bull Soc Int Chir. 1975;34(6):513–517. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Fisher E. R., Gregorio R. M., Fisher B., Redmond C., Vellios F., Sommers S. C. The pathology of invasive breast cancer. A syllabus derived from findings of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project (protocol no. 4). Cancer. 1975 Jul;36(1):1–85. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197507)36:1<1::aid-cncr2820360102>3.0.co;2-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Freeman B. S. Subcutaneous mastectomy for central tumors of the breast, with immediate reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973 Mar;51(3):263–267. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197303000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Freeman B. S. Technique of subcutaneous mastectomy with replacement; immediate and delayed. Br J Plast Surg. 1969 Apr;22(2):161–166. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1226(69)80059-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gallager H. S., Martin J. E. The study of mammary carcinoma by mammography and whole organ sectioning. Early observations. Cancer. 1969 Apr;23(4):855–873. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(196904)23:4<855::aid-cncr2820230420>3.0.co;2-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Gynning I., Jacobsson S., Linell F., Rothman U., Ostberg G. Subcutaneous mastectomy in 80 patients with breast tumours. Indications, surgical results and pathological findings. Acta Chir Scand. 1975;141(6):488–494. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Horton C. E., Adamson J. E., Mladick R. A., Carraway J. H. Simple mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1974 Jan;53(1):42–47. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197401000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Millard D. R., Jr, Devine J., Jr, Warren W. D. Breast reconstruction: a plea for saving the uninvolved nipple. Am J Surg. 1971 Dec;122(6):763–764. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(71)90441-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Morgenstern L., Kaufman P. A., Friedman N. B. The case against tylectomy for carcinoma of the breast. The factor of multicentricity. Am J Surg. 1975 Aug;130(2):251–258. doi: 10.1016/0002-9610(75)90379-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Parry R. G., Cochran T. C., Jr, Wolfort F. G. When is there nipple involvement in carcinoma of the breast? Plast Reconstr Surg. 1977 Apr;59(4):535–537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. QUALHEIM R. E., GALL E. A. Breast carcinoma with multiple sites of origin. Cancer. 1957 May-Jun;10(3):460–468. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(195705/06)10:3<460::aid-cncr2820100307>3.0.co;2-e. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rubin L. R. The cushioned augmentation repair after a subcutaneous mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1976 Jan;57(1):23–29. doi: 10.1097/00006534-197601000-00005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Smith J., Payne W. S., Carney J. A. Involvement of the nipple and areola in carcinoma of the breast. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1976 Oct;143(4):546–548. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Theogaraj S. D. Cancer prophylaxis by subcutaneous mastectomy. Indications and recent trends in reconstruction. Va Med Mon (1918) 1973 Jun;100(6):545–550. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Watts G. T. Reconstruction of the breast as a primary and secondary procedure following mastectomy for carcinoma. Br J Surg. 1976 Oct;63(10):823–825. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800631023. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Watts G. T. Restorative prosthetic mammaplasty in mastectomy for carcinoma and benign lesions. Clin Plast Surg. 1976 Apr;3(2):177–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Annals of Surgery are provided here courtesy of Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins

RESOURCES