Skip to main content
British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) logoLink to British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.)
. 1985 Mar 9;290(6470):729–734. doi: 10.1136/bmj.290.6470.729

Blood pressure measurement: current practice and future trends.

E O'Brien, D Fitzgerald, K O'Malley
PMCID: PMC1418521  PMID: 3918732

Full text

PDF
732

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Armitage P., Fox W., Rose G. A., Tinker C. M. The variability of measurements of casual blood pressure. II. Survey experience. Clin Sci. 1966 Apr;30(2):337–344. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Armitage P., Rose G. A. The variability of measurements of casual blood pressure. I. A laboratory study. Clin Sci. 1966 Apr;30(2):325–335. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Barker W. F., Hediger M. L., Katz S. H., Bowers E. J. Concurrent validity studies of blood pressure instrumentation. The Philadelphia Blood Pressure Project. Hypertension. 1984 Jan-Feb;6(1):85–91. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.6.1.85. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beckman M., Panfilov V., Sivertsson R., Sannerstedt R., Andersson O. Blood pressure and heart rate recordings at home and at the clinic. Evidence for increased cardiovascular reactivity in young men with mild blood pressure elevation. Acta Med Scand. 1981;210(1-2):97–102. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Burke M. J., Towers H. M., O'Malley K., Fitzgerald D. J., O'Brien E. T. Sphygmomanometers in hospital and family practice: problems and recommendations. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Aug 14;285(6340):469–471. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6340.469. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Burns-Cox C. J., Rees J. R., Wilson R. S. Pilot study of home measurement of blood pressure by hypertensive patients. Br Med J. 1975 Jul 12;3(5975):80–80. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5975.80. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Carey R. M., Reid R. A., Ayers C. R., Lynch S. S., McLain W. L., 3rd, Vaughan E. D., Jr The Charlottesville Blood-Pressure Survey. Value of repeated blood-pressure measurements. JAMA. 1976 Aug 16;236(7):847–851. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Chang J. J., Kisaragi M., Okamoto H., Inagami T. Isolation and activation of inactive renin from human kidney and plasma. Plasma and renal inactive renins have different molecular weights. Hypertension. 1981 Sep-Oct;3(5):509–515. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.3.5.509. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Conceiçao S., Ward M. K., Kerr D. N. Defects in sphygmomanometers: an important source of error in blood pressure recording. Br Med J. 1976 Apr 10;1(6014):886–888. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6014.886. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Cottier C., Julius S., Gajendragadkar S. V., Schork M. A. Usefulness of home BP determination in treating borderline hypertension. JAMA. 1982 Aug 6;248(5):555–558. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Davies A. B., Gould B. A., Cashman P. M., Raftery E. B. Circadian rhythm of blood pressure in patients dependent on ventricular demand pacemakers. Br Heart J. 1984 Jul;52(1):93–98. doi: 10.1136/hrt.52.1.93. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Devereux R. B., Pickering T. G., Harshfield G. A., Kleinert H. D., Denby L., Clark L., Pregibon D., Jason M., Kleiner B., Borer J. S. Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension: importance of blood pressure response to regularly recurring stress. Circulation. 1983 Sep;68(3):470–476. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.68.3.470. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. FREIS E. D. The discrepancy between home and office recordings of blood pressure in patients under treatment with pentapyrrolidinium; importance of home recordings in adjusting dosages. Med Ann Dist Columbia. 1954 Jul;23(7):363–passim. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fitzgerald D. J., O'Callaghan W. G., McQuaid R., O'Malley K., O'Brien E. Accuracy and reliability of two indirect ambulatory blood pressure recorders: Remler M2000 and Cardiodyne Sphygmolog. Br Heart J. 1982 Dec;48(6):572–579. doi: 10.1136/hrt.48.6.572. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fitzgerald D. J., O'Malley K., O'Brien E. T. Inaccuracy of London School of Hygiene sphygmomanometer. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Jan 2;284(6308):18–19. doi: 10.1136/bmj.284.6308.18. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Goldberg A. D., Raftery E. B., Cashman P. M., Stott F. D. Study of untreated hypertensive subjects by means of continuous intra-arterial blood pressure recordings. Br Heart J. 1978 Jun;40(6):656–664. doi: 10.1136/hrt.40.6.656. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gould B. A., Kieso H. A., Hornung R., Altman D. G., Cashman P. M., Raftery E. B. Assessment of the accuracy and role of self-recorded blood pressures in the management of hypertension. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Dec 11;285(6356):1691–1694. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6356.1691. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Hawthorne V. M., Greaves D. A., Beevers D. G. Blood pressure in a Scottish town. Br Med J. 1974 Sep 7;3(5931):600–603. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5931.600. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Haynes R. B., Logan A. G., Flanagan P. T., Milne B. J. The effect of patient 'familiarity' with blood pressure assessment on the accuracy of follow-up readings. J Hypertens. 1983 Jun;1(1):91–94. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Horan M. J., Padgett N. E., Kennedy H. L. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: recent advances and clinical applications. Am Heart J. 1981 Jun;101(6):843–848. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(81)90623-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hunyor S. N., Flynn J. M., Cochineas C. Comparison of performance of various sphygmomanometers with intra-arterial blood-pressure readings. Br Med J. 1978 Jul 15;2(6131):159–162. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6131.159. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Irving J. B., Kerr F., Ewing D. J., Kirby B. J. Value of prolonged recording of blood pressure in assessment of hypertension. Br Heart J. 1974 Sep;36(9):859–866. doi: 10.1136/hrt.36.9.859. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Julius S., Ellis C. N., Pascual A. V., Matice M., Hansson L., Hunyor S. N., Sandler L. N. Home blood pressure determination. Value in borderline ("labile") hypertension. JAMA. 1974 Aug 5;229(6):663–666. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Kannel W. B., Sorlie P., Gordon T. Labile hypertension: a faulty concept? The Framingham study. Circulation. 1980 Jun;61(6):1183–1187. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.61.6.1183. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Kieso H. A., Gould B. A., Mann S., Hornung R. S., Altman D. G., Raftery E. B. Effect on intra-arterial blood pressure of slow release metoprolol combined with placebo or chlorthalidone. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983 Sep 10;287(6394):717–720. doi: 10.1136/bmj.287.6394.717. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kimble K. J., Darnall R. A., Jr, Yelderman M., Ariagno R. L., Ream A. K. An automated oscillometric technique for estimating mean arterial pressure in critically ill newborns. Anesthesiology. 1981 May;54(5):423–425. doi: 10.1097/00000542-198105000-00016. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. King G. E. Errors in clinical measurement of blood pressure in obesity. Clin Sci. 1967 Apr;32(2):223–237. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. King G. E. Taking the blood pressure. JAMA. 1969 Sep 22;209(12):1902–1904. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Kleinert H. D., Harshfield G. A., Pickering T. G., Devereux R. B., Sullivan P. A., Marion R. M., Mallory W. K., Laragh J. H. What is the value of home blood pressure measurement in patients with mild hypertension? Hypertension. 1984 Jul-Aug;6(4):574–578. doi: 10.1161/01.hyp.6.4.574. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Labarthe D. R., Hawkins C. M., Remington R. D. Evaluation of performance of selected devices for measuring blood pressure. Am J Cardiol. 1973 Sep 20;32(4):546–553. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(73)80046-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Laher M. S., O'Boyle C. P., Quinn C., O'Malley K., O'Brien E. T. Home measurement of blood pressure: training of relatives. Ir Med J. 1981 Apr;74(4):113–114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Laher M., O'Brien E. In search of Korotkoff. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1982 Dec 18;285(6357):1796–1798. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6357.1796. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Laughlin K. D., Sherrard D. J., Fisher L. Comparison of clinic and home blood pressure levels in essential hypertension and variables associated with clinic-home differences. J Chronic Dis. 1980;33(4):197–206. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(80)90064-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Lehane A., O'Brien E. T., O'Malley K. Reporting of blood pressure data in medical journals. Br Med J. 1980 Dec 13;281(6255):1603–1604. doi: 10.1136/bmj.281.6255.1603-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Littler W. A., Honour A. J., Pugsley D. J., Sleight P. Continuous recording of direct arterial pressure in unrestricted patients. Its role in the diagnosis and management of high blood pressure. Circulation. 1975 Jun;51(6):1101–1106. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.51.6.1101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Littler W. A., West M. J., Honour A. J., Sleight P. The variability of arterial pressure. Am Heart J. 1978 Feb;95(2):180–186. doi: 10.1016/0002-8703(78)90461-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. London S. B., London R. E. Critique of indirect diastolic end point. "Muffling" vs "Last" Sound. Arch Intern Med. 1967 Jan;119(1):39–49. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Milani L., Gatta A., Merkel C., Ruol A. Proteinuria in patients with cirrhosis: relationship between renal and hepatic function. Clin Sci (Lond) 1982 Oct;63(4):387–392. doi: 10.1042/cs0630387. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Millar-Craig M. W., Hawes D., Whittington J. New system for recording ambulatory blood pressure in man. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1978 Nov;16(6):727–731. doi: 10.1007/BF02442453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. O'Callaghan W. G., Fitzgerald D. J., O'Malley K., O'Brien E. Accuracy of indirect blood pressure measurement in the elderly. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1983 May 14;286(6377):1545–1546. doi: 10.1136/bmj.286.6377.1545-a. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. O'Hanrahan M., Laher M., O'Boyle C., O'Malley K., O'Brien E. T. Management of high blood pressure in general practice. Ir Med J. 1982 Apr;75(4):102–105. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Panidis I. P., Kotler M. N., Ren J. F., Mintz G. S., Ross J., Kalman P. Development and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984 May;3(5):1309–1320. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80192-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Perloff D., Sokolow M., Cowan R. The prognostic value of ambulatory blood pressures. JAMA. 1983 May 27;249(20):2792–2798. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Pickering T. G., Harshfield G. A., Kleinert H. D., Laragh J. H. Ambulatory monitoring in the evaluation of blood pressure in patients with borderline hypertension and the role of the defense reflex. Clin Exp Hypertens A. 1982;4(4-5):675–693. doi: 10.3109/10641968209061606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. ROSE G. STANDARDISATION OF OBSERVERS IN BLOOD-PRESSURE MEASUREMENT. Lancet. 1965 Mar 27;1(7387):673–674. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(65)91827-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Ramsey M., 3rd Noninvasive automatic determination of mean arterial pressure. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1979 Jan;17(1):11–18. doi: 10.1007/BF02440948. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Rowlands D. B., Glover D. R., Ireland M. A., McLeay R. A., Stallard T. J., Watson R. D., Littler W. A. Assessment of left-ventricular mass and its response to antihypertensive treatment. Lancet. 1982 Feb 27;1(8270):467–470. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91448-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Schneider R. A., Costiloe J. P., Wolf S. Arterial pressures recorded in hospital and during ordinary daily activities: contrasting data in subjects with and without ischemic heart disease. J Chronic Dis. 1971 Feb;23(9):647–657. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(71)90160-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Short D. The diastolic dilemma. Br Med J. 1976 Sep 18;2(6037):685–686. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6037.685. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Smirk F. H. CASUAL AND BASAL BLOOD PRESSURES IV. THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO THE SUPPLEMENTAL PRESSURE WITH A NOTE ON STATISTICAL IMPLICATIONS. Br Heart J. 1944 Oct;6(4):176–182. doi: 10.1136/hrt.6.4.176. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Sokolow M., Perloff D., Cowan R. The value of portably recorded blood pressures in the initiation of treatment of moderate hypertension. Clin Sci Mol Med Suppl. 1973 Aug;45 (Suppl 1):195s–1958. doi: 10.1042/cs045195s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Sokolow M., Werdegar D., Kain H. K., Hinman A. T. Relationship between level of blood pressure measured casually and by portable recorders and severity of complications in essential hypertension. Circulation. 1966 Aug;34(2):279–298. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.34.2.279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Tarazi R. C. Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy: partial answers for persistent questions. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1984 May;3(5):1349–1351. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(84)80197-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Taylor L., Foster M. C., Beevers D. G. Divergent views of hospital staff on detecting and managing hypertension. Br Med J. 1979 Mar 17;1(6165):715–716. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6165.715. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Vonk R. J., Scholtens E., Strubbe J. H. Biliary excretion of dibromosulphthalein in the freely moving unanaesthetized rat: circadian variation and effects of deprivation of food and pentobarbital anaesthesia. Clin Sci Mol Med. 1978 Oct;55(4):399–406. doi: 10.1042/cs0550399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Waeber B., Nussberger J., Brunner H. R. Are surgery blood pressure measurements adequate to evaluate the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs? J Hypertens. 1984 Oct;2(5):449–451. doi: 10.1097/00004872-198410000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Webster J., Newnham D., Petrie J. C., Lovell H. G. Influence of arm position on measurement of blood pressure. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1984 May 26;288(6430):1574–1575. doi: 10.1136/bmj.288.6430.1574. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Whelton P. K., Thompson S. G., Barnes G. R., Miall W. E. Evaluation of the Vita-Stat automatic blood pressure recorder. A comparison with the Random-Zero sphygmomanometer. Am J Epidemiol. 1983 Jan;117(1):46–54. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Wilkinson P. R., Raftery E. B. Patients' attitudes to measuring their own blood pressure. Br Med J. 1978 Apr 1;1(6116):824–824. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.6116.824. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Wright B. M., Dore C. F. A random-zero sphygmomanometer. Lancet. 1970 Feb 14;1(7642):337–338. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(70)90709-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Medical Journal (Clinical research ed.) are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES