Skip to main content
PMC home page
Immunology logoLink to Immunology
. 1966 Aug;11(2):103–113.

The nature of antibodies to goat erythrocytes in the developing chicken

J J Delhanty, J B Solomon
PMCID: PMC1423769  PMID: 5920792

Abstract

The maturation of the immune response to goat erythrocytes in chicken from hatching onwards is described. Agglutinins in immune sera were examined for their sedimentation properties, heat stability at 65°, resistance to 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) and ability to agglutinate at 4° or 37°. Large doses of goat erythrocytes were given to favour the induction of the IgG response. Agglutinins were tentatively classified as class I, which were cold and warm agglutinins, IgM, ME-susceptible and heat-labile; class II, a warm agglutinin, IgG, ME-resistant and only slightly heat-labile; and class III, a cold agglutinin, possibly IgA, partially resistant to ME but completely heat stable. Immune agglutinin was first detected in sera from 11-day-old chicks and all three types were detectable at 17 days of age. Multiple injections of goat erythrocytes induced an earlier response than single injections. Agglutination titres, in response to weight-adjusted doses of antigen, increased from 5 to 24 weeks of age. Chicks could be made hyperimmune by 6 weeks of age when the proportion of class II antibody was much increased compared to that in primary sera.

Full text

PDF
108

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ADLER F. L. STUDIES ON MOUSE ANTIBODIES. II. MERCAPTOETHANOL-SENSITIVE 7 S ANTIBODIES IN MOUSE ANTISERA TO PROTEIN ANTIGENS. J Immunol. 1965 Jul;95:39–47. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ASHERSON G. L., DUMONDE D. C. Characterization of auto-antibodies produced in the rabbit by the injection of rat liver. Br J Exp Pathol. 1962 Feb;43:12–20. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Adinolfi M. Some serological characteristics of normal incomplete cold antibody. Immunology. 1965 Jul;9(1):31–42. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. BENEDICT A. A., LARSON C., NIK-KHAH H. Synthesis of chicken antibodies of high and low molecular weight. Science. 1963 Mar 29;139(3561):1302–1303. doi: 10.1126/science.139.3561.1302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BUXTON A. Antibody production in avian embryos and young chicks. J Gen Microbiol. 1954 Jun;10(3):398–410. doi: 10.1099/00221287-10-3-398. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Bauer D. C., Stavitsky A. B. ON THE DIFFERENT MOLECULAR FORMS OF ANTIBODY SYNTHESIZED BY RABBITS DURING THE EARLY RESPONSE TO A SINGLE INJECTION OF PROTEIN AND CELLULAR ANTIGENS. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1961 Oct;47(10):1667–1680. doi: 10.1073/pnas.47.10.1667. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. GREY H. M. PHYLOGENY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. STUDIES ON SOME PHYSICAL CHEMICAL AND SEROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANTIBODY PRODUCED IN THE TURTLE. J Immunol. 1963 Dec;91:819–825. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. JACOT-GUILLARMOD H., ISLIKER H. SCISSION R'EVERSIBLE DES ISOAGGLUTININES 19 S: ETUDE DE FIXATION DES SUBUNIT'ES. Vox Sang. 1964 Jan-Feb;9:31–35. doi: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1964.tb03764.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. KARTHIGASU K., JENKIN C. R., TURNER K. J. THE NATURE OF THE OPSONINS IN ADULT HEN SERUM AND DEVELOPING CHICK EMBRYOS TO CERTAIN GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1964 Aug;42:499–510. doi: 10.1038/icb.1964.47. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. MOTA I. THE MECHANISM OF ANAPHYLAXIS. I. PRODUCTION AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 'MAST CELL SENSITIZING' ANTIBODY. Immunology. 1964 Nov;7:681–699. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. MURRAY E. S., O'CONNOR J. M., GAON J. A. DIFFERENTIATION OF 19S AND 7S COMPLEMENT FIXING ANTIBODIES IN PRIMARY VERSUS RECRUDESCENT TYPHUS BY EITHER ETHANETHIOL OR HEAT. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1965 May;119:291–297. doi: 10.3181/00379727-119-30161. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. NOSSAL G. J., ADA G. L., AUSTIN C. M. ANTIGENS IN IMMUNITY. II. IMMUNOGENIC PROPERTIES OF FLAGELLA, POLYMERIZED FLAGELLIN AND FLAGELLIN IN THE PRIMARY RESPONSE. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1964 Jun;42:283–294. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. ONOUE K., YAGI Y., STELOS P., PRESSMAN D. ANTIGEN-BINDING ACTIVITY OF 6S SUBUNITS OF BETA-2-MACROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY. Science. 1964 Oct 16;146(3642):404–405. doi: 10.1126/science.146.3642.404. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. PERNIS B., GHEZZI I., TURRI M. Properties of phage-neutralizing antibodies produced by new-born rabbits. Nature. 1963 Feb 23;197:807–808. doi: 10.1038/197807a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. PIKE R. M., SCHULZE M. L. THE RELATIVE HEAT STABILITY OF ANTIBODIES IN CHROMATOGRAPHIC FRACTIONS OF RABBIT ANTISERA TO VARIOUS ANTIGENS. J Immunol. 1965 Jan;94:31–36. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. ROSENQUIST G. L., GILDEN R. V. CHICKEN ANTIBODIES TO BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN. MOLECULAR SIZE AND SENSITIVITY TO 2-MERCAPTOETHANOL. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1963 Nov 15;78:543–545. doi: 10.1016/0006-3002(63)90920-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. SILVERSTEIN A. M., UHR J. W., KRANER K. L., LUKES R. J. Fetal response to antigenic stimulus. II. Antibody production by the fetal lamb. J Exp Med. 1963 May 1;117:799–812. doi: 10.1084/jem.117.5.799. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. SMITH R. T., EITZMAN D. V. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE RESPONSE OF THE HUMAN INFANT AND ADULT TO IMMUNIZATION WITH SALMONELLA VACCINES. Pediatrics. 1964 Feb;33:163–183. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. SOLOMON J. B., TUCKER D. F. ONTOGENESIS OF IMMUNITY TO ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGENS IN THE CHICK. Immunology. 1963 Nov;6:592–601. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. SVEHAG S. E. THE FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF POLIOVIRUS NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY. 5. CHANGES IN THE QUALITY OF 19S AND 7S RABBIT ANTIBODIES FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand. 1965;64:103–118. doi: 10.1111/apm.1965.64.1.103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Solomon J. B. Induction of antibody formation to goat erythrocytes in the developing chick embryo and effects of maternal antibody. Immunology. 1966 Aug;11(2):89–96. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. UHR J. W., FINKELSTEIN M. S., BAUMANN J. B. Antibody formation. III. The primary and secondary antibody response to bacteriophage phi X 174 in guinea pigs. J Exp Med. 1962 Mar 1;115:655–670. doi: 10.1084/jem.115.3.655. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. UHR J. W., FINKELSTEIN S., FRANKLIN E. C. Antibody response to bacteriophage phi-X-174 in non-mammalian vertebrates. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1962 Oct;111:13–15. doi: 10.3181/00379727-111-27691. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. UHR J. W. THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. Science. 1964 Jul 31;145(3631):457–464. doi: 10.1126/science.145.3631.457. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. WOLFE H. R., MUELLER A., NEESS J., TEMPELIS C. Precipitin production in chickens. XVL The relationship of age to antibody production. J Immunol. 1957 Aug;79(2):142–146. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES