Skip to main content
PMC home page
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology logoLink to British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
. 1980 Sep;10(3):189–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01745.x

Psychomotor function and psychoactive drugs.

I Hindmarch
PMCID: PMC1430071  PMID: 7002180

Full text

PDF
190

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams R. G. Pre-sleep ingestion of two hypnotic drugs and subsequent perfomance. Psychopharmacologia. 1974;40(2):185–190. doi: 10.1007/BF00421369. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Adamson G. T., Finlay S. E. A comparison of the effects of varying dose levels of oxypertine on mood and physical performance of trained athletes. Br J Psychiatry. 1966 Nov;112(492):1177–1180. doi: 10.1192/bjp.112.492.1177. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Aitken R. C. Measurement of feelings using visual analogue scales. Proc R Soc Med. 1969 Oct;62(10):989–993. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ayd F. J., Jr, Calabresi P. Motivations and rewards for volunteering to be an experimental subject. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1972 Sep-Oct;13(5):771–781. doi: 10.1002/cpt1972135part2771. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. BECK L. H., BRANSOME E. D., Jr, MIRSKY A. F., ROSVOLD H. E., SARASON I. A continuous performance test of brain damage. J Consult Psychol. 1956 Oct;20(5):343–350. doi: 10.1037/h0043220. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. BERRY C., GELDER M. G., SUMMERFIELD A. EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DRUG EFFECTS ON HUMAN PERFORMANCE USING INFORMATION THEORY CONCEPTS. Br J Psychol. 1965 Aug;56:255–265. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1965.tb00963.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bernstein M. E., Hughes F. W., Forney R. B. The influence of a new chlordiazepoxide analogue on human mental and motor performance. J Clin Pharmacol J New Drugs. 1967 Nov-Dec;7(6):330–335. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1967.tb00075.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Besser G. M., Steinberg H. L'interaction du chlordiazépoxide et du dexamphétamine chez l'homme. Therapie. 1967 Sep-Oct;22(5):977–990. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Betts T. A., Clayton A. B., Mackay G. M. Effects of four commonly-used tranquillizers on low-speed driving performance tests. Br Med J. 1972 Dec 9;4(5840):580–584. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5840.580. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Biehl B. Studies of clobazam and car-driving. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):85S–90S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04671.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Bond A. J., James D. C., Lader M. H. Physiological and psychological measures in anxious patients. Psychol Med. 1974 Nov;4(4):364–373. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700045803. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Bond A. J., James D. C., Lader M. H. Sedative effects on physiological and psychological measures in anxious patients. Psychol Med. 1974 Nov;4(4):374–380. doi: 10.1017/s0033291700045815. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Bond A. J., Lader M. H. Residual effects of flunitrazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1975 Apr;2(2):143–150. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb01569.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Bond A. J., Lader M. H. Residual effects of hypnotics. Psychopharmacologia. 1972;25(2):117–132. doi: 10.1007/BF00423189. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Bond A. J., Lader M. H. The residual effects of flurazepam. Psychopharmacologia. 1973 Sep 28;32(3):223–235. doi: 10.1007/BF00422145. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Brown J., Lewis V., Brown M. W., Horn G., Bowes J. B. Amnesic effects of intravenous diazepam and lorazepam. Experientia. 1978 Apr 15;34(4):501–502. doi: 10.1007/BF01935954. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Busch M., Klapproth H. E., Lücker P. W., Schmitz H. Ein neues psychometrisches Testmodell auf der Basis des "tailored testing" zur ökonomischen und effizienten Erfassung psychopharmakologischer Effekte. Arzneimittelforschung. 1979;29(5):859–863. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Bye C., Munro-Faure A. D., Peck A. W., Young P. A. A comparison of the effects of 1-benzylpiperazine and dexamphetamine on human performance tests. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1973 Oct;6(3):163–169. doi: 10.1007/BF00558280. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. COLQUHOUN W. P. Effects of hyoscine and meciozine on vigilance and short-term memory. Br J Ind Med. 1962 Oct;19:287–295. doi: 10.1136/oem.19.4.287. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Cernỳ M., Jiràk R., Krulík R., Lukàsovà A., Pavlàt J., Pokornà P. Comparison of the effect of methylphenidate, diazepam and their combination on some psychophysiological variables. Act Nerv Super (Praha) 1973 May;15(2):123–123. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Church M. W., Johnson L. C. Mood and performance of poor sleepers during repeated use of flurazepam. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979 Mar 28;61(3):309–316. doi: 10.1007/BF00432277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Clarke P. R., Eccersley P. S., Frisby J. P., Thornton J. A. The amnesic effect of diazepam (Valium). Br J Anaesth. 1970 Aug;42(8):690–697. doi: 10.1093/bja/42.8.690. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Cohen N. J., Douglas V. I., Morgenstern G. The effect of methylphenidate on attentive behavior and autonomic activity in hyperactive children. Psychopharmacologia. 1971;22(3):282–294. doi: 10.1007/BF00401790. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Consroe P., Carlini E. A., Zwicker A. P., Lacerda L. A. Interaction of cannabidiol and alcohol in humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979;66(1):45–50. doi: 10.1007/BF00431988. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Cooper S. A., Anthony J. E., Mopsik E., Moore M. S., Sullivan D. C., Kruger G. O. A technique for investigating the intensity and duration of human psychomotor impairment after intravenous diazepam. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978 Apr;45(4):493–502. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(78)90029-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Crome P., Newman B. A comparison of the effects of single doses of mianserin and amitriptyline on psychomotor tests in normal volunteers. J Int Med Res. 1978;6(6):430–434. doi: 10.1177/030006057800600602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Córsico R., Moizeszowicz J., Bursuck L., Rovaro E. Evaluation of the psychotropic effect of etifoxine through pursuit rotor performance and GSR. Psychopharmacologia. 1976 Feb 2;45(3):301–303. doi: 10.1007/BF00421144. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Davis K. L., Hollister L. E., Overall J., Johnson A., Train K. Physostigmine: effects on cognition and affect in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1976 Dec 21;51(1):23–27. doi: 10.1007/BF00426316. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. DiMascio A., Barrett J. Comparative effects of oxazepam in "high" and "low" anxious student volunteers. Psychosomatics. 1965 Sep-Oct;6(5):298–302. doi: 10.1016/s0033-3182(65)72241-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Doongaji D. R., Sheth A., Apte J. S., Lakdawala P. D., Khare C. B., Thatte S. S. Clobazam versus diazepam: a double-blind study in anxiety neurosis [proceedings]. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):119S–119S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04677.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Duke R. B., Keeler M. H. The effects of psilocybin, dextro-amphetamine and placebo on performance of the trail making test. J Clin Psychol. 1968 Jul;24(3):316–317. doi: 10.1002/1097-4679(196807)24:3<316::aid-jclp2270240310>3.0.co;2-g. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Dureman I., Norrman B. Clinical and experimental comparison of diazepam, chlorazepate and placebo. Psychopharmacologia. 1975;40(4):279–284. doi: 10.1007/BF00421465. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. EYSENCK H. J., EASTERBROOK J. A. Drugs and personality. X. The effects of stimulant and depressant drugs upon kinaesthetic figural after-effects. J Ment Sci. 1960 Jul;106:852–854. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Edwards F. Risks at work from medication. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1978 Apr;12(3):219–229. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Evans M. A., Martz R., Rodda B. E., Kiplinger G. F., Forney R. B. Quantitative relationship between blood alcohol concentration and psychomotor performance. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1974 Mar;15(3):253–260. doi: 10.1002/cpt1974153253. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Farhoumand N., Harrison J., Pare C. M., Turner P., Wynn S. The effect of high dose oxprenolol on stress-induced physical and psychophysiological variables. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979 Sep;64(3):365–369. doi: 10.1007/BF00427526. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. File S. E., Bond A. J. Impaired performance and sedation after a single dose of lorazepam. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1979;66(3):309–313. doi: 10.1007/BF00428325. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Fink M., Irwin P., Gastpar M., DeRidder J. J. EEG, blood level, and behavioral effects of the antidepressant mianserin (ORG GB-94). Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1977 Nov 15;54(3):249–254. doi: 10.1007/BF00426572. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Frith C. D. The effects of nicotine on tapping: II. Life Sci. 1967 Feb 1;6(3):321–326. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(67)90162-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Frostad A. L., Forrest G. L., Bakker C. B. Influence of personality type on drug response. Am J Psychiatry. 1966 Apr;122(10):1153–1158. doi: 10.1176/ajp.122.10.1153. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. GOLDSTONE S., BOARDMAN W. K., LHAMON W. T. Effect of quinal barbitone, dextro-amphetamine, and placebo on apparent time. Br J Psychol. 1958 Nov;49(4):324–328. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1958.tb00671.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. GOLDSTONE S. Flicker fusion measurements and anxiety level. J Exp Psychol. 1955 Mar;49(3):200–202. doi: 10.1037/h0043393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Ghoneim M. M., Mewaldt S. P. Studies on human memory: the interactions of diazepam, scopolamine, and physostigmine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1977 Mar 23;52(1):1–6. doi: 10.1007/BF00426592. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Ghoneim M. M., Mewaldt S. P., Thatcher J. W. The effect of diazepam and fentanyl on mental, psychomotor and electroencephalographic functions and their rate of recovery. Psychopharmacologia. 1975 Oct 14;44(1):61–66. doi: 10.1007/BF00421185. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Goldstein L., Stoltzfus N. W. Psychoactive drug-induced changes of interhemispheric EEG amplitude relationships. Agents Actions. 1973 Jun;3(2):124–132. doi: 10.1007/BF01986546. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Goldstone S., Kirkham J. E. The effects of secobarbital and dextroamphetamine upon time judgment: intersensory factors. Psychopharmacologia. 1968;13(1):64–73. doi: 10.1007/BF00401619. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Gray J. A. Strength of the nervous system, introversion-extraversion, conditionability and arousal. Behav Res Ther. 1967 Aug;5(3):151–169. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(67)90031-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Grundström R., Holmberg G., Hansen T. Degree of sedation obtained with various doses of diazepam and nitrazepam. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1978 Jul;43(1):13–18. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02226.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Guest A. D., Duncan C., Lawther P. J. Carbon monoxide and phenobarbitone: a comparison of effects on auditory flutter fusion threshold and critical flicker fusion threshold. Ergonomics. 1970 Sep;13(5):587–594. doi: 10.1080/00140137008931182. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Gupta B. S. Stimulant and depressant drugs on kinaesthetic figural after-effects. Psychopharmacologia. 1974 Apr 23;36(3):275–280. doi: 10.1007/BF00421809. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Gupta B. S. The effects of stimulant and depressant drugs on verbal conditioning. Br J Psychol. 1973 Nov;64(4):553–557. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8295.1973.tb01380.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. HOLMBERG G., WILLIAM-OLSSON U. THE EFFECT OF BENZQUINAMIDE, IN COMPARISON WITH CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE AND PLACEBO, ON PERFORMANCE IN SOME PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS. Psychopharmacologia. 1963 Aug 20;4:402–417. doi: 10.1007/BF00403345. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. HUGHES F. W., FORNEY R. B., RICHARDS A. B. COMPARATIVE EFFECT IN HUMAN SUBJECTS OF CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE, DIAZEPAM, AND PLACEBO ON MENTAL AND PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1965 Mar-Apr;6:139–145. doi: 10.1002/cpt196562139. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Haffner J. F., Morland J., Setekleiv J., Stromsaether C. E., Danielsen A., Frivik P. T., Dybing F. Mental and psychomotor effects of diazepam and ethanol. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1973;32(3):161–178. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1973.tb01461.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Harper C. R., Kidera G. J. Aviator performance and the use of hypnotic drugs. Aerosp Med. 1972 Feb;43(2):197–199. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Harry T. V., Richards D. J. Lorazepam--a study in psychomotor depression. Br J Clin Pract. 1972 Aug;26(8):371–373. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Hart J., Hill H. M., Bye C. E., Wilkinson R. T., Peck A. W. The effects of low doses of amylobarbitone sodium and diazepam on human performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1976 Apr;3(2):289–298. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00606.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Hedges A., Turner P., Harry T. V. Preliminary studies on the central effects of lorazepam, a new benzodiazepine. J Clin Pharmacol New Drugs. 1971 Nov-Dec;11(6):423–427. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Hindmarch I. A 1,4-benzodiazepine, temazepam (K 3917), its effect on some psychological parameters of sleep and behaviour. Arzneimittelforschung. 1975 Nov;25(11):1836–1839. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Hindmarch I. A preliminary study of the effects of prepeated doses of clobazam on aspects of performance, arousal and behaviour in a group of anxiety rated volunteers. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 Aug;16(1):17–21. doi: 10.1007/BF00644961. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Hindmarch I. A repeated dose comparison of three benzodiazepine derivative (nitrazepam, flurazepam and flunitrazepam) on subjective appraisals of sleep and measures of psychomotor performance the morning following night-time medication. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1977 Nov;56(5):373–381. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb06678.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Hindmarch I. A sub-chronic study of the subjective quality of sleep and psychological measures of performance on the morning following night time medication with temazepam. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(11):2113–2115. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Hindmarch I., Clyde C. A. The effects of triazolam and nitrazepam on sleep quality, morning vigilance and psychomotor performance. Arzneimittelforschung. 1980;30(7):1163–1166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Hindmarch I. Effects of hypnotic and sleep-inducing drugs on objective assessments of human psychomotor performance and subjective appraisals of sleep and early morning behaviour. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8(1):43S–46S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00455.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Hindmarch I., Gudgeon A. C. The effects of clobazam and lorazepam on aspects of psychomotor performance and car handling ability. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1980 Aug;10(2):145–150. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1980.tb01731.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Hindmarch I., Hanks G. W., Hewett A. J. Clobazam, a 1,5-benzodiazepine, and car-driving ability. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Oct;4(5):573–578. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00788.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. A repeated dose comparison of the side effects of five antihistamines on objective assessments of psychomotor performance, central nervous system arousal and subjective appraisals of sleep and early morning behaviour. Arzneimittelforschung. 1978;28(3):483–486. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C., Arenillas L. A repeated dose comparison of dichloralphenazone, flunitrazepam and amylobarbitone sodium on some aspects of sleep and early morning behaviour in normal subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Apr;4(2):229–233. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00699.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C., Lanza M. The effects of an ergot alkaloid derivative (Hydergine) on aspects of psychomotor performance, arousal, and cognitive processing ability. J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 Nov-Dec;19(11-12):726–732. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1979.tb01643.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. Repeated dose comparison of nomifensine, imipramine and placebo on subjective assessments of sleep and objective measures of psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4(Suppl 2):167S–173S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb05747.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. Repeated dose comparison of nomifensine, imipramine and placebo on subjective assessments of sleep and objective measures of psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4(Suppl 2):167S–173S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb05747.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. The effect of a sub-chronic administration of three dose levels of a 1,5-benzodiazepine derivative, clobazam, on subjective assessments of sleep and aspects of psychomotor performance the morning following night time medication. Arzneimittelforschung. 1978;28(11):2169–2172. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. The effects of combined sedative and anxiolytic preparations on subjective aspects of sleep and objective measure of arousal and performance the morning following nocturnal medication. II. Repeated doses. Arzneimittelforschung. 1980;30(7):1167–1170. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. The effects of combined sedative and anxiolytic preparations on subjective aspects of sleep and objective measures of arousal and performance the morning following nocturnal medication. I: Acute doses. Arzneimittelforschung. 1980;30(6):1025–1028. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Hindmarch I., Parrott A. C. The effects of repeated nocturnal doses of clobazam, dipotassium chlorazepate and placebo on subjective ratings of sleep and early morning behaviour and objective measures of arousal, psychomotor performance and anxiety. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 Oct;8(4):325–329. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04713.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Hindmarch I. Some aspects of the effects of clobazam on human psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):77S–82S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04669.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Hindmarch I. The effects of the sub-chronic administration of an anti-histamine, clemastine, on tests of car driving ability and psychomotor performance. Curr Med Res Opin. 1976;4(3):197–206. doi: 10.1185/03007997609109303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. IDESTROEM C. M., CADENIUS B. CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE, DIPIPERON AND AMOBARBITAL. DOSE EFFECT STUDIES ON HUMAN BEINGS. Psychopharmacologia. 1963 May 21;4:235–246. doi: 10.1007/BF00408179. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Ideström C. M., Cadenius B. Time relations of the effects of alcohol compared to placebo. Dose-response curves for psychomotor and perceptual test performances and blood and urine levels of alcohol. Psychopharmacologia. 1968 Sep 20;13(3):189–200. doi: 10.1007/BF00401399. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. JONES O. Relationship between visual and auditory discrimination and anxiety level. J Gen Psychol. 1958 Jul;59(1):111–118. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1958.9710178. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Jones D. M., Jones M. E., Lewis M. J., Spriggs T. L. Drugs and human memory: effects of low doses of nitrazepam and hyoscine on retention. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 May;7(5):479–483. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00989.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Jones D. M., Lewis M. J., Spriggs T. L. The effects of low doses of diazepam on human performance in group administered tasks. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 Oct;6(4):333–337. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb00860.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. KORNETSKY C. Effects of meprobamate, phenobarbital and dextroamphetamine on reaction time and learning in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1958 Jul;123(3):216–219. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Keesey U. T. Variables determining flicker sensitivity in small fields. J Opt Soc Am. 1970 Mar;60(3):390–398. doi: 10.1364/josa.60.000390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Keuchel I., Kohnen R., Lienert G. A. The effects of alcohol and caffeine on concentration test performance. Arzneimittelforschung. 1979;29(6):973–975. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Kleinknecht R. A., Donaldson D. A review of the effects of diazepam on cognitive and psychomotor performance. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1975 Dec;161(6):399–414. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197512000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Knights R. M., Hinton G. G. The effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on the motor skills and behavior of children with learning problems. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1969 Jun;148(6):643–653. doi: 10.1097/00005053-196906000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. Kornetsky C., Orzack M. H. A research note on some of the critical factors on the dissimilar effects of chlorpromazine and secobarbital on the digit symbol substitution and continuous performance tests. Psychopharmacologia. 1964 Jul 6;6(1):79–86. doi: 10.1007/BF00710917. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  89. Korttila K. Lack of impairment in skills related to driving after intramuscular administration of prilocaine or mepivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1977;21(1):31–36. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.1977.tb01189.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  90. Korttila K., Linnoila M. Psychomotor skills related to driving after intramuscular administration of diazepam and meperidine. Anesthesiology. 1975 Jun;42(6):685–691. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197506000-00010. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  91. Korttila K., Mattila M. J., Linnoila M. Prolonged recovery after diazepam sedation: the influence of food, charcoal ingestion and injection rate on the effects of intravenous diazepam. Br J Anaesth. 1976 Apr;48(4):333–340. doi: 10.1093/bja/48.4.333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  92. Korttila K., Saarnivaara L., Tarkkanen J., Himberg J. J., Hytönen M. Comparison of diazepam and flunitrazepam for sedation during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 1978 Mar;50(3):281–287. doi: 10.1093/bja/50.3.281. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  93. Korttila K., Tammisto T., Ertama P., Pfäffli P., Blomgren E., Häkkinen S. Recovery, psychomotor skills, and simulated driving after brief inhalational anesthesia with halothane or enflurane combined with nitrous oxide and oxygen. Anesthesiology. 1977 Jan;46(1):20–27. doi: 10.1097/00000542-197701000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  94. Lahtinen U., Lahtinen A., Pekkola P. The effect of nitrazepam on manual skill, grip strength, and reaction time with special reference to subjective evaluation of effects on sleep. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1978 Feb;42(2):130–134. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02180.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  95. Landauer A. A., Pocock D. A., Prott F. W. The effect of medazepam and alcohol on cognitive and motor skills used in car driving. Psychopharmacologia. 1974 Jun 21;37(4):159–168. doi: 10.1007/BF00437422. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  96. Liljequist R., Mattila M. J. Acute effects of temazepam and nitrazepam on psychomotor skills and memory. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1979 May;44(5):364–369. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1979.tb02346.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  97. Liljequist R., Seppälä T., Mattila M. J. Amitriptyline- and mianserin-induced changes in acquisition of paired-association learning-task. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 Feb;5(2):149–153. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1978.tb01616.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  98. Linnoila M., Häkkinen S. Effects of diazepam and codeine, alone and in combination with alcohol, on simulated driving. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1974 Apr;15(4):368–373. doi: 10.1002/cpt1974154368. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  99. Luria R. E. The validity and reliability of the visual analogue mood scale. J Psychiatr Res. 1975 Apr;12(1):51–57. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(75)90020-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  100. MACKWORTH J. F. THE EFFECT OF AMPHETAMINE ON THE DETECTABILITY OF SIGNALS IN A VIGILANCE TASK. Can J Psychol. 1965 Jun;19:104–110. doi: 10.1037/h0082897. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  101. MELIKIAN L. The effect of meprobamate on the performance of normal subjects on selected psychological tasks. J Gen Psychol. 1961 Jul;65:33–38. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1961.9920459. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  102. MIRSKY A. F., KORNETSKY C. ON THE DISSIMILAR EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE DIGIT SYMBOL SUBSTITUTION AND CONTINOUS PERFORMANCE TESTS. A REVIEW AND PRELIMINARY INTEGRATION OF BEHAVIORAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE. Psychopharmacologia. 1964 Feb 12;5:161–177. doi: 10.1007/BF00413239. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  103. MacLeod S. M., Giles H. G., Patzalek G., Thiessen J. J., Sellers E. M. Diazepam actions and plasma concentrations following ethanol ingestion. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;11(5):345–349. doi: 10.1007/BF00566531. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  104. Malpas A., Joyce C. R. Effects of nitrazepam, amylobarbitone and placebo on some perceptual, motor and cognitive tasks in normal subjects. Psychopharmacologia. 1969;14(3):167–177. doi: 10.1007/BF00404214. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  105. Malpas A., Legg N. J., Scott D. F. Effects of hypnotics on anxious patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1974 May;124(0):482–484. doi: 10.1192/bjp.124.5.482. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  106. Malpas A., Rowan A. J., Boyce C. R., Scott D. F. Persistent behavioural and electroencephalographic changes after single doses of nitrazepam and amylobarbitone sodium. Br Med J. 1970 Jun 27;2(5712):762–764. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5712.762. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  107. Malpas A. Subjective and objective effects of nitrazepam and amylobarbitone sodium in normal human beings. Psychopharmacologia. 1972;27(4):373–378. doi: 10.1007/BF00429391. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  108. Marjerrison G., Neufeldt A. H., Holmes V., Ho T. Comparative psychophysiological and mood effects of diazepam and dipotassium clorazepate. Biol Psychiatry. 1973 Aug;7(1):31–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  109. Masuda M., Bakker C. B. Personality, catecholamine metabolites, and psychophysiological response to diazepam. J Psychiatr Res. 1966 Dec;4(4):221–234. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(66)90017-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  110. Mattila M. J., Palva E., Seppälä T., Ostrovskaya R. U. Actions and interactions with alcohol of drugs on psychomotor skills: comparison of diazepam and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1978 Aug;234(2):236–246. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  111. Michon J. A. Human information processing--with and without drugs. Psychiatr Neurol Neurochir. 1973 May-Jun;76(3):163–174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  112. Miller L. L., Dolan M. P. Effects of alcohol on short term memory as measured by a guessing technique. Psychopharmacologia. 1974 Mar 9;35(4):353–364. doi: 10.1007/BF00429226. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  113. Molander L., Duvhök C. Acute effects of oxazepam, diazepam and methylperone, alone and in combination with alcohol on sedation, coordination and mood. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1976 Feb;38(2):145–160. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1976.tb03107.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  114. Morland J., Setekleiv J., Haffner J. F., Stromsaether C. E., Danielsen A., Wethe G. H. Combined effects of diazepam and ethanol on mental and psychomotor functions. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh) 1974 Jan;34(1):5–15. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1974.tb01551.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  115. Moser L., Hüther K. J., Koch-Weser J., Lundt P. V. Effects of terfenadine and diphenhydramine alone or in combination with diazepam or alcohol on psychomotor performance and subjective feelings. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 Dec 18;14(6):417–423. doi: 10.1007/BF00716383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  116. Müller-Oerlinghausen B., Bauer H., Girke W., Kanowski S., Goncalves N. Impairment of vigilance and performance under lithium-treatment. Studies in patients and normal volunteers. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol. 1977 Mar;10(2):67–78. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1094521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  117. Nakano S., Gillespie H. K., Hollister L. E. A model for evaluation of antianxiety drugs with the use of experimentally induced stress: Comparison of nabilone and diazepam. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1978 Jan;23(1):54–62. doi: 10.1002/cpt197823154. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  118. Nash H., Stone G. C. Psychological effects of drugs. A factor analytic approach. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1974 Dec;159(6):444–448. doi: 10.1097/00005053-197412000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  119. Nicholson A. N. Performance studies with diazepam and its hydroxylated metabolites. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;8(1):39S–42S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00454.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  120. Orr J., Dussault P., Chappel C., Goldberg L., Reggiani G. Relation between drug-induced central nervous system effects and plasma levels of diazepam in man. Mod Probl Pharmacopsychiatry. 1976;11:57–67. doi: 10.1159/000399453. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  121. Oswald I., Lewis S. A., Dunleavy D. L., Brezinova V., Briggs M. Drugs of dependence though not of abuse: fenfluramine and imipramine. Br Med J. 1971 Jul 10;3(5766):70–73. doi: 10.1136/bmj.3.5766.70. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  122. Palva E. S., Linnoila M. Effect of active metabolites of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, alone or in combination with alcohol, on psychomotor skills related to driving. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1978 Jul 30;13(5):345–350. doi: 10.1007/BF00644607. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  123. Parrott A. C., Hindmarch I. Clobazam. A 1.5 benzodiazepine derivative: effects upon human psychomotor performance under different levels of task reinforcement. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1978 Apr;232(2):261–268. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  124. Peck A. W., Adams R., Bye C., Wilkinson R. T. Residual effects of hypnotic drugs: evidence for individual differences on vigilance. Psychopharmacologia. 1976 May 28;47(2):213–216. doi: 10.1007/BF00735826. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  125. Peck A. W., Bye C. E., Claridge R. Differences between light and sound sleepers in the residual effects of nitrazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977 Apr;4(2):101–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00679.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  126. Peck A. W., Bye C. E., Clubley M., Henson T., Riddington C. A comparison of bupropion hydrochloride with dexamphetamine and amitriptyline in healthy subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979 May;7(5):469–478. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00988.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  127. Penttilä A., Lehti H., Lönnqvist J. Psychotropic drugs and impairment of psychomotor functions. Psychopharmacologia. 1975 Jul 23;43(1):75–80. doi: 10.1007/BF00437618. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  128. REITAN R. M. The comparative effects of placebo, ultran, and meprobamate on psychologic test performances. Antibiotic Med Clin Ther (New York) 1957 Mar;4(3):158–165. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  129. RIZZO P. Ricerche sulle modificazioni della frequenza critica degli stimoli luminosi indotte dall'ingestione di alcool etilico. Riv Med Aeronaut. 1957 Apr-Jun;20(2):249–261. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  130. ROKSETH R., LORENTZEN F. V. Combined effect of alcohol and hypoxia on flicker fusion frequency. J Appl Physiol. 1954 Mar;6(9):559–565. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1954.6.9.559. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  131. Richter R., Hobi V. Die persönlichkeitsspezifische Wirkung eines Tranquilizers. Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(6):1136–1138. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  132. Roden S., Harvey P., Mitchard M. The influence of alcohol on the persistent effects on human performance of the hypnotics Mandrax and Nitrazepam. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1977 Aug;15(8):350–355. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  133. SHAFFER J. W., FREINEK W. R., WOLF S., FOXWELL N. H., KURLAND A. A. A CONTROLLED EVALUATION OF CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM) IN THE TREATMENT OF CONVALESCING ALCOHOLICS. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1963 Nov;137:494–507. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  134. Saario I. Psychomotor skills during subacute treatment with thioridazine and bromazepam, and their combined effects with alcohol. Ann Clin Res. 1976 Apr;8(2):117–123. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  135. Saletu B., Grünberger J. Evaluation of pharmacodynamic properties of psychotropic drugs: quanitative EEG, psychometric and blood level investigations in normals and patients. Pharmakopsychiatr Neuropsychopharmakol. 1979 Jan;12(1):45–58. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1094593. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  136. Salkind M. R., Hanks G. W., Silverstone J. T. Evaluation of the effects of clobazam, A 1,5 benzodiazepine, on mood and psychomotor performance in clinically anxious patients in general practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):113S–118S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04676.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  137. Salkind M. R., Silverstone T. A clinical and psychometric evaluation of flurazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1975 Jun;2(3):223–226. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb01579.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  138. Sambrooks J. E., MacCulloch M. J., Birtles C. J., Smallman C. Assessment of the effects of flurazepam and nitrazepam on visuo-motor performance using an automated assessment technique. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1972;48(5):443–454. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1972.tb04387.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  139. Sambrooks J. E., MacCulloch M. J., Rooney J. F. The automated assessment of the effect of flurazepam and nitrazepam on mood state. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1975 Mar;51(3):201–209. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1975.tb00005.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  140. Schiller P. H. Developmental study of color-word interference. J Exp Psychol. 1966 Jul;72(1):105–108. doi: 10.1037/h0023358. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  141. Seppälä K., Korttila K., Häkkinen S., Linnoila M. Residual effects and skills related to driving after a single oral administration of diazepam, medazepam or lorazepam. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1976 Oct;3(5):831–841. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00635.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  142. Seppälä T. Psychomotor skills during acute and two-week treatment with mianserin (ORG GB 94) and amitriptyline, and their combined effects with alcohol. Ann Clin Res. 1977 Apr;9(2):66–72. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  143. Smith J. M., Misiak H. Critical flicker frequency (CFF) and psychotropic drugs in normal human subjects-a review. Psychopharmacologia. 1976 May 28;47(2):175–182. doi: 10.1007/BF00735818. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  144. Stern J. A., Bremer D. A., McClure J. Analysis of eye movements and blinks during reading: effects of valium. Psychopharmacologia. 1974;40(2):171–175. doi: 10.1007/BF00421367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  145. Stitt F. W., Latour R., Frane J. W. A clinical study of naproxen-diazepam drug interaction on tests of mood and attention. Curr Ther Res Clin Exp. 1977 Feb;21(2):149–156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  146. Suzumura A. The trial production of a kinetic vision tester (type AS-4A) and its application. Annu Rep Res Inst Environ Med Nagoya Univ. 1968;16:77–89. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  147. Taeuber K., Badian M., Brettel H. F., Royen T., Rupp W., Sittig W., Uihlein M. Kinetic and dynamic interaction of clobazam and alcohol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):91S–97S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04672.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  148. Taeuber K. Dynamic interaction of nomifensine with alcohol. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4(Suppl 2):147S–151S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb05742.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  149. Taeuber K., Zapf R., Rupp W., Badian M. Pharmacodynamic comparison of the acute effects of nomifensine, amphetamine and placebo in healthy volunteers. Int J Clin Pharmacol Biopharm. 1979 Jan;17(1):32–37. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  150. Tansella M., Zimmermann-Tansella C., Lader M. The residual effects of N-desmethyldiazepam in patients. Psychopharmacologia. 1974;38(1):81–90. doi: 10.1007/BF00421290. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  151. Tarter R. E., Jones B. M., Simpson C. D., Vega A. Effects of task complexity and practice on performance during acute alcohol intoxication. Percept Mot Skills. 1971 Aug;33(1):307–318. doi: 10.2466/pms.1971.33.1.307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  152. Teichner W. H., Krebs M. J. Laws of the simple visual reaction time. Psychol Rev. 1972 Jul;79(4):344–358. doi: 10.1037/h0032946. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  153. Teichner W. H., Krebs M. J. Laws of visual choice reaction time. Psychol Rev. 1974 Jan;81(1):75–98. doi: 10.1037/h0035867. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  154. Turner P. Clinical pharmacological studies on lorazepam. Curr Med Res Opin. 1973;1(5):262–264. doi: 10.1185/03007997309111675. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  155. UHR L., PLATZ A., MILLER J. G. Time and dosage effects of meprobamate on simple behavioral tasks. J Gen Psychol. 1963 Apr;68:317–323. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1963.9920537. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  156. Uhlenhuth E. H., Turner D. A., Purchatzke G., Gift T., Chassan J. Intensive design in evaluating anxiolytic agents. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1977 Mar 23;52(1):79–85. doi: 10.1007/BF00426604. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  157. Veldkamp W., Straw R. N., Metzler C. M., Demissianos H. V. Efficacy and residual effect evaluation of a new hypnotic, triazolam. J Clin Pharmacol. 1974 Feb-Mar;14(2):102–111. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1974.tb02299.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  158. Walters A. J., Lader M. H. Hangover effect of hypnotics in man. Nature. 1971 Feb 26;229(5287):637–638. doi: 10.1038/229637b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  159. Wilson G. D., Tunstall O. A., Eysenck H. J. Individual differences in tapping performance as a function of time on the task. Percept Mot Skills. 1971 Oct;33(2):375–378. doi: 10.2466/pms.1971.33.2.375. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  160. Wittenborn J. R. Contrasts in antidepressant medications. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1977;4(Suppl 2):153S–156S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb05743.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  161. Wittenborn J. R. Effects of benzodiazepines on psychomotor performance. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):61S–67S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04667.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  162. Wittenborn J. R., Flaherty C. F., Jr, Hamilton L. W., Schiffman H. R., McGough W. E. The effect of minor tranquilizers on psychomotor performance. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 1976 Jun 23;47(3):281–286. doi: 10.1007/BF00427614. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  163. Wittenborn J. R., Flaherty C. F., Jr, McGough W. E., Nash R. J. Psychomotor changes during initial day of benzodiazepine medication. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1979;7 (Suppl 1):69S–76S. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04668.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  164. Zimmermann-Tansella C., Tansella M., Lader M. The effects of chlordesmethyldiazepam on behavioral performance and subjective judgment in normal subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 1976 Oct;16(10 Pt 1):481–488. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology are provided here courtesy of British Pharmacological Society

RESOURCES