Skip to main content
PMC home page
Immunology logoLink to Immunology
. 1970 May;18(5):645–655.

The influence of adjuvants on the immunological response of the chicken

II. Effects of Freund's complete adjuvant on later antibody production after a single injection of immunogen

Valentine I French, J M Stark, R G White
PMCID: PMC1455601  PMID: 4986930

Abstract

A study has been made in the chicken of the late phase (after the 21st day) of the immunological response to a single intramuscular injection of a soluble protein antigen, human serum albumin (HSA), incorporated in a water-in-oil emulsion with or without heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Birds injected with a water-in-oil emulsion showed, after a fall from the initial primary response peak (8–12th day), a second rise in antibody production beginning at the 21st day. Control birds injected with HSA in 0.15 M NaCl failed to show this second rise. The peak of the second phase of antibody production in these experiments fell between the 42nd and 59th days. The results of one experiment showed that in birds injected with Freund's complete adjuvant the average second peak level was 100-fold higher than the average first peak level. However, the second peak level of antibody reached was much higher in birds injected with HSA in Freund's complete adjuvant than in those injected with a simple water-in-oil emulsion.

The avidity of anti-HSA present in the second phase of antibody production by birds injected with HSA in water-in-oil emulsions has been compared with the avidity of anti-HSA produced during the first phase (10th day). The avidity of sera obtained during the second phase of anti-HSA production by birds given water-in-oil emulsions with or without added M. tuberculosis was much greater than that of sera obtained during the first phase.

The anatomical site of antibody production during the second phase of antibody production has been investigated. The findings suggest that, whereas antibody production during the first phase is in the spleen and probably other lymphoid tissues, much of the antibody produced during the second phase may be from the granuloma produced at the site of injection of the water-in-oil emulsion.

Full text

PDF
645

Images in this article

653FIG. 1
on p.653

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. ASKONAS B. A., HUMPHREY J. H. Formation of specific antibodies and gamma-globulin in vitro; a study of the synthetic ability of various tissues from rabbits immunized by different methods. Biochem J. 1958 Feb;68(2):252–261. doi: 10.1042/bj0680252. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. ASKONAS B. A., WHITE R. G. Sites of antibody production in the guinea-pig; the relation between in vitro synthesis of anti-ovalbumin and gamma-globulin and distribution of antibody-containing plasma cells. Br J Exp Pathol. 1956 Feb;37(1):61–74. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. COONS A. H., LEDUC E. H., CONNOLLY J. M. Studies on antibody production. I. A method for the histochemical demonstration of specific antibody and its application to a study of the hyperimmune rabbit. J Exp Med. 1955 Jul 1;102(1):49–60. doi: 10.1084/jem.102.1.49. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. EISEN H. N., SISKIND G. W. VARIATIONS IN AFFINITIES OF ANTIBODIES DURING THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. Biochemistry. 1964 Jul;3:996–1008. doi: 10.1021/bi00895a027. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. FARR R. S. A quantitative immunochemical measure of the primary interaction between I BSA and antibody. J Infect Dis. 1958 Nov-Dec;103(3):239–262. doi: 10.1093/infdis/103.3.239. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. FISCHEL E. E., KABAT E. A., STOERK H. C., BEZER A. E. The role of tubercle bacilli in adjuvant emulsions on antibody production to egg albumin. J Immunol. 1952 Dec;69(6):611–618. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. FREUND J., SCHRYVER E. M., MCGUINESS M. B., GEITNER M. B. Diphtheria antitoxin formation in the horse at site of injection of toxoid and adjuvants. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1952 Dec;81(3):657–658. doi: 10.3181/00379727-81-19976. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Steinberg S. V., Munro J. A., Fleming W. A., French V. I., Stark J. M., White R. G. The influence of adjuvants on the immunological response of the chicken. I. Effects on primary and secondary responses of various adjuvants in the primary stimulus. Immunology. 1970 May;18(5):635–644. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. WHITE R. G., BERNSTOCK L., JOHNS R. G., LEDERER E. The influence of components of M. tuberculosis and other Mycobacteria upon antibody production to ovalbumin. Immunology. 1958 Jan;1(1):54–66. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. WHITE R. G., JOLLES P., SAMOUR D., LEDERER E. CORRELATION OF ADJUVANT ACTIVITY AND CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF WAX D FRACTIONS OF MYCOBACTERIA. Immunology. 1964 Mar;7:158–171. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES