Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Genetics logoLink to Genetics
. 1998 Aug;149(4):1739–1752. doi: 10.1093/genetics/149.4.1739

A physical map of chromosome 7 of Candida albicans.

H Chibana 1, B B Magee 1, S Grindle 1, Y Ran 1, S Scherer 1, P T Magee 1
PMCID: PMC1460290  PMID: 9691033

Abstract

As part of the ongoing Candida albicans Genome Project, we have constructed a complete sequence-tagged site contig map of chromosome 7, using a library of 3840 clones made in fosmids to promote the stability of repeated DNA. The map was constructed by hybridizing markers to the library, to a blot of the electrophoretic karyotype, and to a blot of the pulsed-field separation of the SfiI restriction fragments of the genome. The map includes 149 fosmids and was constructed using 79 markers, of which 34 were shown to be genes via determination of function or comparison of the DNA sequence to the public databases. Twenty-five of these genes were identified for the first time. The absolute position of several markers was determined using random breakage mapping. Each of the homologues of chromosome 7 is approximately 1 Mb long; the two differ by about 20 kb. Each contains two major repeat sequences, oriented so that they form an inverted repeat separated by 370 kb of unique DNA. The repeated sequence CARE2/Rel2 is a subtelomeric repeat on chromosome 7 and possibly on the other chromosomes as well. Genes located on chromosome 7 in Candida are found on 12 different chromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (710.0 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Au-Young J., Robbins P. W. Isolation of a chitin synthase gene (CHS1) from Candida albicans by expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol. 1990 Feb;4(2):197–207. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00587.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Braun B. R., Johnson A. D. Control of filament formation in Candida albicans by the transcriptional repressor TUP1. Science. 1997 Jul 4;277(5322):105–109. doi: 10.1126/science.277.5322.105. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chibana H., Iwaguchi S., Homma M., Chindamporn A., Nakagawa Y., Tanaka K. Diversity of tandemly repetitive sequences due to short periodic repetitions in the chromosomes of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol. 1994 Jul;176(13):3851–3858. doi: 10.1128/jb.176.13.3851-3858.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chindamporn A., Nakagawa Y., Homma M., Chibana H., Doi M., Tanaka K. Analysis of the chromosomal localization of the repetitive sequences (RPSs) in Candida albicans. Microbiology. 1995 Feb;141(Pt 2):469–476. doi: 10.1099/13500872-141-2-469. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chindamporn A., Nakagawa Y., Mizuguchi I., Chibana H., Doi M., Tanaka K. Repetitive sequences (RPSs) in the chromosomes of Candida albicans are sandwiched between two novel stretches, HOK and RB2, common to each chromosome. Microbiology. 1998 Apr;144(Pt 4):849–857. doi: 10.1099/00221287-144-4-849. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chu W. S., Magee B. B., Magee P. T. Construction of an SfiI macrorestriction map of the Candida albicans genome. J Bacteriol. 1993 Oct;175(20):6637–6651. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.20.6637-6651.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cutler J. E., Glee P. M., Horn H. L. Candida albicans- and Candida stellatoidea-specific DNA fragment. J Clin Microbiol. 1988 Sep;26(9):1720–1724. doi: 10.1128/jcm.26.9.1720-1724.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cutler J. E. Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1991;45:187–218. doi: 10.1146/annurev.mi.45.100191.001155. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Daly S., Mastromei G., Yacoub A., Lorenzetti R. Sequence of a dihydrofolate reductase-encoding gene from Candida albicans. Gene. 1994 Sep 15;147(1):115–118. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90049-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Game J. C., Bell M., King J. S., Mortimer R. K. Random-breakage mapping, a rapid method for physically locating an internal sequence with respect to the ends of a DNA molecule. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Aug 11;18(15):4453–4461. doi: 10.1093/nar/18.15.4453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gish W., States D. J. Identification of protein coding regions by database similarity search. Nat Genet. 1993 Mar;3(3):266–272. doi: 10.1038/ng0393-266. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Goffeau A., Barrell B. G., Bussey H., Davis R. W., Dujon B., Feldmann H., Galibert F., Hoheisel J. D., Jacq C., Johnston M. Life with 6000 genes. Science. 1996 Oct 25;274(5287):546, 563-7. doi: 10.1126/science.274.5287.546. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Goshorn A. K., Scherer S. Genetic analysis of prototrophic natural variants of Candida albicans. Genetics. 1989 Dec;123(4):667–673. doi: 10.1093/genetics/123.4.667. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hoyer L. L., Magee B. B., Rikkerink E. H., Scherer S. The ARG4 gene of Candida albicans. Gene. 1994 May 16;142(2):213–218. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(94)90263-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hoyer L. L., Scherer S., Shatzman A. R., Livi G. P. Candida albicans ALS1: domains related to a Saccharomyces cerevisiae sexual agglutinin separated by a repeating motif. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Jan;15(1):39–54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02219.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Iwaguchi S., Homma M., Chibana H., Tanaka K. Isolation and characterization of a repeated sequence (RPS1) of Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol. 1992 Sep;138(9):1893–1900. doi: 10.1099/00221287-138-9-1893. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kim U. J., Shizuya H., de Jong P. J., Birren B., Simon M. I. Stable propagation of cosmid sized human DNA inserts in an F factor based vector. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992 Mar 11;20(5):1083–1085. doi: 10.1093/nar/20.5.1083. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kurtzman C. P., Robnett C. J. Identification of clinically important ascomycetous yeasts based on nucleotide divergence in the 5' end of the large-subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA gene. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 May;35(5):1216–1223. doi: 10.1128/jcm.35.5.1216-1223.1997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Köhler J. R., Fink G. R. Candida albicans strains heterozygous and homozygous for mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components have defects in hyphal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 12;93(23):13223–13228. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.23.13223. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lasker B. A., Page L. S., Lott T. J., Kobayashi G. S. Isolation, characterization, and sequencing of Candida albicans repetitive element 2. Gene. 1992 Jul 1;116(1):51–57. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90628-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Lasker B. A., Page L. S., Lott T. J., Kobayashi G. S., Medoff G. Characterization of CARE-1: Candida albicans repetitive element-1. Gene. 1991 Jun 15;102(1):45–50. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(91)90536-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Leberer E., Ziegelbauer K., Schmidt A., Harcus D., Dignard D., Ash J., Johnson L., Thomas D. Y. Virulence and hyphal formation of Candida albicans require the Ste20p-like protein kinase CaCla4p. Curr Biol. 1997 Aug 1;7(8):539–546. doi: 10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00252-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Levis R. W., Ganesan R., Houtchens K., Tolar L. A., Sheen F. M. Transposons in place of telomeric repeats at a Drosophila telomere. Cell. 1993 Dec 17;75(6):1083–1093. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90318-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Magee B. B., Magee P. T. WO-2, a stable aneuploid derivative of Candida albicans strain WO-1, can switch from white to opaque and form hyphae. Microbiology. 1997 Feb;143(Pt 2):289–295. doi: 10.1099/00221287-143-2-289. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. McEachern M. J., Blackburn E. H. A conserved sequence motif within the exceptionally diverse telomeric sequences of budding yeasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 12;91(8):3453–3457. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.8.3453. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Mukhtar M., Logan D. A., Käufer N. F. The carboxypeptidase Y-encoding gene from Candida albicans and its transcription during yeast-to-hyphae conversion. Gene. 1992 Nov 2;121(1):173–177. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(92)90178-r. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Nolan T., Rosamond J. Isolation and molecular characterisation of the POL3 gene from Candida albicans. Gene. 1996 Dec 12;183(1-2):159–165. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00549-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Rustchenko E. P., Howard D. H., Sherman F. Variation in assimilating functions occurs in spontaneous Candida albicans mutants having chromosomal alterations. Microbiology. 1997 May;143(Pt 5):1765–1778. doi: 10.1099/00221287-143-5-1765. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Sadhu C., McEachern M. J., Rustchenko-Bulgac E. P., Schmid J., Soll D. R., Hicks J. B. Telomeric and dispersed repeat sequences in Candida yeasts and their use in strain identification. J Bacteriol. 1991 Jan;173(2):842–850. doi: 10.1128/jb.173.2.842-850.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Scherer S., Magee P. T. Genetics of Candida albicans. Microbiol Rev. 1990 Sep;54(3):226–241. doi: 10.1128/mr.54.3.226-241.1990. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Scherer S., Stevens D. A. A Candida albicans dispersed, repeated gene family and its epidemiologic applications. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1452–1456. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.5.1452. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Stoldt V. R., Sonneborn A., Leuker C. E., Ernst J. F. Efg1p, an essential regulator of morphogenesis of the human pathogen Candida albicans, is a member of a conserved class of bHLH proteins regulating morphogenetic processes in fungi. EMBO J. 1997 Apr 15;16(8):1982–1991. doi: 10.1093/emboj/16.8.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Suzuki T., Kobayashi I., Kanbe T., Tanaka K. High frequency variation of colony morphology and chromosome reorganization in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. J Gen Microbiol. 1989 Feb;135(Pt 2):425–434. doi: 10.1099/00221287-135-2-425. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Tait E., Simon M. C., King S., Brown A. J., Gow N. A., Shaw D. J. A Candida albicans genome project: cosmid contigs, physical mapping, and gene isolation. Fungal Genet Biol. 1997 Jun;21(3):308–314. doi: 10.1006/fgbi.1997.0983. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Wickes B. L., Golin J. E., Kwon-Chung K. J. Chromosomal rearrangement in Candida stellatoidea results in a positive effect on phenotype. Infect Immun. 1991 May;59(5):1762–1771. doi: 10.1128/iai.59.5.1762-1771.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Genetics are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES