Abstract
The range of values for the 24-hour thyroidal accumulation of radioactive iodine in euthyroid persons varies with geographic location. In the San Bernardino Valley region of Southern California the “normal range” is 6 percent to 33 percent in euthyroid subjects. This is lower than in studies from other areas of the United States. The urinary iodide excretion and the absolute iodine uptake of the thyroid are higher than in studies from many other areas of the United States, pointing to iodine abundance as the reason for this difference. The geographic variation and the possibility of changing dietary iodine intake of normal persons point to the necessity of current and local determinations of the “normal range” of the thyroidal uptake of radioiodine if the results of this thyroid function test are to be properly interpreted.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- ALEXANDER W. D., KOUTRAS D. A., CROOKS J., BUCHANAN W. W., MACDONALD E. M., RICHMOND M. H., WAYNE E. J. Quantitative studies of iodine metabolism in thyroid disease. Q J Med. 1962 Jul;31:281–305. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Akerman M., Di Paola R., Tubiana M. Estimation of the absolute thyroid uptake of stable 127-I using a simplified method and comparison of the results with two classic methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1967 Sep;27(9):1309–1320. doi: 10.1210/jcem-27-9-1309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BLACKBURN C. M., POWER M. H. Diagnostic accuracy of serum protein-bound iodine determination in thyroid disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1955 Nov;15(11):1379–1392. doi: 10.1210/jcem-15-11-1379. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BORST J. R. Disturbances in water- and salt metabolism in the final stage of chronic renal insufficiency. Acta Med Scand. 1949 Nov 30;136(1):1–8. doi: 10.1111/j.0954-6820.1950.tb09608.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- COLL E., DE VENANZI F., FORERO J., GERARDI A., MENDEZ-MARTINEZ J., ROCHE M., SPINETTI-BERTI M., VERA J. Endemic goiter in Venezuela studied with I 131. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1957 Jan;17(1):99–110. doi: 10.1210/jcem-17-1-99. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FIELDS T., KOHLENBRENER R. M., KUNSTADTER R. H., OLINER L. Thyroid function studies in children: normal values for thyroidal I 131 uptake and PBI 131 levels up to the age of 18. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1957 Jan;17(1):61–75. doi: 10.1210/jcem-17-1-61. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FISHER D. A., ODDIE T. H., BURROUGHS J. C. Thyroidal radioiodine uptake rate measurement in infants. Am J Dis Child. 1962 Jun;103:738–749. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1962.02080020755002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FISHER D. A., ODDIE T. H. COMPARISON OF THYROIDAL IODIDE ACCUMULATION AND THYROXINE SECRETION IN EUTHYROID SUBJECTS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1964 Nov;24:1143–1154. doi: 10.1210/jcem-24-11-1143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FISHER D. A., ODDIE T. H., WAIT J. C. THYROID FUNCTION TESTS. FINDINGS IN ARKANSAS CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. Am J Dis Child. 1964 Mar;107:282–287. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- FREDRICKSON D. S., FORSHAM P. H., THORN G. W. The effect of massive cortisone therapy on measurements of thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1952 May;12(5):541–553. doi: 10.1210/jcem-12-5-541. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fisher D. A., Oddie T. H., Epperson D. Effect of increased dietary iodide on thyroid accumulation and secretion in euthyroid Arkansas subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1965 Dec;25(12):1580–1590. doi: 10.1210/jcem-25-12-1580. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GAFFNEY G. W., GREGERMAN R. I., SHOCK N. W. Relationship of age to the thyroidal accumulation, renal excretion and distribution of radioiodide in euthyroid man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1962 Aug;22:784–794. doi: 10.1210/jcem-22-8-784. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GOLDBERG I. J., RICHARDS R., MCFARLANE H., HARLAND W. E. THYROID UPTAKE OF RADIOIODINE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS IN JAMAICA. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1964 Nov;24:1178–1181. doi: 10.1210/jcem-24-11-1178. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- GREER M. A. The effect on endogenous thyroid activity of feeding desiccated thyroid to normal human subjects. N Engl J Med. 1951 Mar 15;244(11):385–390. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195103152441101. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HALNAN K. E. The radioiodine uptake of the human thyroid in pregnancy. Clin Sci. 1958;17(2):281–290. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HILL S. R., Jr, REISS R. S., FORSHAM P. H., THORN G. W. The effect of adrenocorticotropin and cortisone on thyroid function; thyroid-adrenocortical interrelationships. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1950 Nov;10(11):1375–1400. doi: 10.1210/jcem-10-11-1375. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HOBBS J. R., BAYLISS R. I., MACLAGAN N. F. The routine use of 132-I in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Lancet. 1963 Jan 5;1(7271):8–13. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(63)91143-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- HUAMAN A., STOFER B. E. THYROID DISEASE. EVALUATION OF THE SIX-HOUR I-131 UPTAKE TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROID DISEASE. J Kans Med Soc. 1963 Oct;64:434–437. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hoffmann R. G., Williams C. M. Computer generation of normal values for thyroid I-131 uptakes. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1966 Mar;96(3):727–730. doi: 10.2214/ajr.96.3.727. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- IBARRA J. D., Jr, THOMPSON J. Q., ALEXANDER J. S., PETRANY Z. Radioiodine tracer tests in the evaluation of thyroid function. Results of 6-hour and 24-hour uptake determinations in 357 patients. Am J Med Sci. 1960 Feb;239:140–143. doi: 10.1097/00000441-196002000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- JAFFE H. L., OTTOMAN R. E. Evaluation of radioiodine test for thyroid function. J Am Med Assoc. 1950 Jun 10;143(6):515–519. doi: 10.1001/jama.1950.02910410001001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KEARNS J. E., PHILIPSBORN H. F., Jr Values for thyroid uptake of I-131 and protein-bound iodine in "normal" individuals from birth to twenty years. Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch. 1962;36:47–50. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KOUTRAS D. A., ALEXANDER W. D., BUCHANAN W. W., CROOKS J., WAYNE E. J. Stable iodine metabolism in non-toxic goitre. Lancet. 1960 Oct 8;2(7154):784–787. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(60)91855-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KOUTRAS D. A., ALEXANDER W. D., BUCHANAN W. W., CROOKS J., WAYNE E. J. Studies of stable iodine metabolism as a guide to the interpretation of radioiodine tests. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1961 Aug;37:597–606. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0370597. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KOUTRAS D. A., ALEXANDER W. D., HARDEN R. M., WAYNE E. EFFECT OF SMALL IODINE SUPPLEMENTS ON THYROID FUNCTION IN NORMAL INDIVIDUALS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1964 Sep;24:857–862. doi: 10.1210/jcem-24-9-857. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEWITUS Z., HASENFRATZ J., TOOR M., MASSRY S., RABINOWITCH E. 131-I UPTAKE STUDIES UNDER HOT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1964 Oct;24:1084–1086. doi: 10.1210/jcem-24-10-1084. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MCCONAHEY W. M., OWEN C. A., Jr, KEATING F. R., Jr A clinical appraisal of radioiodine tests of thyroid function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1956 Jun;16(6):724–734. doi: 10.1210/jcem-16-6-724. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MORGANS M. E., OLDHAM A. K., TROTTER W. R. The effect of exogenous thyroxine on radioiodine uptake in normal subjects and in cases of thyrotoxicosis in remission. J Endocrinol. 1952 Jul;8(3):250–253. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.0080250. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MUELLER R., BRAUSCH C. C., HIRSCH E. Z., BENUA R. S., DOBYNS B. M. Uptake of radioactive iodine in the thyroid of patients with impaired liver function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1954 Nov;14(11):1287–1299. doi: 10.1210/jcem-14-11-1287. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Maglione A. A., Collica C. J., Rubenfeld S. Advantage of three combined diagnostic procedures with I-131 for the evaluation of thyroid disorders. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1966 Aug;97(4):896–900. doi: 10.2214/ajr.97.4.896. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McGAVACK T. H., SEEGERS W. Status of the thyroid gland after age 50. Metabolism. 1959 Mar;8(2):136–150. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- NEWBURGER R. A., SILVER S., YOHALEM S. B., FEITELBERG S. Uptake and blood level of radioactive iodine in hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 1955 Jul 28;253(4):127–130. doi: 10.1056/NEJM195507282530402. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nagataki S., Shizume K., Nakao K. Thyroid function in chronic excess iodide ingestion: comparison of thyroidal absolute iodine uptake and degradation of thyroxine in euthyroid Japanese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1967 May;27(5):638–647. doi: 10.1210/jcem-27-5-638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ODDIE T. H., THOMAS I. D., RUNDLE F. F., MYHILL J., CATT B. Diagnostic limits for thyroidal radioiodine uptake rates. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1960 Mar;20:389–400. doi: 10.1210/jcem-20-3-389. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Oddie T. H., Pirnique F. G., Fisher D. A., Meade J. H., Jr Geographic variation of radioiodine uptake in euthyroid subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1968 Jun;28(6):761–775. doi: 10.1210/jcem-28-6-761. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PITTMAN J. A., Jr The thyroid and aging. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1962 Jan;10:10–21. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.1962.tb00237.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- POCHIN E. E. The iodine uptake of the human thyroid throughout the menstrual cycle and in pregnancy. Clin Sci. 1952 Nov;11(4):441–445. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pittman J. A., Jr, Dailey G. E., 3rd, Beschi R. J. Changing normal values for thyroidal radioiodine uptake. N Engl J Med. 1969 Jun 26;280(26):1431–1434. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196906262802602. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- QUIMBY E. H., WERNER S. C., SCHMIDT C. Influence of age, sex, and season upon radioiodine uptake by the human thyroid. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1950 Nov;75(2):537–540. doi: 10.3181/00379727-75-18256. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RALL J. E. The role of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis of thyroid disease. Am J Med. 1956 May;20(5):719–731. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(56)90154-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- REILLY W. A., SCOTT K. G., SEARLE G. L., CASTLE J. N. Iodide measurements in various functional states of the thyroid. Metabolism. 1958 Nov;7(6):699–702. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- RIGGS D. S. Quantitative aspects of iodine metabolism in man. Pharmacol Rev. 1952 Sep;4(3):284–370. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROCHE M. Elevated thyroidal 1-131 uptake in the absence of goiter in isolated Venezuelan Indians. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1959 Nov;19:1440–1445. doi: 10.1210/jcem-19-11-1440. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SELBY J. B. An evaluation of thyroid function tests. J Ky Med Assoc. 1962 Jan;60:33–38. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SHELINE G. E., KOULISCHER N., PICKERING D. Thyroidal accumulation of radioiodine in children. AMA J Dis Child. 1957 Apr;93(4):391–395. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1957.02060040393006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SILVER S. RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES IN CLINICAL MEDICINE. N Engl J Med. 1965 Mar 4;272:466–CONTD. doi: 10.1056/NEJM196503042720906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STOLFI J. E., HELD B., PANTALEO G. Radioactive iodine uptake studies in patients with thyroid dysfunction. N Y State J Med. 1960 Jul 1;60:2118–2121. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- STORAASLI J. P., MACINTYRE W. J., FRIEDELL H. L., WEIGLE K. E., Jr Evaluation of methods of measuring the accumulation of I 131 by the thyroid gland. Radiology. 1955 Oct;65(4):489–502. doi: 10.1148/65.4.489. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- VAN MIDDLESWORTH L. Radioactive iodide uptake of normal newborn infants. AMA Am J Dis Child. 1954 Oct;88(4):439–442. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1954.02050100441002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WERNER S. C., HAMILTON H. B., LEIFER E., GOODWIN L. D. An appraisal of the radioiodine tracer technic as a clinical procedure in the diagnosis of the thyroid disorders; uptake measurement directly over the gland and a note on the use of thyrotropin (T.S.H.). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1950 Sep;10(9):1054–1076. doi: 10.1210/jcem-10-9-1054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- WERNER S. C. Response to triiodothyronine as index of persistence of disease in the thyroid remnant of patients in remission from hyperthyroidism. J Clin Invest. 1956 Jan;35(1):57–61. doi: 10.1172/JCI103252. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ZINGG W., PERRY W. F. The influence of adrenal and gonadal steroids on the uptake of iodine by the thyroid gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1953 Jun;13(6):712–723. doi: 10.1210/jcem-13-6-712. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]