Skip to main content
American Journal of Public Health logoLink to American Journal of Public Health
. 1998 Feb;88(2):295–300. doi: 10.2105/ajph.88.2.295

Global disparities in health and human rights: a critical commentary.

S R Benatar 1
PMCID: PMC1508203  PMID: 9491027

Abstract

Widening disparities in health and human rights at a global level represent the dark side of progress associated with escalation of economic and military exploitation and exponential population growth in the 20th century. Even the most basic universal human rights cannot be achieved for all under these circumstances. The goal of improved population health will be similarly elusive while medical care is commodified and exploited for commercial gain in the marketplace. Recognition of the powerful forces that polarize our world and commitment to reversing them are essential for the achievement of human rights for all, for the improvement of public health, and for the peaceful progress required to protect the "rational self-interest" of the most privileged people on earth against the escalation of war, disease, and other destructive forces arising from widespread poverty and ecological degradation.

Full text

PDF
297

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Attfield R. The global distribution of health care resources. J Med Ethics. 1990 Sep;16(3):153–156. doi: 10.1136/jme.16.3.153. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Benatar S. R. Africa and the world. S Afr Med J. 1994 Nov;84(11):723–726. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benatar S. R. Health care reform in the new South Africa. N Engl J Med. 1997 Mar 20;336(12):891–895. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199703203361224. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Elmore-Meegan M., O'Riorden T. Africa on the precipice. An ominous but not yet hopeless future. JAMA. 1993 Aug 4;270(5):629–631. doi: 10.1001/jama.270.5.629. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Gellert G. A. Global health interdependence and the international physicians' movement. JAMA. 1990 Aug 1;264(5):610–613. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Grodin M. A., Annas G. J., Glantz L. H. Medicine and human rights. A proposal for international action. Hastings Cent Rep. 1993 Jul-Aug;23(4):8–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Grodin M. A., Annas G. J. Legacies of Nuremberg. Medical ethics and human rights. JAMA. 1996 Nov 27;276(20):1682–1683. doi: 10.1001/jama.276.20.1682. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Heggenhougen H. K. The epidemiology of functional apartheid and human rights abuses. Soc Sci Med. 1995 Feb;40(3):281–284. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)00227-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Holdstock D. Arms or health: a role for medical colleges? J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1989 Jul;23(3):185–188. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Iglehart J. K. The American health care system. Introduction. N Engl J Med. 1992 Apr 2;326(14):962–967. doi: 10.1056/nejm199204023261426. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kiefer C. W. Militarism and world health. Soc Sci Med. 1992 Apr;34(7):719–724. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(92)90358-w. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Last J. Redefining the unacceptable. Lancet. 1995 Dec 23;346(8991-8992):1642–1643. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)92832-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Logie D. The great exterminator of children. BMJ. 1992 May 30;304(6839):1423–1426. doi: 10.1136/bmj.304.6839.1423. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lundberg G. D. Countdown to millennium--balancing the professionalism and business of medicine. Medicine's Rocking Horse. JAMA. 1990 Jan 5;263(1):86–87. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Mechanic D. America's health care system and its future: the view of a despairing optimist. Med Care Rev. 1993 Spring;50(1):7–48. doi: 10.1177/002570879305000103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Pellegrino E. D. The medical profession as a moral community. Bull N Y Acad Med. 1990 May-Jun;66(3):221–232. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Relman A. S. Shattuck Lecture--the health care industry: where is it taking us? N Engl J Med. 1991 Sep 19;325(12):854–859. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199109193251205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Summerfield D. Western economics and Third World health. Lancet. 1989 Sep 2;2(8662):551–552. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)90665-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Susser M. Health as a human right: an epidemiologist's perspective on the public health. Am J Public Health. 1993 Mar;83(3):418–426. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.3.418. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Zwi A. B., Ugalde A. Military expenditure and foreign aid: should they be linked? BMJ. 1992 May 30;304(6839):1421–1422. doi: 10.1136/bmj.304.6839.1421. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Public Health are provided here courtesy of American Public Health Association

RESOURCES