Skip to main content
Clinical and Experimental Immunology logoLink to Clinical and Experimental Immunology
. 1981 Apr;44(1):63–67.

Immunological evaluation of asymptomatic carriers of hepatitis B virus.

Y Levo, D Shouval, R Tur-Kaspa, S Wollner, S Penchas, A Zlotnick, M Eliakim
PMCID: PMC1537213  PMID: 6973434

Abstract

The immune system of 69 asymptomatic HBsAg carriers with normal liver function tests was evaluated. B cell function, as documented by serum immunoglobulin levels, number of mouse rosette-forming lymphocytes and lymphocyte reactivity to staphylococcal protein A, was intact. On the other hand, T cell function was markedly impaired. This was manifested by a significant decrease in E rosette-forming lymphocytes, an increase in stable rosette-forming cells and decreased reactivity to phytohaemagglutinin and concanavalin A. These data rule out the possibility that the immunological aberrations associated with hepatitis B infection are secondary to liver injury. The abnormal immune state either precedes the viral infection, thus predisposing to the acquisition of a carrier state or, alternatively, is a direct result of the infection.

Full text

PDF
65

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blumberg B. S. Bioethical questions related to hepatitis B antigen. Am J Clin Pathol. 1976 May;65(5 Suppl):848–853. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blumberg B. S. Sex differences in response to hepatitis B virus. I. History. Arthritis Rheum. 1979 Nov;22(11):1261–1266. doi: 10.1002/art.1780221114. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blumberg B. S., Sutnick A. I., London W. T., Millman I. Australia antigen and hepatitis: a comprehensive review. CRC Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1971 Sep;2(3):473–528. doi: 10.3109/10408367109151315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Clot J., Mathieu O., Elharrar S., Robinet-Levy M., Lemaire J. M. Inhibitory effect of Australia-positive sera on in-vitro-stimulated T lymphocytes. Lancet. 1973 Sep 8;2(7828):576–577. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(73)92407-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cohn D. A. High sensitivity to androgen as a contributing factor in sex differences in the immune response. Arthritis Rheum. 1979 Nov;22(11):1218–1233. doi: 10.1002/art.1780221109. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Colombo M., Vernace S. J., Paronetto F. T and B lymphocytes in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Clin Exp Immunol. 1977 Oct;30(1):4–9. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dudley F. J., Giustino V., Sherlock S. Cell-mediated immunity in patients positive for hepatitis-associated antigen. Br Med J. 1972 Dec 30;4(5843):754–756. doi: 10.1136/bmj.4.5843.754. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. El Sheikh N., Osman C. G., Cullens H., Eddleston A. L., Williams R. T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in HBsAg-positive liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1978 Feb;31(2):158–165. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Galili U., Eliakim M., Slavin S., Schlesinger M. Lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic active hepatitis: increase in lymphocytes forming stable E-rosettes. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1975 Nov;4(4):538–544. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(75)90095-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gerber M. J., Phuangsab A., Vittal S. B., Dourdourekas D., Steigmann F., Clowdus B. F. Cell-mediated immune response to hepatitis B antigen in patients with liver disease. Am J Dig Dis. 1974 Jul;19(7):637–643. doi: 10.1007/BF01073019. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Giustino V., Dudley F. J., Sherlock S. Thymus-dependent lymphocyte function in patients with hepatitis-associated antigen. Lancet. 1972 Oct 21;2(7782):850–853. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(72)92212-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Howard C. R., Burrell C. J. Structure and nature of hepatitis B antigen. Prog Med Virol. 1976;22:36–103. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Ibrahim A. B., Vyas G. N., Perkins H. A. Immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen. Infect Immun. 1975 Jan;11(1):137–141. doi: 10.1128/iai.11.1.137-141.1975. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ishimaru H., Ito K., Nakagawa J. Letter: T cells and B cells in HBsAg-positive patients with chronic persistent hepatitis and asymptomatic carriers. Ann Intern Med. 1976 Apr;84(4):444–445. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-84-4-444. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Kasahara T., Kin K., Itoh Y., Kawai T., Morita M., Shioiri-Nakano K. Cellular cooperation in lymphocyte activation. I. Cooperative and noncooperative responses of human T and B lymphocytes to various mitogens. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol. 1979;58(3):260–273. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Laiwah A. A. Lymphocyte transformation by Australia antigen. Lancet. 1971 Aug 28;2(7722):470–471. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)92633-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Levo Y., Wollner S., Hacham-Zadeh S. Immunological study of patients with the Papillon--Lefevre syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 1980 May;40(2):407–410. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McFarlane I. G., Eddleston A. L., Williams R. Lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1977 Oct;30(1):1–3. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mutchnick M. G., Goldstein A. L. In vitro thymosin effect on T lymphocytes in alcoholic liver disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1979 Mar;12(3):271–280. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(79)90030-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Nielsen J. O., Reinicke V., Dietrichson O., Andersen V., Thomsen M., Andersen E. Immunological studies of Australia antigen carriers with and without liver diseases. Clin Exp Immunol. 1973 Sep;15(1):9–16. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Rubin E. Acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Fed Proc. 1979 Dec;38(13):2665–2673. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sherlock S. Predicting progression of acute type-B hepatitis to chronicity. Lancet. 1976 Aug 14;2(7981):354–356. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(76)92607-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Thomas H. C., Freni M., Sanchez-Tapias J., de Villiers D., Jain S., Sherlock S. Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations in chronic liver disease. Clin Exp Immunol. 1976 Nov;26(2):222–227. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tiku M. L., Beutner K. R., Ogra P. L. Immunological aspects of cryoprecipitates from the sera of chronic HBsAg carriers. Clin Exp Immunol. 1979 Apr;36(1):54–62. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wansbrough-Jones M. H., Scullard G. H., Nicholson A., Eddleston A. L., Williams R. Lymphocytes forming stable E-rosettes in acute and chronic hepatitis. Clin Exp Immunol. 1979 Mar;35(3):390–396. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Wybran J., Levin A. S., Spitler L. E., Fudenberg H. H. Rosette-forming cells, immunologic deficiency diseases and transfer factor. N Engl J Med. 1973 Apr 5;288(14):710–713. doi: 10.1056/NEJM197304052881405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Zinkernagel R. M., Doherty P. C. Immunological surveillance against altered self components by sensitised T lymphocytes in lymphocytic choriomeningitis. Nature. 1974 Oct 11;251(5475):547–548. doi: 10.1038/251547a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Zinkernagel R. M. H-2 restriction of virus-specific cytotoxicity across the H-2 barrier. Separate effector T-cell specificities are associated with self-H-2 and with the tolerated allogeneic H-2 in chimeras. J Exp Med. 1976 Oct 1;144(4):933–945. doi: 10.1084/jem.144.4.933. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical and Experimental Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES