Skip to main content
PMC home page
Clinical and Experimental Immunology logoLink to Clinical and Experimental Immunology
. 1993 May;92(2):353–360. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03404.x

Regulation of endothelial adhesion molecules by ligands binding to the scavenger receptor.

T Palkama 1, M L Majuri 1, P Mattila 1, M Hurme 1, R Renkonen 1
PMCID: PMC1554820  PMID: 7683591

Abstract

Monocyte adherence to the endothelium, their penetration to the subendothelial space and excessive lipid accumulation (foam cell formation) are the initial events in atherogenesis. Scavenger receptors have been reported to play an important role in foam cell formation, since modified low density lipoproteins can be taken up via scavenger receptors in a non-down-regulated fashion. In this study we demonstrate that stimulation of scavenger receptors in endothelial cells induces the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules. Polyinosinic acid (poly I), a known scavenger receptor ligand, significantly induced the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells when compared with polycytidylic acid (poly C), a structurally related compound to poly I, which does not bind to the scavenger receptor. The effect of scavenger receptor ligands on the endothelial cell line EA hy. 926 was also tested. Poly I up-regulated ICAM-1 expression also on EA hy. 926 cells, while it had no effect on IL-1 beta or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production on the same cell line. Poly I-induced ICAM-1 expression on EA hy. 926 cells could be inhibited by H7, a protein kinase C inhibitor, while HA 1004, a preferential protein kinase A inhibitor, had no effect on ICAM-1 expression. The role of protein kinase C in scavenger receptor-mediated adhesion molecule upregulation was confirmed by the ability of poly I to directly activate protein kinase C, when measured with 3H-phorbol dibutyrate binding to EA hy. 926 cells, while poly C again was ineffective.

Full text

PDF
360

Images in this article

357Fig. 5
on p.357

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Barath P., Cao J., Forrester J. S. Low density lipoprotein activates monocytes to express tumor necrosis factor. FEBS Lett. 1990 Dec 17;277(1-2):180–184. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)80838-a. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bevilacqua M. P., Pober J. S., Wheeler M. E., Cotran R. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J Clin Invest. 1985 Nov;76(5):2003–2011. doi: 10.1172/JCI112200. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brown M. S., Goldstein J. L. Lipoprotein metabolism in the macrophage: implications for cholesterol deposition in atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1983;52:223–261. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.52.070183.001255. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Carlos T. M., Schwartz B. R., Kovach N. L., Yee E., Rosa M., Osborn L., Chi-Rosso G., Newman B., Lobb R., Rosso M. Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 mediates lymphocyte adherence to cytokine-activated cultured human endothelial cells. Blood. 1990 Sep 1;76(5):965–970. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Carlos T., Kovach N., Schwartz B., Rosa M., Newman B., Wayner E., Benjamin C., Osborn L., Lobb R., Harlan J. Human monocytes bind to two cytokine-induced adhesive ligands on cultured human endothelial cells: endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Blood. 1991 May 15;77(10):2266–2271. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cybulsky M. I., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Endothelial expression of a mononuclear leukocyte adhesion molecule during atherogenesis. Science. 1991 Feb 15;251(4995):788–791. doi: 10.1126/science.1990440. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dougherty R. W., Niedel J. E. Cytosolic calcium regulates phorbol diester binding affinity in intact phagocytes. J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 25;261(9):4097–4100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Edgell C. J., McDonald C. C., Graham J. B. Permanent cell line expressing human factor VIII-related antigen established by hybridization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jun;80(12):3734–3737. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.12.3734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Freeman M., Ashkenas J., Rees D. J., Kingsley D. M., Copeland N. G., Jenkins N. A., Krieger M. An ancient, highly conserved family of cysteine-rich protein domains revealed by cloning type I and type II murine macrophage scavenger receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Nov;87(22):8810–8814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.22.8810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Freeman M., Ekkel Y., Rohrer L., Penman M., Freedman N. J., Chisolm G. M., Krieger M. Expression of type I and type II bovine scavenger receptors in Chinese hamster ovary cells: lipid droplet accumulation and nonreciprocal cross competition by acetylated and oxidized low density lipoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Jun 1;88(11):4931–4935. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.11.4931. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gerrity R. G. The role of the monocyte in atherogenesis: I. Transition of blood-borne monocytes into foam cells in fatty lesions. Am J Pathol. 1981 May;103(2):181–190. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Goldstein J. L., Brown M. S. The low-density lipoprotein pathway and its relation to atherosclerosis. Annu Rev Biochem. 1977;46:897–930. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.46.070177.004341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Goldstein J. L., Ho Y. K., Basu S. K., Brown M. S. Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Jan;76(1):333–337. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.1.333. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hamilton T. A., Ma G. P., Chisolm G. M. Oxidized low density lipoprotein suppresses the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA in stimulated murine peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol. 1990 Mar 15;144(6):2343–2350. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Henriksen T., Mahoney E. M., Steinberg D. Enhanced macrophage degradation of low density lipoprotein previously incubated with cultured endothelial cells: recognition by receptors for acetylated low density lipoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6499–6503. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hessler J. R., Robertson A. L., Jr, Chisolm G. M., 3rd LDL-induced cytotoxicity and its inhibition by HDL in human vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in culture. Atherosclerosis. 1979 Mar;32(3):213–229. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(79)90166-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Johnson W. J., Pizzo S. V., Imber M. J., Adams D. O. Receptors for maleylated proteins regulate secretion of neutral proteases by murine macrophages. Science. 1982 Nov 5;218(4572):574–576. doi: 10.1126/science.6289443. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Johnston P. A., Jansen M. M., Somers S. D., Adams D. O., Hamilton T. A. Maleyl-BSA and fucoidan induce expression of a set of early proteins in murine mononuclear phagocytes. J Immunol. 1987 Mar 1;138(5):1551–1558. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Kodama T., Freeman M., Rohrer L., Zabrecky J., Matsudaira P., Krieger M. Type I macrophage scavenger receptor contains alpha-helical and collagen-like coiled coils. Nature. 1990 Feb 8;343(6258):531–535. doi: 10.1038/343531a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Leeuwenberg J. F., Jeunhomme T. M., Buurman W. A. Role of ELAM-1 in adhesion of monocytes to activated human endothelial cells. Scand J Immunol. 1992 Mar;35(3):335–341. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb02866.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Leeuwenberg J. F., von Asmuth E. J., Jeunhomme T. M., Buurman W. A. IFN-gamma regulates the expression of the adhesion molecule ELAM-1 and IL-6 production by human endothelial cells in vitro. J Immunol. 1990 Oct 1;145(7):2110–2114. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Makgoba M. W., Sanders M. E., Ginther Luce G. E., Dustin M. L., Springer T. A., Clark E. A., Mannoni P., Shaw S. ICAM-1 a ligand for LFA-1-dependent adhesion of B, T and myeloid cells. Nature. 1988 Jan 7;331(6151):86–88. doi: 10.1038/331086a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Matsumoto A., Naito M., Itakura H., Ikemoto S., Asaoka H., Hayakawa I., Kanamori H., Aburatani H., Takaku F., Suzuki H. Human macrophage scavenger receptors: primary structure, expression, and localization in atherosclerotic lesions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Dec;87(23):9133–9137. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.23.9133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Mattila P., Majuri M. L., Mattila P. S., Renkonen R. TNF alpha-induced expression of endothelial adhesion molecules, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, is linked to protein kinase C activation. Scand J Immunol. 1992 Aug;36(2):159–165. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03087.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Nagelkerke J. F., Barto K. P., van Berkel T. J. In vivo and in vitro uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein by rat liver endothelial, Kupffer, and parenchymal cells. J Biol Chem. 1983 Oct 25;258(20):12221–12227. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Osborn L. Leukocyte adhesion to endothelium in inflammation. Cell. 1990 Jul 13;62(1):3–6. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90230-c. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Palinski W., Rosenfeld M. E., Ylä-Herttuala S., Gurtner G. C., Socher S. S., Butler S. W., Parthasarathy S., Carew T. E., Steinberg D., Witztum J. L. Low density lipoprotein undergoes oxidative modification in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1372–1376. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1372. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Palkama T. Induction of interleukin-1 production by ligands binding to the scavenger receptor in human monocytes and the THP-1 cell line. Immunology. 1991 Nov;74(3):432–438. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Pitas R. E., Boyles J., Mahley R. W., Bissell D. M. Uptake of chemically modified low density lipoproteins in vivo is mediated by specific endothelial cells. J Cell Biol. 1985 Jan;100(1):103–117. doi: 10.1083/jcb.100.1.103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Pitas R. E. Expression of the acetyl low density lipoprotein receptor by rabbit fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Up-regulation by phorbol esters. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jul 25;265(21):12722–12727. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Quinn M. T., Parthasarathy S., Fong L. G., Steinberg D. Oxidatively modified low density lipoproteins: a potential role in recruitment and retention of monocyte/macrophages during atherogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2995–2998. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.9.2995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Renkonen R., Mennander A., Ustinov J., Mattila P. Activation of protein kinase C is crucial in the regulation of ICAM-1 expression on endothelial cells by interferon-gamma. Int Immunol. 1990;2(8):719–724. doi: 10.1093/intimm/2.8.719. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Renkonen R., Ristimäki A., Häyry P. Interferon-gamma protects human endothelial cells from lymphokine-activated killer cell-mediated lysis. Eur J Immunol. 1988 Nov;18(11):1839–1842. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830181129. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Rice G. E., Munro J. M., Corless C., Bevilacqua M. P. Vascular and nonvascular expression of INCAM-110. A target for mononuclear leukocyte adhesion in normal and inflamed human tissues. Am J Pathol. 1991 Feb;138(2):385–393. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Ritchie A. J., Johnson D. R., Ewenstein B. M., Pober J. S. Tumor necrosis factor induction of endothelial cell surface antigens is independent of protein kinase C activation or inactivation. Studies with phorbol myristate acetate and staurosporine. J Immunol. 1991 May 1;146(9):3056–3062. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rohrer L., Freeman M., Kodama T., Penman M., Krieger M. Coiled-coil fibrous domains mediate ligand binding by macrophage scavenger receptor type II. Nature. 1990 Feb 8;343(6258):570–572. doi: 10.1038/343570a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Ross R., Masuda J., Raines E. W., Gown A. M., Katsuda S., Sasahara M., Malden L. T., Masuko H., Sato H. Localization of PDGF-B protein in macrophages in all phases of atherogenesis. Science. 1990 May 25;248(4958):1009–1012. doi: 10.1126/science.2343305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Ross R. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis--an update. N Engl J Med. 1986 Feb 20;314(8):488–500. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198602203140806. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Schaffner T., Taylor K., Bartucci E. J., Fischer-Dzoga K., Beeson J. H., Glagov S., Wissler R. W. Arterial foam cells with distinctive immunomorphologic and histochemical features of macrophages. Am J Pathol. 1980 Jul;100(1):57–80. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Schwab M., Alitalo K., Varmus H. E., Bishop J. M., George D. A cellular oncogene (c-Ki-ras) is amplified, overexpressed, and located within karyotypic abnormalities in mouse adrenocortical tumour cells. Nature. 1983 Jun 9;303(5917):497–501. doi: 10.1038/303497a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Schütze S., Nottrott S., Pfizenmaier K., Krönke M. Tumor necrosis factor signal transduction. Cell-type-specific activation and translocation of protein kinase C. J Immunol. 1990 Apr 1;144(7):2604–2608. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Staunton D. E., Marlin S. D., Stratowa C., Dustin M. L., Springer T. A. Primary structure of ICAM-1 demonstrates interaction between members of the immunoglobulin and integrin supergene families. Cell. 1988 Mar 25;52(6):925–933. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90434-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Suggs J. E., Madden M. C., Friedman M., Edgell C. J. Prostacyclin expression by a continuous human cell line derived from vascular endothelium. Blood. 1986 Oct;68(4):825–829. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Turunen J. P., Mattila P., Renkonen R. cAMP mediates IL-1-induced lymphocyte penetration through endothelial monolayers. J Immunol. 1990 Dec 15;145(12):4192–4197. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Yokode M., Kita T., Kikawa Y., Ogorochi T., Narumiya S., Kawai C. Stimulated arachidonate metabolism during foam cell transformation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with oxidized low density lipoprotein. J Clin Invest. 1988 Mar;81(3):720–729. doi: 10.1172/JCI113377. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Clinical and Experimental Immunology are provided here courtesy of British Society for Immunology

RESOURCES