Abstract
In 232 newborn babies of less than 32 weeks' gestational age ultrasound brain scans were carried out shortly after birth, daily for the first week of life, and at least twice weekly thereafter. Periventricular echogenicity associated with or progressing to periventricular leukomalacia (ischaemic brain lesions) was present in nine babies within two hours of birth (early onset); 30 other babies subsequently developed similar lesions (late onset). Babies with early onset lesions were more likely to have a history of intrauterine growth retardation and to have recurrent apnoea in the first few hours after birth. By contrast, late onset lesions were associated with hyaline membrane disease. In later childhood four of six survivors with early onset periventricular leukomalacia, and seven of 14 survivors with late onset periventricular leukomalacia, had various disabilities including spastic diplegia, impaired vision, squints, sensorineural hearing loss, and developmental delay. In a third of the children with disabilities ischaemic brain lesions were noted within two hours of birth, raising the possibility that some of this damage had taken place before or during birth.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Adlard B. P., De Souza S. W., Dobbing J. Effects of growth retardation and asphyxia on brain electrolytes and on glycolysis in developing rats. Pediatr Res. 1973 May;7(5):494–499. doi: 10.1203/00006450-197305000-00002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bejar R., Wozniak P., Allard M., Benirschke K., Vaucher Y., Coen R., Berry C., Schragg P., Villegas I., Resnik R. Antenatal origin of neurologic damage in newborn infants. I. Preterm infants. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Aug;159(2):357–363. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80084-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Calvert S. A., Hoskins E. M., Fong K. W., Forsyth S. C. Etiological factors associated with the development of periventricular leukomalacia. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1987 Mar;76(2):254–259. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1987.tb10456.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Campbell S., Diaz-Recasens J., Griffin D. R., Cohen-Overbeek T. E., Pearce J. M., Willson K., Teague M. J. New doppler technique for assessing uteroplacental blood flow. Lancet. 1983 Mar 26;1(8326 Pt 1):675–677. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(83)91970-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colombo M., Mannucci P. M., Carnelli V., Savidge G. F., Gazengel C., Schimpf K. Transmission of non-A, non-B hepatitis by heat-treated factor VIII concentrate. Lancet. 1985 Jul 6;2(8445):1–4. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90055-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dubowitz L. M., Bydder G. M., Mushin J. Developmental sequence of periventricular leukomalacia. Correlation of ultrasound, clinical, and nuclear magnetic resonance functions. Arch Dis Child. 1985 Apr;60(4):349–355. doi: 10.1136/adc.60.4.349. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Marlow N., D'Souza S. W., Chiswick M. L. Neurodevelopmental outcome in babies weighing less than 2001 g at birth. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 Jun 20;294(6587):1582–1586. doi: 10.1136/bmj.294.6587.1582. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Perlman J. M., Volpe J. J. Episodes of apnea and bradycardia in the preterm newborn: impact on cerebral circulation. Pediatrics. 1985 Sep;76(3):333–338. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rushton D. I., Preston P. R., Durbin G. M. Structure and evolution of echo dense lesions in the neonatal brain. A combined ultrasound and necropsy study. Arch Dis Child. 1985 Sep;60(9):798–808. doi: 10.1136/adc.60.9.798. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Trounce J. Q., Fagan D., Levene M. I. Intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leucomalacia: ultrasound and autopsy correlation. Arch Dis Child. 1986 Dec;61(12):1203–1207. doi: 10.1136/adc.61.12.1203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Volpe J. J., Herscovitch P., Perlman J. M., Raichle M. E. Positron emission tomography in the newborn: extensive impairment of regional cerebral blood flow with intraventricular hemorrhage and hemorrhagic intracerebral involvement. Pediatrics. 1983 Nov;72(5):589–601. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Weindling A. M., Wilkinson A. R., Cook J., Calvert S. A., Fok T. F., Rochefort M. J. Perinatal events which precede periventricular haemorrhage and leukomalacia in the newborn. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1985 Dec;92(12):1218–1223. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1985.tb04865.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- de Vries L. S., Regev R., Dubowitz L. M. Late onset cystic leucomalacia. Arch Dis Child. 1986 Mar;61(3):298–299. doi: 10.1136/adc.61.3.298. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]