Abstract
One hundred and forty nine Asian children who received BCG vaccine shortly after birth were reviewed at the age of 22 months. Many of them had an apparently inadequate response to the vaccine. A quarter had no scar, and half of the children with a scar had a negative response to 10 TU (Mantoux 1/1000) and these children showed only limited lymphocyte transformation in vitro in response to tuberculin. Various measurements of health at age 22 months suggested the Mantoux negative children were less privileged than the Mantoux positive ones, but the differences were not striking and most were not significant. It seemed more likely that the high incidence of poor response was due to some factor operating in the perinatal period. There was circumstantial evidence implicating perinatal nutrition, and there is a theoretical possibility of interference with vaccination by maternal antibody.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Chandra R. K. Interactions of nutrition, infection and immune response. Immunocompetence in nutritional deficiency, methodological considerations and intervention strategies. Acta Paediatr Scand. 1979 Jan;68(1):137–144. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1979.tb04975.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chandra R. K. Serum thymic hormone activity and cell-mediated immunity in healthy neonates, preterm infants, and small-for-gestational age infants. Pediatrics. 1981 Mar;67(3):407–411. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Comstock G. W., Palmer C. E. Long-term results of BCG vaccination in the southern United States. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1966 Feb;93(2):171–183. doi: 10.1164/arrd.1966.93.2.171. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ferguson A. C. Prolonged impairment of cellular immunity in children with intrauterine growth retardation. J Pediatr. 1978 Jul;93(1):52–56. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(78)80599-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hart P. D., Sutherland I. BCG and vole bacillus vaccines in the prevention of tuberculosis in adolescence and early adult life. Br Med J. 1977 Jul 30;2(6082):293–295. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.6082.293. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ROSENTHAL S. R., LOEWINSOHNE, GRAHAM M. L., LIVERIGHT D., THORNE G., JOHNSON V. BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in Chicago. A twenty-year study statistically analyzed. Pediatrics. 1961 Oct;28:622–641. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Smith P. G. Retrospective assessment of the effectiveness of BCG vaccination against tuberculosis using the case-control method. Tubercle. 1982 Mar;63(1):23–35. doi: 10.1016/s0041-3879(82)80006-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stanford J. L., Shield M. J., Rook G. A. How environmental mycobacteria may predetermine the protective efficacy of BCG. Tubercle. 1981 Mar;62(1):55–62. doi: 10.1016/0041-3879(81)90037-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Viegas O. A., Scott P. H., Cole T. J., Eaton P., Needham P. G., Wharton B. A. Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento, Birmingham. II: Selective during third trimester only. 1982 Aug 28-Sep 4Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285(6342):592–595. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6342.592. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Viegas O. A., Scott P. H., Cole T. J., Mansfield H. N., Wharton P., Wharton B. A. Dietary protein energy supplementation of pregnant Asian mothers at Sorrento, Birmingham. I: Unselective during second and third trimesters. 1982 Aug 28-Sep 4Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 285(6342):589–592. doi: 10.1136/bmj.285.6342.589. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- ten Dam H. G., Hitze K. L. Does BCG vaccination protect the newborn and young infants? Bull World Health Organ. 1980;58(1):37–41. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]