Abstract
Electrocardiogram, heart rate, blood pressure, and pattern of respiration were recorded continuously in 8 newborn babies having apnoeic attacks. Apnoeic attacks usually occurred without any premonitory changes in respiration, heart rate, or blood pressure. The heart rate usually fell during an apneoic attack and did so after the onset of apnoea. The pulse pressure most commonly rose as the heart rate fell. If the pulse pressure did not rise as the heart rate fell, major resuscitative procedures were often required. A fall in pulse pressure during apnoeic attacks was only seen in severely ill babies and usually only shortly before they died.
It is suggested that the fall in heart rate during apnoea is the direct effect of hypoxia on the heart or a chemoreceptor reflex, and that the rise in pulse pressure is the result of increased filling volume in accordance with Starling's Law.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- BORN G. V., DAWES G. S., MOTT J. C. Oxygen lack and autonomic nervous control of the foetal circulation in the lamb. J Physiol. 1956 Oct 29;134(1):149–166. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1956.sp005631. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BORN G. V., DAWES G. S., MOTT J. C. The viability of premature lambs. J Physiol. 1955 Oct 28;130(1):191–212. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1955.sp005403. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BOUTOURLINE-YOUNG H. J., SMITH C. A. Respiration of full term and of premature infants. AMA Am J Dis Child. 1950 Nov;80(5):753–766. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1950.04040020767004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- BRENTHAL T., GREENE W., Jr, REVZIN A. M. Role of carotid chemoreceptors in hypoxic cardiac acceleration. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1951 Jan;76(1):121–124. doi: 10.3181/00379727-76-18408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CASSIN S., DAWES G. S., ROSS B. B. PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW AND VASCULAR RESISTANCE IN IMMATURE FOETAL LAMBS. J Physiol. 1964 May;171:80–89. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1964.sp007362. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- CROSS K. W., MALCOLM J. L. Evidence of carotid body and sinus activity in newborn and foetal animals. J Physiol. 1952 Oct;118(2):10P–11P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DALY I. D., DALY M. D. The effects of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors on the pulmonary vascular bed in the dog: the 'vasosensory controlled perfused living animal' preparation. J Physiol. 1959 Oct;148:201–219. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006282. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DE DALY I B., DE DALY M B. The effects of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors on pulmonary vascular resistance in the dog. J Physiol. 1957 Aug 6;137(3):436–446. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1957.sp005825. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DE DALY M B., SCOTT M. J. The effect of hypoxia on the heart rate of the dog with special reference to the contribution of the carotid body chemoreceptors. J Physiol. 1959 Mar 3;145(2):440–446. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1959.sp006152. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DE DALY M. B., SCOTT M. J. The effects of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors on heart rate in the dog. J Physiol. 1958 Nov 10;144(1):148–166. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1958.sp006092. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Daily W. J., Klaus M., Meyer H. B. Apnea in premature infants: monitoring, incidence, heart rate changes, and an effect of environmental temperature. Pediatrics. 1969 Apr;43(4):510–518. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- MOSS A. J., DUFFIE E. R., Jr, EMMANOUILIDES G. BLOOD PRESSURE AND VASOMOTOR REFLEXES IN THE NEWBORN INFANT. Pediatrics. 1963 Aug;32:175–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- PHILLIPS S. J., AGATE F. J., Jr, SILVERMAN W. A., STEINER P. AUTONOMIC CARDIAC REACTIVITY IN PREMATURE INFANTS. Biol Neonat. 1964;6:225–249. doi: 10.1159/000239898. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Purves M. J., Biscoe T. J. Development of chemoreceptor activity. Br Med Bull. 1966 Jan;22(1):56–60. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070438. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]