Skip to main content
PMC home page
American Journal of Human Genetics logoLink to American Journal of Human Genetics
. 1991 Sep;49(3):555–565.

Isolation and characterization of the CRIPTO autosomal gene and its X-linked related sequence.

R Dono 1, N Montuori 1, M Rocchi 1, L De Ponti-Zilli 1, A Ciccodicola 1, M G Persico 1
PMCID: PMC1683146  PMID: 1882841

Abstract

We have previously reported on the identification of a cDNA clone encoding a novel human growth factor, named "CRIPTO," that is abundantly expressed in undifferentiated human NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) and mouse (F9) teratocarcinoma cells. We now report the organization and nucleotide sequence of two related genomic sequences. One (CR-1) corresponds to the structural gene encoding the human CRIPTO protein expressed in the undifferentiated human teratocarcinoma cells, and the other (CR-3) corresponds to a complete copy of the mRNA containing seven base substitutions in the coding region representing both silent and replacement substitutions. The 440 bp 5' to the CAP site of CR-1 are preserved in CR-3. CR-1 maps to chromosome 3, and CR-3 maps to Xq21-q22. Southern blot analysis reveals that multiple CRIPTO-related DNA sequences are present in the human as well as in the mouse genome.

Full text

PDF
557

Images in this article

561p[561]-a
on p.561
557Figure 1
on p.557
563Figure 5
on p.563

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andrews P. W., Damjanov I., Simon D., Banting G. S., Carlin C., Dracopoli N. C., Føgh J. Pluripotent embryonal carcinoma clones derived from the human teratocarcinoma cell line Tera-2. Differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Lab Invest. 1984 Feb;50(2):147–162. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benoist C., Chambon P. In vivo sequence requirements of the SV40 early promotor region. Nature. 1981 Mar 26;290(5804):304–310. doi: 10.1038/290304a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Boer P. H., Adra C. N., Lau Y. F., McBurney M. W. The testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase gene pgk-2 is a recruited retroposon. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Sep;7(9):3107–3112. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.9.3107. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Ciccodicola A., Dono R., Obici S., Simeone A., Zollo M., Persico M. G. Molecular characterization of a gene of the 'EGF family' expressed in undifferentiated human NTERA2 teratocarcinoma cells. EMBO J. 1989 Jul;8(7):1987–1991. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03605.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Clark B. D., Collins K. L., Gandy M. S., Webb A. C., Auron P. E. Genomic sequence for human prointerleukin 1 beta: possible evolution from a reverse transcribed prointerleukin 1 alpha gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986 Oct 24;14(20):7897–7914. doi: 10.1093/nar/14.20.7897. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Davidson R. L., Gerald P. S. Improved techniques for the induction of mammalian cell hybridization by polyethylene glycol. Somatic Cell Genet. 1976 Mar;2(2):165–176. doi: 10.1007/BF01542629. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Derynck R., Roberts A. B., Winkler M. E., Chen E. Y., Goeddel D. V. Human transforming growth factor-alpha: precursor structure and expression in E. coli. Cell. 1984 Aug;38(1):287–297. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90550-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Deuel T. F. Polypeptide growth factors: roles in normal and abnormal cell growth. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1987;3:443–492. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.03.110187.002303. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Evans T., Schon E., Gora-Maslak G., Patterson J., Efstratiadis A. S1-hypersensitive sites in eukaryotic promoter regions. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Nov 12;12(21):8043–8058. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.21.8043. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Greenwald I. lin-12, a nematode homeotic gene, is homologous to a set of mammalian proteins that includes epidermal growth factor. Cell. 1985 Dec;43(3 Pt 2):583–590. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90230-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Grunstein M., Hogness D. S. Colony hybridization: a method for the isolation of cloned DNAs that contain a specific gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Oct;72(10):3961–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.10.3961. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hattori M., Hidaka S., Sakaki Y. Sequence analysis of a KpnI family member near the 3' end of human beta-globin gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Nov 11;13(21):7813–7827. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.21.7813. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Kidd S., Kelley M. R., Young M. W. Sequence of the notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster: relationship of the encoded protein to mammalian clotting and growth factors. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Sep;6(9):3094–3108. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.9.3094. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. McCarrey J. R., Thomas K. Human testis-specific PGK gene lacks introns and possesses characteristics of a processed gene. Nature. 1987 Apr 2;326(6112):501–505. doi: 10.1038/326501a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mercola M., Stiles C. D. Growth factor superfamilies and mammalian embryogenesis. Development. 1988 Mar;102(3):451–460. doi: 10.1242/dev.102.3.451. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Mount S. M. A catalogue of splice junction sequences. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Jan 22;10(2):459–472. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.2.459. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Plowman G. D., Green J. M., McDonald V. L., Neubauer M. G., Disteche C. M., Todaro G. J., Shoyab M. The amphiregulin gene encodes a novel epidermal growth factor-related protein with tumor-inhibitory activity. Mol Cell Biol. 1990 May;10(5):1969–1981. doi: 10.1128/mcb.10.5.1969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Poustka A., Rackwitz H. R., Frischauf A. M., Hohn B., Lehrach H. Selective isolation of cosmid clones by homologous recombination in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(13):4129–4133. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.13.4129. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Rigby P. W., Dieckmann M., Rhodes C., Berg P. Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol. 1977 Jun 15;113(1):237–251. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90052-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rocchi M., Roncuzzi L., Santamaria R., Archidiacono N., Dente L., Romeo G. Mapping through somatic cell hybrids and cDNA probes of protein C to chromosome 2, factor X to chromosome 13, and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein to chromosome 9. Hum Genet. 1986 Sep;74(1):30–33. doi: 10.1007/BF00278781. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Savage C. R., Jr, Inagami T., Cohen S. The primary structure of epidermal growth factor. J Biol Chem. 1972 Dec 10;247(23):7612–7621. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Soares M. B., Schon E., Henderson A., Karathanasis S. K., Cate R., Zeitlin S., Chirgwin J., Efstratiadis A. RNA-mediated gene duplication: the rat preproinsulin I gene is a functional retroposon. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;5(8):2090–2103. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.8.2090. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Sporn M. B., Roberts A. B. Peptide growth factors are multifunctional. Nature. 1988 Mar 17;332(6161):217–219. doi: 10.1038/332217a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Südhof T. C., Goldstein J. L., Brown M. S., Russell D. W. The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):815–822. doi: 10.1126/science.2988123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Südhof T. C., Russell D. W., Goldstein J. L., Brown M. S., Sanchez-Pescador R., Bell G. I. Cassette of eight exons shared by genes for LDL receptor and EGF precursor. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):893–895. doi: 10.1126/science.3873704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Weiner A. M., Deininger P. L., Efstratiadis A. Nonviral retroposons: genes, pseudogenes, and transposable elements generated by the reverse flow of genetic information. Annu Rev Biochem. 1986;55:631–661. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.003215. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Whitman M., Melton D. A. Growth factors in early embryogenesis. Annu Rev Cell Biol. 1989;5:93–117. doi: 10.1146/annurev.cb.05.110189.000521. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Yanisch-Perron C., Vieira J., Messing J. Improved M13 phage cloning vectors and host strains: nucleotide sequences of the M13mp18 and pUC19 vectors. Gene. 1985;33(1):103–119. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(85)90120-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Yu Y. T., Manley J. L. Structure and function of the S1 nuclease-sensitive site in the adenovirus late promoter. Cell. 1986 Jun 6;45(5):743–751. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90788-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Human Genetics are provided here courtesy of American Society of Human Genetics

RESOURCES