Skip to main content
American Journal of Human Genetics logoLink to American Journal of Human Genetics
. 1988 Jul;43(1):52–59.

Assignment of the functional gene for human adrenodoxin to chromosome 11q13----qter and of adrenodoxin pseudogenes to chromosome 20cen----q13.1.

Y Morel 1, J Picado-Leonard 1, D A Wu 1, C Y Chang 1, T K Mohandas 1, B C Chung 1, W L Miller 1
PMCID: PMC1715281  PMID: 2837084

Abstract

Adrenodoxin is a small iron/sulfur protein serving as an electron-transport intermediate for all mitochondrial forms of cytochrome P450. Southern blots of normal genomic DNA cleaved with six restriction endonucleases probed with full-length human adrenodoxin cDNA revealed complex patterns indicating the presence of multiple adrenodoxin genes. Southern blots of DNA from a panel of mouse/human somatic cell hybrids identified cross-hybridizing adrenodoxin DNA in two loci, chromosome 11q13----qter and chromosome 20cen----q13.1. Examination of adrenodoxin clones from a genomic DNA library in phage lambda revealed some clones bearing gene fragments interrupted by introns and other clones bearing processed pseudogenes. By probing the mouse/human hybrids with unique intronic DNA and by correlating restriction maps of the phage clones with that of uncloned genomic DNA, we show that the authentic transcribed adrenodoxin gene lies on chromosome 11, while pseudogenes lie on chromosome 20.

Full text

PDF
59

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Chen S. A., Besman M. J., Sparkes R. S., Zollman S., Klisak I., Mohandas T., Hall P. F., Shively J. E. Human aromatase: cDNA cloning, Southern blot analysis, and assignment of the gene to chromosome 15. DNA. 1988 Jan-Feb;7(1):27–38. doi: 10.1089/dna.1988.7.27. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Chua S. C., Szabo P., Vitek A., Grzeschik K. H., John M., White P. C. Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7193–7197. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.20.7193. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Chung B. C., Matteson K. J., Miller W. L. Structure of a bovine gene for P-450c21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) defines a novel cytochrome P-450 gene family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jun;83(12):4243–4247. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.12.4243. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Chung B. C., Matteson K. J., Voutilainen R., Mohandas T. K., Miller W. L. Human cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc: cDNA cloning, assignment of the gene to chromosome 15, and expression in the placenta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):8962–8966. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.8962. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chung B. C., Picado-Leonard J., Haniu M., Bienkowski M., Hall P. F., Shively J. E., Miller W. L. Cytochrome P450c17 (steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase): cloning of human adrenal and testis cDNAs indicates the same gene is expressed in both tissues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jan;84(2):407–411. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.2.407. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Di Blasio A. M., Voutilainen R., Jaffe R. B., Miller W. L. Hormonal regulation of messenger ribonucleic acids for P450scc (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme) and P450c17 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) in cultured human fetal adrenal cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1987 Jul;65(1):170–175. doi: 10.1210/jcem-65-1-170. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Higashi Y., Yoshioka H., Yamane M., Gotoh O., Fujii-Kuriyama Y. Complete nucleotide sequence of two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes tandemly arranged in human chromosome: a pseudogene and a genuine gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(9):2841–2845. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.9.2841. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hood L., Campbell J. H., Elgin S. C. The organization, expression, and evolution of antibody genes and other multigene families. Annu Rev Genet. 1975;9:305–353. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.09.120175.001513. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lawn R. M., Fritsch E. F., Parker R. C., Blake G., Maniatis T. The isolation and characterization of linked delta- and beta-globin genes from a cloned library of human DNA. Cell. 1978 Dec;15(4):1157–1174. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90043-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Liebhaber S. A., Goossens M., Kan Y. W. Homology and concerted evolution at the alpha 1 and alpha 2 loci of human alpha-globin. Nature. 1981 Mar 5;290(5801):26–29. doi: 10.1038/290026a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Matteson K. J., Picado-Leonard J., Chung B. C., Mohandas T. K., Miller W. L. Assignment of the gene for adrenal P450c17 (steroid 17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20 lyase) to human chromosome 10. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Sep;63(3):789–791. doi: 10.1210/jcem-63-3-789. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. McBride O. W., Rajagopalan M., Hatfield D. Opal suppressor phosphoserine tRNA gene and pseudogene are located on human chromosomes 19 and 22, respectively. J Biol Chem. 1987 Aug 15;262(23):11163–11166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Miller W. L., Eberhardt N. L. Structure and evolution of the growth hormone gene family. Endocr Rev. 1983 Spring;4(2):97–130. doi: 10.1210/edrv-4-2-97. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Miller W. L., Levine L. S. Molecular and clinical advances in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Pediatr. 1987 Jul;111(1):1–17. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(87)80334-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Mohandas T., Heinzmann C., Sparkes R. S., Wasmuth J., Edwards P., Lusis A. J. Assignment of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase gene to q13----q23 region of chromosome 5. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1986 Jan;12(1):89–94. doi: 10.1007/BF01560731. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mohandas T., Sparkes R. S., Hellkuhl B., Grzeschik K. H., Shapiro L. J. Expression of an X-linked gene from an inactive human X chromosome in mouse-human hybrid cells: further evidence for the noninactivation of the steroid sulfatase locus in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6759–6763. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6759. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Mohandas T., Sparkes R. S., Sparkes M. C., Shulkin J. D., Toomey K. E., Funderburk S. J. Regional localization of human gene loci on chromosome 9: studies of somatic cell hybrids containing human translocations. Am J Hum Genet. 1979 Sep;31(5):586–600. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Mohandas T., Sparkes R. S., Suh E. J., Hershfield M. S. Regional localization of the human genes for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (cen----q131) and adenosine deaminase (q131----qter) on chromosome 20. Hum Genet. 1984;66(4):292–295. doi: 10.1007/BF00287630. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Picado-Leonard J., Voutilainen R., Kao L. C., Chung B. C., Strauss J. F., 3rd, Miller W. L. Human adrenodoxin: cloning of three cDNAs and cycloheximide enhancement in JEG-3 cells. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 5;263(7):3240–3244. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Ramesh V., Eddy R., Bruns G. A., Shih V. E., Shows T. B., Gusella J. F. Localization of the ornithine aminotransferase gene and related sequences on two human chromosomes. Hum Genet. 1987 Jun;76(2):121–126. doi: 10.1007/BF00284906. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Voutilainen R., Miller W. L. Developmental and hormonal regulation of mRNAs for insulin-like growth factor II and steroidogenic enzymes in human fetal adrenals and gonads. DNA. 1988 Jan-Feb;7(1):9–15. doi: 10.1089/dna.1988.7.9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Voutilainen R., Picado-Leonard J., DiBlasio A. M., Miller W. L. Hormonal and developmental regulation of adrenodoxin messenger ribonucleic acid in steroidogenic tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Feb;66(2):383–388. doi: 10.1210/jcem-66-2-383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Voutilainen R., Tapanainen J., Chung B. C., Matteson K. J., Miller W. L. Hormonal regulation of P450scc (20,22-desmolase) and P450c17 (17 alpha-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) in cultured human granulosa cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986 Jul;63(1):202–207. doi: 10.1210/jcem-63-1-202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Yanagibashi K., Haniu M., Shively J. E., Shen W. H., Hall P. The synthesis of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex. Two zones (fasciculata and glomerulosa) possess one enzyme for 11 beta-, 18-hydroxylation, and aldehyde synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1986 Mar 15;261(8):3556–3562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Yen P. H., Marsh B., Mohandas T. K., Shapiro L. J. Isolation of genomic clones homologous to transcribed sequences from human X chromosome. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1984 Nov;10(6):561–571. doi: 10.1007/BF01535221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from American Journal of Human Genetics are provided here courtesy of American Society of Human Genetics

RESOURCES