Skip to main content
PMC home page
Archives of Disease in Childhood logoLink to Archives of Disease in Childhood
. 1991 May;66(5):598–602. doi: 10.1136/adc.66.5.598

Changes in body composition and energy expenditure after six weeks' growth hormone treatment.

J W Gregory 1, S A Greene 1, R T Jung 1, C M Scrimgeour 1, M J Rennie 1
PMCID: PMC1792961  PMID: 2039249

Abstract

Changes in body composition and energy expenditure were assessed in 15 children after six weeks of human growth hormone (hGH) treatment. Body composition measurements were made by stable isotope labelled water (H2(18)O) dilution, bioelectrical impedance, and skinfold thickness techniques. Energy expenditure was assessed both by indirect ventilated hood calorimetry (resting energy expenditure) and the stable isotope doubly labelled water (2H2(18)O) technique (free living daily total energy expenditure). Mean increases in weight of 0.96 kg and fat free mass of 1.37 kg and a mean decrease in fat mass of 0.41 kg were observed. Significant increases both in resting energy expenditure and free living daily energy expenditure were detected. Absolute changes in fat mass and resting energy expenditure were correlated. The data suggest (i) that the increase in the fat free mass is the most significant early clinical measure of hGH response and (ii) that hGH increases the metabolic activity of the fat free mass. Monitoring such changes may be predictive of the efficacy of hGH in promoting growth.

Full text

PDF
601

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Black A. E., Prentice A. M., Coward W. A. Use of food quotients to predict respiratory quotients for the doubly-labelled water method of measuring energy expenditure. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1986 Sep;40(5):381–391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Brook C. G. Determination of body composition of children from skinfold measurements. Arch Dis Child. 1971 Apr;46(246):182–184. doi: 10.1136/adc.46.246.182. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Clayton B. E., Tanner J. M., Vince F. P. Diagnostic and prognostic value of short-term metabolic response to human growth hormone in short stature. Arch Dis Child. 1971 Aug;46(248):405–413. doi: 10.1136/adc.46.248.405. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Collipp P. J., Thomas J., Curti V., Sharma R. K., Maddaiah V. T., Cohn S. E. Body composition changes in children receiving human growth hormone. Metabolism. 1973 Apr;22(4):589–595. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(73)90072-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dahms W. T., Owens R. P., Kalhan S. C., Kerr D. S., Danish R. K. Urea synthesis, nitrogen balance, and glucose turnover in growth-hormone-deficient children before and after growth hormone administration. Metabolism. 1989 Mar;38(3):197–203. doi: 10.1016/0026-0495(89)90075-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Davies P. S., Preece M. A., Hicks C. J., Halliday D. The prediction of total body water using bioelectrical impedance in children and adolescents. Ann Hum Biol. 1988 May-Jun;15(3):237–240. doi: 10.1080/03014468800009681. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Durnin J. V., Rahaman M. M. The assessment of the amount of fat in the human body from measurements of skinfold thickness. Br J Nutr. 1967 Aug;21(3):681–689. doi: 10.1079/bjn19670070. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gregory J. W., Greene S. A., Scrimgeour C. M., Rennie M. J. Body water measurement in growth disorders: a comparison of bioelectrical impedance and skinfold thickness techniques with isotope dilution. Arch Dis Child. 1991 Feb;66(2):220–222. doi: 10.1136/adc.66.2.220. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. HENNEMAN D. H., HENNEMAN P. H. Effects of human growth hormone on levels of blood urinary carbohydrate and fat metabolites in man. J Clin Invest. 1960 Aug;39:1239–1245. doi: 10.1172/JCI104139. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Klein P. D., James W. P., Wong W. W., Irving C. S., Murgatroyd P. R., Cabrera M., Dallosso H. M., Klein E. R., Nichols B. L. Calorimetric validation of the doubly-labelled water method for determination of energy expenditure in man. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1984 Mar;38(2):95–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. LIFSON N., GORDON G. B., McCLINTOCK R. Measurement of total carbon dioxide production by means of D2O18. J Appl Physiol. 1955 May;7(6):704–710. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1955.7.6.704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Prader A., Zachmann M., Poley J. R., Illig R. The metabolic effect of a small uniform dose of human growth hormone in hypopituitary dwarfs and in control children. I. Nitrogen, alpha-amino-N, creatine-creatinine and calcium excretion and serum urea-N, alpha-amino-N, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1968 Jan;57(1):115–128. doi: 10.1530/acta.0.0570115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Prentice A. M., Coward W. A., Davies H. L., Murgatroyd P. R., Black A. E., Goldberg G. R., Ashford J., Sawyer M., Whitehead R. G. Unexpectedly low levels of energy expenditure in healthy women. Lancet. 1985 Jun 22;1(8443):1419–1422. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(85)91846-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. RABEN M. S. Treatment of a pituitary dwarf with human growth hormone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1958 Aug;18(8):901–903. doi: 10.1210/jcem-18-8-901. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Roberts S. B., Coward W. A., Schlingenseipen K. H., Nohria V., Lucas A. Comparison of the doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method with indirect calorimetry and a nutrient-balance study for simultaneous determination of energy expenditure, water intake, and metabolizable energy intake in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986 Sep;44(3):315–322. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/44.3.315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rudman D., Kutner M. H., Fleming G. A., Harris R. C., Kennedy E. E., Bethel R. A., Priest J. H. Effect of 10-day courses of human growth hormone on height of short children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1978 Jan;46(1):28–35. doi: 10.1210/jcem-46-1-28. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Salomon F., Cuneo R. C., Hesp R., Sönksen P. H. The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1989 Dec 28;321(26):1797–1803. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198912283212605. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schoeller D. A., Levitsky L. L., Bandini L. G., Dietz W. W., Walczak A. Energy expenditure and body composition in Prader-Willi syndrome. Metabolism. 1988 Feb;37(2):115–120. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(98)90003-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schoeller D. A., van Santen E. Measurement of energy expenditure in humans by doubly labeled water method. J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1982 Oct;53(4):955–959. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1982.53.4.955. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Schoeller D. A., van Santen E., Peterson D. W., Dietz W., Jaspan J., Klein P. D. Total body water measurement in humans with 18O and 2H labeled water. Am J Clin Nutr. 1980 Dec;33(12):2686–2693. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/33.12.2686. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Scrimgeour C. M., Rennie M. J. Automated measurement of the concentration and 13C enrichment of carbon dioxide in breath and blood samples using the Finnigan MAT Breath Gas Analysis System. Biomed Environ Mass Spectrom. 1988 Apr 1;15(7):365–367. doi: 10.1002/bms.1200150703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Sims E. A., Danforth E., Jr Expenditure and storage of energy in man. J Clin Invest. 1987 Apr;79(4):1019–1025. doi: 10.1172/JCI112913. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Tanner J. M., Whitehouse R. H., Takaishi M. Standards from birth to maturity for height, weight, height velocity, and weight velocity: British children, 1965. II. Arch Dis Child. 1966 Dec;41(220):613–635. doi: 10.1136/adc.41.220.613. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. WRIGHT J. C., BRASEL J. A., ACETO T., Jr, FINKELSTEIN J. W., KENNY F. M., SPAULDING J. S., BLIZZARD R. M. STUDIES WITH HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE (HGH). Am J Med. 1965 Apr;38:499–516. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(65)90128-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Wong W. W., Lee L. S., Klein P. D. Deuterium and oxygen-18 measurements on microliter samples of urine, plasma, saliva, and human milk. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987 May;45(5):905–913. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/45.5.905. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Archives of Disease in Childhood are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES