Abstract
The expression of the flagellar master operon, flhDC, peaked in the middle of three consecutive cell cycles. The level of expression was lowest at the time of cell division. The expression of the second-level operon, flhB, peaked at cell division. The swimming speed of individual cells was also highest at the time of cell division.
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (123.6 KB).
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Amsler C. D., Cho M., Matsumura P. Multiple factors underlying the maximum motility of Escherichia coli as cultures enter post-exponential growth. J Bacteriol. 1993 Oct;175(19):6238–6244. doi: 10.1128/jb.175.19.6238-6244.1993. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bartlett D. H., Frantz B. B., Matsumura P. Flagellar transcriptional activators FlbB and FlaI: gene sequences and 5' consensus sequences of operons under FlbB and FlaI control. J Bacteriol. 1988 Apr;170(4):1575–1581. doi: 10.1128/jb.170.4.1575-1581.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bryan R., Glaser D., Shapiro L. Genetic regulatory hierarchy in Caulobacter development. Adv Genet. 1990;27:1–31. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60022-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Eberl L., Christiansen G., Molin S., Givskov M. Differentiation of Serratia liquefaciens into swarm cells is controlled by the expression of the flhD master operon. J Bacteriol. 1996 Jan;178(2):554–559. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.2.554-559.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Givskov M., Eberl L., Christiansen G., Benedik M. J., Molin S. Induction of phospholipase- and flagellar synthesis in Serratia liquefaciens is controlled by expression of the flagellar master operon flhD. Mol Microbiol. 1995 Feb;15(3):445–454. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02258.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Helmstetter C. E., Eenhuis C., Theisen P., Grimwade J., Leonard A. C. Improved bacterial baby machine: application to Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol. 1992 Jun;174(11):3445–3449. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.11.3445-3449.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Komeda Y. Fusions of flagellar operons to lactose genes on a mu lac bacteriophage. J Bacteriol. 1982 Apr;150(1):16–26. doi: 10.1128/jb.150.1.16-26.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Nishimura A., Hirota Y. A cell division regulatory mechanism controls the flagellar regulon in Escherichia coli. Mol Gen Genet. 1989 Apr;216(2-3):340–346. doi: 10.1007/BF00334374. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prüss B. M., Markovic D., Matsumura P. The Escherichia coli flagellar transcriptional activator flhD regulates cell division through induction of the acid response gene cadA. J Bacteriol. 1997 Jun;179(11):3818–3821. doi: 10.1128/jb.179.11.3818-3821.1997. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prüss B. M., Matsumura P. A regulator of the flagellar regulon of Escherichia coli, flhD, also affects cell division. J Bacteriol. 1996 Feb;178(3):668–674. doi: 10.1128/jb.178.3.668-674.1996. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Prüss B. M., Wolfe A. J. Regulation of acetyl phosphate synthesis and degradation, and the control of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol. 1994 Jun;12(6):973–984. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01085.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shi W., Zhou Y., Wild J., Adler J., Gross C. A. DnaK, DnaJ, and GrpE are required for flagellum synthesis in Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol. 1992 Oct;174(19):6256–6263. doi: 10.1128/jb.174.19.6256-6263.1992. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shin S., Park C. Modulation of flagellar expression in Escherichia coli by acetyl phosphate and the osmoregulator OmpR. J Bacteriol. 1995 Aug;177(16):4696–4702. doi: 10.1128/jb.177.16.4696-4702.1995. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Silverman M., Simon M. Characterization of Escherichia coli flagellar mutants that are insensitive to catabolite repression. J Bacteriol. 1974 Dec;120(3):1196–1203. doi: 10.1128/jb.120.3.1196-1203.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]