Skip to main content
PMC home page
Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine logoLink to Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
. 1989 Dec;65(10):1127–1160.

Predicting adult cholesterol levels from measurements in childhood and adolescence: the Muscatine Study.

R M Lauer 1, J Lee 1, W R Clarke 1
PMCID: PMC1807893  PMID: 2629967

Abstract

2,446 subjects initially examined at ages eight to 18 years were reexamined as young adults at ages 20-25 years or 26-30 years. Measurements of cholesterol, height, weight, and triceps skinfold thickness were obtained during childhood. Lipids, lipoprotein fractions, family history as well as medication, alcohol, and tobacco use were determined during the adult examination. Elevated levels of cholesterol during childhood were associated with elevation in adult life. On average, of children found to have cholesterol levels greater than or equal to the 90th percentile for their age and gender, on a single measurement 43% remained above the 90th percentile, 62% remained above the 75th percentile, and 81% remained above the 50th percentile. Obesity acquired in adolescence and the young adult years, oral contraceptive use, and cigarette smoking had deleterious effects upon adult cholesterol levels and lipoprotein fractions.

Full text

PDF
1131

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Clark D. A., Allen M. F., Wilson F. H., Jr Longitudinal study of serum lipids. 12-year report. Am J Clin Nutr. 1967 Jul;20(7):743–752. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/20.7.743. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Clarke W. R., Schrott H. G., Leaverton P. E., Connor W. E., Lauer R. M. Tracking of blood lipids and blood pressures in school age children: the Muscatine study. Circulation. 1978 Oct;58(4):626–634. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.58.4.626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Consensus conference. Lowering blood cholesterol to prevent heart disease. JAMA. 1985 Apr 12;253(14):2080–2086. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dannel W. B. The role of cholesterol in coronary atherogenesis. Med Clin North Am. 1974 Mar;58(2):363–379. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Freedman D. S., Shear C. L., Srinivasan S. R., Webber L. S., Berenson G. S. Tracking of serum lipids and lipoproteins in children over an 8-year period: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Prev Med. 1985 Mar;14(2):203–216. doi: 10.1016/0091-7435(85)90036-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Frerichs R. R., Webber L. S., Voors A. W., Srinivasan S. R., Berenson G. S. Cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in children at two successive years--the Bogalusa heart study. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(3):251–262. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(79)90071-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Johnson A. L., Cornoni J. C., Cassel J. C., Tyroler H. A., Heyden S., Hames C. G. Influence of race, sex and weight on blood pressure behavior in young adults. Am J Cardiol. 1975 Apr;35(4):523–530. doi: 10.1016/0002-9149(75)90835-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Kannel W. B., Castelli W. P., Gordon T., McNamara P. M. Serum cholesterol, lipoproteins, and the risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Ann Intern Med. 1971 Jan;74(1):1–12. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-74-1-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Keys A., Aravanis C., Blackburn H., Van Buchem F. S., Buzina R., Djordjevic B. S., Fidanza F., Karvonen M. J., Menotti A., Puddu V. Probability of middle-aged men developing coronary heart disease in five years. Circulation. 1972 Apr;45(4):815–828. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.45.4.815. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Keys A., Taylor H. L., Blackburn H., Brozek J., Anderson J. T., Simonson E. Mortality and coronary heart disease among men studied for 23 years. Arch Intern Med. 1971 Aug;128(2):201–214. doi: 10.1001/archinte.1971.00310200037002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Knuiman J. T., Hermus R. J., Hautvast J. G. Serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations in rural and urban boys from 16 countries. Atherosclerosis. 1980 Aug;36(4):529–537. doi: 10.1016/0021-9150(80)90245-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Laskarzewski P., Morrison J. A., deGroot I., Kelly K. A., Mellies M. J., Khoury P., Glueck C. J. Lipid and lipoprotein tracking in 108 children over a four-year period. Pediatrics. 1979 Nov;64(5):584–591. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lee J., Lauer R. M., Clarke W. R. Lipoproteins in the progeny of young men with coronary artery disease: children with increased risk. Pediatrics. 1986 Aug;78(2):330–337. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Newman W. P., 3rd, Freedman D. S., Voors A. W., Gard P. D., Srinivasan S. R., Cresanta J. L., Williamson G. D., Webber L. S., Berenson G. S. Relation of serum lipoprotein levels and systolic blood pressure to early atherosclerosis. The Bogalusa Heart Study. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jan 16;314(3):138–144. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198601163140302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Orchard T. J., Donahue R. P., Kuller L. H., Hodge P. N., Drash A. L. Cholesterol screening in childhood: does it predict adult hypercholesterolemia? The Beaver County experience. J Pediatr. 1983 Nov;103(5):687–691. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(83)80458-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. PAUL O., LEPPER M. H., PHELAN W. H., DUPERTUIS G. W., MACMILLAN A., McKEAN H., PARK H. A longitudinal study of coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1963 Jul;28:20–31. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.28.1.20. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schrott H. G., Clarke W. R., Wiebe D. A., Connor W. E., Lauer R. M. Increased coronary mortality in relatives of hypercholesterolemic school children: the Muscatine study. Circulation. 1979 Feb;59(2):320–326. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.59.2.320. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. The coronary primary prevention trial: design and implementation: the Lipid Research Clinics Program. J Chronic Dis. 1979;32(9-10):609–631. doi: 10.1016/0021-9681(79)90092-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Vessey M. P., McPherson K., Johnson B. Mortality among women participating in the Oxford/Family Planning Association contraceptive study. Lancet. 1977 Oct 8;2(8041):731–733. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(77)90236-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Wallace R. B., Tamir I., Heiss G., Rifkind B. M., Christensen B., Glueck C. J. Plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and blood pressure in female adolescents using oral contraceptives. J Pediatr. 1979 Dec;95(6):1055–1059. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(79)80311-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Weil W. B., Jr Current controversies in childhood obesity. J Pediatr. 1977 Aug;91(2):175–187. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3476(77)80809-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine are provided here courtesy of New York Academy of Medicine

RESOURCES