Skip to main content
PMC home page
The American Journal of Pathology logoLink to The American Journal of Pathology
. 1997 Mar;150(3):779–785.

Parathyroid-hormone-related peptides. A new class of multifunctional proteins.

T Roskams 1, V Desmet 1
PMCID: PMC1857871  PMID: 9060815

Full text

PDF
783

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abdeen O., Pandol S. J., Burton D. W., Deftos L. J. Parathyroid hormone-related protein expression in human gastric adenocarcinomas not associated with hypercalcemia. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995 Oct;90(10):1864–1867. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Abou-Samra A. B., Jüppner H., Kong X. F., Schipani E., Iida-Klein A., Karga H., Urena P., Gardella T. F., Potts J. T., Jr, Kronenberg H. M. Structure, function, and expression of the receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Adv Nephrol Necker Hosp. 1994;23:247–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Adachi N., Yamaguchi K., Miyake Y., Honda S., Nagasaki K., Akiyama Y., Adachi I., Abe K. Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a possible autocrine growth inhibitor for lymphocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Feb 14;166(3):1088–1094. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90978-v. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Allinson E. T., Drucker D. J. Parathyroid hormone-like peptide shares features with members of the early response gene family: rapid induction by serum, growth factors, and cycloheximide. Cancer Res. 1992 Jun 1;52(11):3103–3109. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Amizuka N., Warshawsky H., Henderson J. E., Goltzman D., Karaplis A. C. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide-depleted mice show abnormal epiphyseal cartilage development and altered endochondral bone formation. J Cell Biol. 1994 Sep;126(6):1611–1623. doi: 10.1083/jcb.126.6.1611. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Asa S. L., Henderson J., Goltzman D., Drucker D. J. Parathyroid hormone-like peptide in normal and neoplastic human endocrine tissues. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1990 Nov;71(5):1112–1118. doi: 10.1210/jcem-71-5-1112. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Birch M. A., Carron J. A., Scott M., Fraser W. D., Gallagher J. A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein (PTHrP) receptor expression and mitogenic responses in human breast cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer. 1995 Jul;72(1):90–95. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1995.282. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Brandt D. W., Burton D. W., Gazdar A. F., Oie H. E., Deftos L. J. All major lung cancer cell types produce parathyroid hormone-like protein: heterogeneity assessed by high performance liquid chromatography. Endocrinology. 1991 Nov;129(5):2466–2470. doi: 10.1210/endo-129-5-2466. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Brandt D. W., Pandol S. J., Deftos L. J. Calcium-stimulated parathyroid hormone-like protein secretion: potentiation through a protein kinase-C pathway. Endocrinology. 1991 Jun;128(6):2999–3004. doi: 10.1210/endo-128-6-2999. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Bruns M. E., Ferguson J. E., 2nd, Bruns D. E., Burton D. W., Brandt D. W., Jüppner H., Segre G. V., Deftos L. J. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in human amnion and chorion-decidua: implications for secretion and function. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Sep;173(3 Pt 1):739–746. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90333-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Burtis W. J., Brady T. G., Orloff J. J., Ersbak J. B., Warrell R. P., Jr, Olson B. R., Wu T. L., Mitnick M. E., Broadus A. E., Stewart A. F. Immunochemical characterization of circulating parathyroid hormone-related protein in patients with humoral hypercalcemia of cancer. N Engl J Med. 1990 Apr 19;322(16):1106–1112. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199004193221603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Burtis W. J., Wu T., Bunch C., Wysolmerski J. J., Insogna K. L., Weir E. C., Broadus A. E., Stewart A. F. Identification of a novel 17,000-dalton parathyroid hormone-like adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein from a tumor associated with humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy. J Biol Chem. 1987 May 25;262(15):7151–7156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Burton P. B., Moniz C., Knight D. E. Parathyroid hormone related peptide can function as an autocrine growth factor in human renal cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Mar 30;167(3):1134–1138. doi: 10.1016/0006-291x(90)90641-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Burton P. B., Moniz C., Quirke P., Malik A., Bui T. D., Juppner H., Segre G. V., Knight D. E. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide: expression in fetal and neonatal development. J Pathol. 1992 Jul;167(3):291–296. doi: 10.1002/path.1711670306. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Campos R. V., Asa S. L., Drucker D. J. Immunocytochemical localization of parathyroid hormone-like peptide in the rat fetus. Cancer Res. 1991 Dec 1;51(23 Pt 1):6351–6357. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Campos R. V., Zhang L., Drucker D. J. Differential expression of RNA transcripts encoding unique carboxy-terminal sequences of human parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Mol Endocrinol. 1994 Dec;8(12):1656–1666. doi: 10.1210/mend.8.12.7708054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Care A. D., Abbas S. K., Pickard D. W., Barri M., Drinkhill M., Findlay J. B., White I. R., Caple I. W. Stimulation of ovine placental transport of calcium and magnesium by mid-molecule fragments of human parathyroid hormone-related protein. Exp Physiol. 1990 Jul;75(4):605–608. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1990.sp003437. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Centrella M., Canalis E., McCarthy T. L., Stewart A. F., Orloff J. J., Insogna K. L. Parathyroid hormone-related protein modulates the effect of transforming growth factor-beta on deoxyribonucleic acid and collagen synthesis in fetal rat bone cells. Endocrinology. 1989 Jul;125(1):199–208. doi: 10.1210/endo-125-1-199. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Chan S. D., Strewler G. J., King K. L., Nissenson R. A. Expression of a parathyroid hormone-like protein and its receptor during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Apr;4(4):638–646. doi: 10.1210/mend-4-4-638. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Danks J. A., Ebeling P. R., Hayman J., Chou S. T., Moseley J. M., Dunlop J., Kemp B. E., Martin T. J. Parathyroid hormone-related protein: immunohistochemical localization in cancers and in normal skin. J Bone Miner Res. 1989 Apr;4(2):273–278. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650040221. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Deftos L. J., Burton D. W., Brandt D. W. Parathyroid hormone-like protein is a secretory product of atrial myocytes. J Clin Invest. 1993 Aug;92(2):727–735. doi: 10.1172/JCI116643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Deftos L. J., Gazdar A. F., Ikeda K., Broadus A. E. The parathyroid hormone-related protein associated with malignancy is secreted by neuroendocrine tumors. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Mar;3(3):503–508. doi: 10.1210/mend-3-3-503. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Drucker D. J., Asa S. L., Henderson J., Goltzman D. The parathyroid hormone-like peptide gene is expressed in the normal and neoplastic human endocrine pancreas. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Oct;3(10):1589–1595. doi: 10.1210/mend-3-10-1589. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Fenton A. J., Kemp B. E., Kent G. N., Moseley J. M., Zheng M. H., Rowe D. J., Britto J. M., Martin T. J., Nicholson G. C. A carboxyl-terminal peptide from the parathyroid hormone-related protein inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. Endocrinology. 1991 Oct;129(4):1762–1768. doi: 10.1210/endo-129-4-1762. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Ferguson J. E., 2nd, Gorman J. V., Bruns D. E., Weir E. C., Burtis W. J., Martin T. J., Bruns M. E. Abundant expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in human amnion and its association with labor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 1;89(17):8384–8388. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.17.8384. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Ferguson J. E., 2nd, Seaner R. M., Bruns D. E., Bruns M. E. Interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-4 increase parathyroid hormone-related protein secretion by human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Aug;173(2):448–456. doi: 10.1016/0002-9378(95)90265-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Fraser R. A., Zajac J. D., Harvey S. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene in the rat hypothalamus. Comp Biochem Physiol B. 1993 Nov;106(3):647–650. doi: 10.1016/0305-0491(93)90143-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Grill V., Hillary J., Ho P. M., Law F. M., MacIsaac R. J., MacIsaac I. A., Moseley J. M., Martin T. J. Parathyroid hormone-related protein: a possible endocrine function in lactation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1992 Nov;37(5):405–410. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02350.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Hayman J. A., Danks J. A., Ebeling P. R., Moseley J. M., Kemp B. E., Martin T. J. Expression of parathyroid hormone related protein in normal skin and in tumours of skin and skin appendages. J Pathol. 1989 Aug;158(4):293–296. doi: 10.1002/path.1711580405. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Henderson J. E., Amizuka N., Warshawsky H., Biasotto D., Lanske B. M., Goltzman D., Karaplis A. C. Nucleolar localization of parathyroid hormone-related peptide enhances survival of chondrocytes under conditions that promote apoptotic cell death. Mol Cell Biol. 1995 Aug;15(8):4064–4075. doi: 10.1128/mcb.15.8.4064. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Hongo T., Kupfer J., Enomoto H., Sharifi B., Giannella-Neto D., Forrester J. S., Singer F. R., Goltzman D., Hendy G. N., Pirola C. Abundant expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells accompanies serum-induced proliferation. J Clin Invest. 1991 Dec;88(6):1841–1847. doi: 10.1172/JCI115505. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Ikeda K., Lu C., Weir E. C., Mangin M., Broadus A. E. Regulation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene expression by cycloheximide. J Biol Chem. 1990 Apr 5;265(10):5398–5402. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Ikeda K., Weir E. C., Mangin M., Dannies P. S., Kinder B., Deftos L. J., Brown E. M., Broadus A. E. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding a parathyroid hormone-like peptide in normal human and animal tissues with abnormal expression in human parathyroid adenomas. Mol Endocrinol. 1988 Dec;2(12):1230–1236. doi: 10.1210/mend-2-12-1230. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Insogna K. L., Stewart A. F., Morris C. A., Hough L. M., Milstone L. M., Centrella M. Native and a synthetic analogue of the malignancy-associated parathyroid hormone-like protein have in vitro transforming growth factor-like properties. J Clin Invest. 1989 Mar;83(3):1057–1060. doi: 10.1172/JCI113947. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Jiang B., Morimoto S., Fukuo K., Yasuda O., Chen S., Ogihara T. Role of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1995;21(1-3):157–160. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Jüppner H. Molecular cloning and characterization of a parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor: a member of an ancient family of G protein-coupled receptors. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1994 Jul;3(4):371–378. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Kaiser S. M., Laneuville P., Bernier S. M., Rhim J. S., Kremer R., Goltzman D. Enhanced growth of a human keratinocyte cell line induced by antisense RNA for parathyroid hormone-related peptide. J Biol Chem. 1992 Jul 5;267(19):13623–13628. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Karaplis A. C., Luz A., Glowacki J., Bronson R. T., Tybulewicz V. L., Kronenberg H. M., Mulligan R. C. Lethal skeletal dysplasia from targeted disruption of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene. Genes Dev. 1994 Feb 1;8(3):277–289. doi: 10.1101/gad.8.3.277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Karaplis A. C., Yasuda T., Hendy G. N., Goltzman D., Banville D. Gene-encoding parathyroid hormone-like peptide: nucleotide sequence of the rat gene and comparison with the human homologue. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Mar;4(3):441–446. doi: 10.1210/mend-4-3-441. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Kelly R. B. Pathways of protein secretion in eukaryotes. Science. 1985 Oct 4;230(4721):25–32. doi: 10.1126/science.2994224. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Koldovský O. Hormonally active peptides in human milk. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Sep;402:89–93. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13368.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Kong X. F., Schipani E., Lanske B., Joun H., Karperien M., Defize L. H., Jüppner H., Potts J. T., Jr, Segre G. V., Kronenberg H. M. The rat, mouse, and human genes encoding the receptor for parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide are highly homologous. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jun 15;201(2):1058–1058. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1811. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Kramer S., Reynolds F. H., Jr, Castillo M., Valenzuela D. M., Thorikay M., Sorvillo J. M. Immunological identification and distribution of parathyroid hormone-like protein polypeptides in normal and malignant tissues. Endocrinology. 1991 Apr;128(4):1927–1937. doi: 10.1210/endo-128-4-1927. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Kremer R., Karaplis A. C., Henderson J., Gulliver W., Banville D., Hendy G. N., Goltzman D. Regulation of parathyroid hormone-like peptide in cultured normal human keratinocytes. Effect of growth factors and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on gene expression and secretion. J Clin Invest. 1991 Mar;87(3):884–893. doi: 10.1172/JCI115094. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Lee K., Deeds J. D., Segre G. V. Expression of parathyroid hormone-related peptide and its receptor messenger ribonucleic acids during fetal development of rats. Endocrinology. 1995 Feb;136(2):453–463. doi: 10.1210/endo.136.2.7835276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Liapis H., Crouch E. C., Roby J., Rader J. S. In situ localization of parathyroid hormone-like protein and mRNA in intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Hum Pathol. 1993 Oct;24(10):1058–1066. doi: 10.1016/0046-8177(93)90184-i. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Löwik C. W., Hoekman K., Offringa R., Groot C. G., Hendy G. N., Papapoulos S. E., Ponec M. Regulation of parathyroid hormonelike protein production in cultured normal and malignant keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Feb;98(2):198–203. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12555864. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Mangin M., Ikeda K., Broadus A. E. Structure of the mouse gene encoding parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Gene. 1990 Nov 15;95(2):195–202. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(90)90362-u. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Martin T. J. Properties of parathyroid hormone-related protein and its role in malignant hypercalcaemia. Q J Med. 1990 Aug;76(280):771–786. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Matsushita H., Usui M., Hara M., Shishiba Y., Nakazawa H., Honda K., Torigoe K., Kohno K., Kurimoto M. Co-secretion of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid-hormone-related protein via a regulated pathway in human parathyroid adenoma cells. Am J Pathol. 1997 Mar;150(3):861–871. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. McCuaig K. A., Clarke J. C., White J. H. Molecular cloning of the gene encoding the mouse parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 May 24;91(11):5051–5055. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.11.5051. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Mok L. L., Ajiwe E., Martin T. J., Thompson J. C., Cooper C. W. Parathyroid hormone-related protein relaxes rat gastric smooth muscle and shows cross-desensitization with parathyroid hormone. J Bone Miner Res. 1989 Jun;4(3):433–439. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.5650040319. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Moniz C., Burton P. B., Malik A. N., Dixit M., Banga J. P., Nicolaides K., Quirke P., Knight D. E., McGregor A. M. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide in normal human fetal development. J Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Dec;5(3):259–266. doi: 10.1677/jme.0.0050259. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Moseley J. M., Kubota M., Diefenbach-Jagger H., Wettenhall R. E., Kemp B. E., Suva L. J., Rodda C. P., Ebeling P. R., Hudson P. J., Zajac J. D. Parathyroid hormone-related protein purified from a human lung cancer cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):5048–5052. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.5048. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Nagataki S., Nakashima M., Akino K., Ohtsuru A., Namba H., Kiriyama T., Ito M., Sekine I., Yamashita S. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in endocrine tumors. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1995;21(1-3):148–151. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Nakashima M., Ito M., Ohtsuru A., Alipov G. K., Matsuzaki S., Nakayama T., Yamashita S., Sekine I. Expression of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide (PTHrP) and PTH/PTHrP receptor in giant cell tumour of tendon sheath. J Pathol. 1996 Sep;180(1):80–84. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199609)180:1<80::AID-PATH617>3.0.CO;2-A. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Nakayama T., Ohtsuru A., Enomoto H., Namba H., Ozeki S., Shibata Y., Yokota T., Nobuyoshi M., Ito M., Sekine I. Coronary atherosclerotic smooth muscle cells overexpress human parathyroid hormone-related peptides. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Apr 29;200(2):1028–1035. doi: 10.1006/bbrc.1994.1553. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Nishizawa Y., Koyama H., Shioi A., Hosoi M., Jono S., Hino M., Morii H. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide and models of vascular disease: its expression and action in vascular smooth muscle cells. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1995;21(1-3):152–156. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Noda M., Katoh T., Takuwa N., Kumada M., Kurokawa K., Takuwa Y. Synergistic stimulation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene expression by mechanical stretch and angiotensin II in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 8;269(27):17911–17917. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Orloff J. J., Kats Y., Urena P., Schipani E., Vasavada R. C., Philbrick W. M., Behal A., Abou-Samra A. B., Segre G. V., Jüppner H. Further evidence for a novel receptor for amino-terminal parathyroid hormone-related protein on keratinocytes and squamous carcinoma cell lines. Endocrinology. 1995 Jul;136(7):3016–3023. doi: 10.1210/endo.136.7.7789327. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Orloff J. J., Reddy D., de Papp A. E., Yang K. H., Soifer N. E., Stewart A. F. Parathyroid hormone-related protein as a prohormone: posttranslational processing and receptor interactions. Endocr Rev. 1994 Feb;15(1):40–60. doi: 10.1210/edrv-15-1-40. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Paspaliaris V., Petersen D. N., Thiede M. A. Steroid regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein expression and action in the rat uterus. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Jun;53(1-6):259–265. doi: 10.1016/0960-0760(95)00057-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Pausova Z., Bourdon J., Clayton D., Mattei M. G., Seldin M. F., Janicic N., Rivière M., Szpirer J., Levan G., Szpirer C. Cloning of a parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptide receptor (PTHR) cDNA from a rat osteosarcoma (UMR 106) cell line: chromosomal assignment of the gene in the human, mouse, and rat genomes. Genomics. 1994 Mar 1;20(1):20–26. doi: 10.1006/geno.1994.1122. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Pilbeam C. C., Alander C. B., Simmons H. A., Raisz L. G. Comparison of the effects of various lengths of synthetic human parathyroid hormone-related peptide (hPTHrP) of malignancy on bone resorption and formation in organ culture. Bone. 1993 Sep-Oct;14(5):717–720. doi: 10.1016/8756-3282(93)90202-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Plawner L. L., Philbrick W. M., Burtis W. J., Broadus A. E., Stewart A. F. Cell type-specific secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein via the regulated versus the constitutive secretory pathway. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jun 9;270(23):14078–14084. doi: 10.1074/jbc.270.23.14078. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Rabbani S. A., Haq M., Goltzman D. Biosynthesis and processing of endogenous parathyroid hormone related peptide (PTHRP) by rat Leydig cell tumor H-500. Biochemistry. 1993 May 11;32(18):4931–4937. doi: 10.1021/bi00069a030. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Rabbani S. A., Mitchell J., Roy D. R., Kremer R., Bennett H. P., Goltzman D. Purification of peptides with parathyroid hormone-like bioactivity from human and rat malignancies associated with hypercalcemia. Endocrinology. 1986 Mar;118(3):1200–1210. doi: 10.1210/endo-118-3-1200. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Ratcliffe W. A. Parathyroid hormone-related protein and hypercalcaemia of malignancy. J Pathol. 1994 Jun;173(2):79–80. doi: 10.1002/path.1711730202. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. Rodan S. B., Wesolowski G., Ianacone J., Thiede M. A., Rodan G. A. Production of parathyroid hormone-like peptide in a human osteosarcoma cell line: stimulation by phorbol esters and epidermal growth factor. J Endocrinol. 1989 Jul;122(1):219–227. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1220219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. Roskams T., Campos R. V., Drucker D. J., Desmet V. J. Reactive human bile ductules express parathyroid hormone-related peptide. Histopathology. 1993 Jul;23(1):11–19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb01178.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  71. Roskams T., De Vos R., van den Oord J. J., Desmet V. Cells with neuroendocrine features in regenerating human liver. APMIS Suppl. 1991;23:32–39. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  72. Roskams T., Moshage H., Depla E., Willems M., Desmet V., Yap P. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide is expressed and rapidly inducible in human liver cell cultures that have a bile duct phenotype. J Hepatol. 1995 Aug;23(2):160–165. doi: 10.1016/0168-8278(95)80330-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  73. Roskams T., Willems M., Campos R. V., Drucker D. J., Yap S. H., Desmet V. J. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide expression in primary and metastatic liver tumours. Histopathology. 1993 Dec;23(6):519–525. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.1993.tb01237.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  74. Roskams T., van den Oord J. J., De Vos R., Desmet V. J. Neuroendocrine features of reactive bile ductules in cholestatic liver disease. Am J Pathol. 1990 Nov;137(5):1019–1025. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  75. Seitz P. K., Zhang R. W., Simmons D. J., Cooper C. W. Effects of C-terminal parathyroid hormone-related peptide on osteoblasts. Miner Electrolyte Metab. 1995;21(1-3):180–183. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  76. Soifer N. E., Dee K. E., Insogna K. L., Burtis W. J., Matovcik L. M., Wu T. L., Milstone L. M., Broadus A. E., Philbrick W. M., Stewart A. F. Parathyroid hormone-related protein. Evidence for secretion of a novel mid-region fragment by three different cell types. J Biol Chem. 1992 Sep 5;267(25):18236–18243. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  77. Southby J., O'Keeffe L. M., Martin T. J., Gillespie M. T. Alternative promoter usage and mRNA splicing pathways for parathyroid hormone-related protein in normal tissues and tumours. Br J Cancer. 1995 Sep;72(3):702–707. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1995.397. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  78. Streutker C., Drucker D. J. Rapid induction of parathyroid hormone-like peptide gene expression by sodium butyrate in a rat islet cell line. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 May;5(5):703–708. doi: 10.1210/mend-5-5-703. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  79. Struckhoff G., Turzynski A. Demonstration of parathyroid hormone-related protein in meninges and its receptor in astrocytes: evidence for a paracrine meningo-astrocytic loop. Brain Res. 1995 Apr 3;676(1):1–9. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(95)00088-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  80. Suva L. J., Winslow G. A., Wettenhall R. E., Hammonds R. G., Moseley J. M., Diefenbach-Jagger H., Rodda C. P., Kemp B. E., Rodriguez H., Chen E. Y. A parathyroid hormone-related protein implicated in malignant hypercalcemia: cloning and expression. Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):893–896. doi: 10.1126/science.3616618. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  81. Thiede M. A., Daifotis A. G., Weir E. C., Brines M. L., Burtis W. J., Ikeda K., Dreyer B. E., Garfield R. E., Broadus A. E. Intrauterine occupancy controls expression of the parathyroid hormone-related peptide gene in preterm rat myometrium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Sep;87(18):6969–6973. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.18.6969. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  82. Thiede M. A., Rodan G. A. Expression of a calcium-mobilizing parathyroid hormone-like peptide in lactating mammary tissue. Science. 1988 Oct 14;242(4876):278–280. doi: 10.1126/science.3175653. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  83. Wu T. L., Soifer N. E., Burtis W. J., Milstone L. M., Stewart A. F. Glycosylation of parathyroid hormone-related peptide secreted by human epidermal keratinocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991 Nov;73(5):1002–1007. doi: 10.1210/jcem-73-5-1002. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  84. Wysolmerski J. J., Broadus A. E., Zhou J., Fuchs E., Milstone L. M., Philbrick W. M. Overexpression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the skin of transgenic mice interferes with hair follicle development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Feb 1;91(3):1133–1137. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.3.1133. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  85. Yamamoto M., Harm S. C., Grasser W. A., Thiede M. A. Parathyroid hormone-related protein in the rat urinary bladder: a smooth muscle relaxant produced locally in response to mechanical stretch. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 15;89(12):5326–5330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.12.5326. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  86. Yang K. H., dePapp A. E., Soifer N. E., Dreyer B. E., Wu T. L., Porter S. E., Bellantoni M., Burtis W. J., Insogna K. L., Broadus A. E. Parathyroid hormone-related protein: evidence for isoform- and tissue-specific posttranslational processing. Biochemistry. 1994 Jun 14;33(23):7460–7469. doi: 10.1021/bi00189a054. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  87. Yasuda T., Banville D., Hendy G. N., Goltzman D. Characterization of the human parathyroid hormone-like peptide gene. Functional and evolutionary aspects. J Biol Chem. 1989 May 5;264(13):7720–7725. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  88. van de Stolpe A., Karperien M., Löwik C. W., Jüppner H., Segre G. V., Abou-Samra A. B., de Laat S. W., Defize L. H. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide as an endogenous inducer of parietal endoderm differentiation. J Cell Biol. 1993 Jan;120(1):235–243. doi: 10.1083/jcb.120.1.235. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The American Journal of Pathology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Investigative Pathology

RESOURCES