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. 1993 Mar;37(3):398–402. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.3.398

Azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine for treatment and prophylaxis of Mycobacterium avium complex in rats treated with cyclosporine.

S T Brown 1, F F Edwards 1, E M Bernard 1, W Tong 1, D Armstrong 1
PMCID: PMC187683  PMID: 8384809

Abstract

Azithromycin, rifabutin, and rifapentine were used to treat or prevent disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections produced in rats immunosuppressed with cyclosporine. Animals with bacteremic infections were treated 1 week after intravenous inoculation with 10(7) CFU of MAC with azithromycin, 100 mg/kg of body weight administered subcutaneously for 5 days and then 75 mg/kg on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, or with rifabutin or rifapentine, 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally on Monday through Friday. All three drugs showed efficacy after 1 and 2 months. Rifabutin cleared the organisms from tissues more rapidly than azithromycin or rifapentine. To approximate prophylaxis, treatment was started 2 weeks before intravenous inoculation with 10(4) organisms. MAC infections were undetectable in treated animals after 4 months, while control animals had disseminated infections. These findings support the rationale for clinical trials of treatment and prophylaxis with these agents. The cyclosporine-treated rat appears to be a useful model in which to evaluate compounds for the treatment and prophylaxis of disseminated MAC infections.

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Selected References

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