Skip to main content
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy logoLink to Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
. 1993 May;37(5):1160–1162. doi: 10.1128/aac.37.5.1160

Pharmacokinetics of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus nucleoside analog stavudine in cynomolgus monkeys.

S Kaul 1, K A Dandekar 1
PMCID: PMC187922  PMID: 8390811

Abstract

Stavudine was administered (15 mg/kg of body weight) intravenously and orally to two monkeys in a randomized crossover study. Plasma and urine samples were analyzed for stavudine by high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic parameters were derived by a noncompartmental method. Total body clearance of stavudine was 0.64 liters/h/kg, with a steady-state volume of distribution of 0.68 liters/kg, a terminal half-life of 0.83 h, a urinary recovery of 44%, and an oral bioavailability of 80%. These values were reasonably similar to those reported for patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex.

Full text

PDF
1162

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ayers K. M. Preclinical toxicology of zidovudine. An overview. Am J Med. 1988 Aug 29;85(2A):186–188. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blum M. R., Liao S. H., Good S. S., de Miranda P. Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of zidovudine in humans. Am J Med. 1988 Aug 29;85(2A):189–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Boudinot F. D., Schinazi R. F., Gallo J. M., McClure H. M., Anderson D. C., Doshi K. J., Kambhampathi P. C., Chu C. K. 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AzddU): comparative pharmacokinetics with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) in monkeys. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1990 Feb;6(2):219–228. doi: 10.1089/aid.1990.6.219. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Boudinot F. D., Smith S. G., Funderburg E. D., Schinazi R. F. Pharmacokinetics of 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Apr;35(4):747–749. doi: 10.1128/aac.35.4.747. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins J. M., Unadkat J. D. Clinical pharmacokinetics of zidovudine. An overview of current data. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1989 Jul;17(1):1–9. doi: 10.2165/00003088-198917010-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cretton E. M., Schinazi R. F., McClure H. M., Anderson D. C., Sommadossi J. P. Pharmacokinetics of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and its catabolites and interactions with probenecid in rhesus monkeys. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 May;35(5):801–807. doi: 10.1128/aac.35.5.801. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Doshi K. J., Gallo J. M., Boudinot F. D., Schinazi R. F., Chu C. K. Comparative pharmacokinetics of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AZddU) in mice. Drug Metab Dispos. 1989 Nov-Dec;17(6):590–594. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dudley M. N., Graham K. K., Kaul S., Geletko S., Dunkle L., Browne M., Mayer K. Pharmacokinetics of stavudine in patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex. J Infect Dis. 1992 Sep;166(3):480–485. doi: 10.1093/infdis/166.3.480. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Hedaya M. A., Sawchuk R. J. Effect of probenecid on the renal and nonrenal clearances of zidovudine and its distribution into cerebrospinal fluid in the rabbit. J Pharm Sci. 1989 Sep;78(9):716–722. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600780903. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Janiszewski J. S., Mulvana D. E., Kaul S., Dandekar K. A., Barbhaiya R. H. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine, a new anti-human immunodeficiency virus agent, in human plasma and urine. J Chromatogr. 1992 May 20;577(1):151–156. doi: 10.1016/0378-4347(92)80611-s. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Kaul S., Dandekar K. A., Pittman K. A. Analytical method for the quantification of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine, a new anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent, by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet (UV) detection in rat and monkey plasma. Pharm Res. 1989 Oct;6(10):895–899. doi: 10.1023/a:1015972824915. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Langtry H. D., Campoli-Richards D. M. Zidovudine. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1989 Apr;37(4):408–450. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198937040-00003. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Laskin O. L., de Miranda P., Blum M. R. Azidothymidine steady-state pharmacokinetics in patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. J Infect Dis. 1989 Apr;159(4):745–747. doi: 10.1093/infdis/159.4.745. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Mitsuya H., Weinhold K. J., Furman P. A., St Clair M. H., Lehrman S. N., Gallo R. C., Bolognesi D., Barry D. W., Broder S. 3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (BW A509U): an antiviral agent that inhibits the infectivity and cytopathic effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Oct;82(20):7096–7100. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.20.7096. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Morse G. D., Portmore A., Olson J., Taylor C., Plank C., Reichman R. C. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of oral zidovudine in hemophilia patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Mar;34(3):394–397. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.3.394. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Niemann M. A., Berech J., Jr Thymidine catabolism and the reutilization of its degradative products in Tetrahymena pyriformis. Metabolism of [2,6-14C2]thymidine and [2-14C]methylmalonic acid. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981 Feb 26;652(2):347–353. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(81)90124-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Patel B. A., Chu C. K., Boudinot F. D. Pharmacokinetics and saturable renal tubular secretion of zidovudine in rats. J Pharm Sci. 1989 Jul;78(7):530–534. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600780704. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Qian M. X., Finco T. S., Swagler A. R., Gallo J. M. Pharmacokinetics of 2',3'-dideoxyinosine in monkeys. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1991 Jun;35(6):1247–1249. doi: 10.1128/aac.35.6.1247. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Riegelman S., Collier P. The application of statistical moment theory to the evaluation of in vivo dissolution time and absorption time. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1980 Oct;8(5):509–534. doi: 10.1007/BF01059549. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Russell J. W., Whiterock V. J., Marrero D., Klunk L. J. Disposition in animals of a new anti-HIV agent: 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine. Drug Metab Dispos. 1990 Mar-Apr;18(2):153–157. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Schinazi R. F., Boudinot F. D., Doshi K. J., McClure H. M. Pharmacokinetics of 3'-fluoro-3'-deoxythymidine and 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine in rhesus monkeys. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 Jun;34(6):1214–1219. doi: 10.1128/aac.34.6.1214. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Unadkat J. D., Wang J. P., Pulham D., Semmes R. L. Dose-ranging pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (azidothymidine) in the rat. Pharm Res. 1989 Aug;6(8):734–736. doi: 10.1023/a:1015954926307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wong S. L., Sawchuk R. J. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (d4T) in human and rabbit plasma and urine and its application to pharmacokinetic studies in the rabbit. Pharm Res. 1991 May;8(5):619–623. doi: 10.1023/a:1015808808115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES