Skip to main content
PMC home page
The American Journal of Pathology logoLink to The American Journal of Pathology
. 1988 Dec;133(3):426–433.

Warner-Lambert/Parke-Davis award lecture. Cytokine-mediated activation of vascular endothelium. Physiology and pathology.

J S Pober 1
PMCID: PMC1880803  PMID: 2462353

Abstract

The concept of endothelial cell activation has been extremely useful in understanding endothelial cell function. The morphologic definition of activation from the 1960s has been replaced by a cell biologic definition in the 1980s, but recent studies have suggested that these phenomena are two aspects of the same processes. Moreover, the initial distinction of endothelial cell activation, a beneficial reaction, from injury and dysfunction, a harmful sequence, has become more complex as clinical studies have revealed that activation can produce dysfunction, with or without injury. Most importantly, as our in vivo studies indicate, the concept of activation is a testable hypothesis, as modern immunochemical and molecular biologic techniques have been employed to bridge the gap between in vitro culture experiments and patient-based clinical research.

Full text

PDF
433

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Adams D. O., Hamilton T. A. The cell biology of macrophage activation. Annu Rev Immunol. 1984;2:283–318. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.02.040184.001435. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bevilacqua M. P., Pober J. S., Majeau G. R., Cotran R. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces biosynthesis and cell surface expression of procoagulant activity in human vascular endothelial cells. J Exp Med. 1984 Aug 1;160(2):618–623. doi: 10.1084/jem.160.2.618. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Bevilacqua M. P., Pober J. S., Mendrick D. L., Cotran R. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Identification of an inducible endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(24):9238–9242. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9238. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bevilacqua M. P., Pober J. S., Wheeler M. E., Cotran R. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Interleukin 1 acts on cultured human vascular endothelium to increase the adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and related leukocyte cell lines. J Clin Invest. 1985 Nov;76(5):2003–2011. doi: 10.1172/JCI112200. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Collins T., Korman A. J., Wake C. T., Boss J. M., Kappes D. J., Fiers W., Ault K. A., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Strominger J. L., Pober J. S. Immune interferon activates multiple class II major histocompatibility complex genes and the associated invariant chain gene in human endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Aug;81(15):4917–4921. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4917. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Collins T., Lapierre L. A., Fiers W., Strominger J. L., Pober J. S. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor increases mRNA levels and surface expression of HLA-A,B antigens in vascular endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jan;83(2):446–450. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.2.446. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Cotran R. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Bevilacqua M. P., Mendrick D. L., Pober J. S. Induction and detection of a human endothelial activation antigen in vivo. J Exp Med. 1986 Aug 1;164(2):661–666. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.2.661. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Cotran R. S., Pober J. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Springer T. A., Wiebke E. A., Gaspari A. A., Rosenberg S. A., Lotze M. T. Endothelial activation during interleukin 2 immunotherapy. A possible mechanism for the vascular leak syndrome. J Immunol. 1988 Mar 15;140(6):1883–1888. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Freemont A. J., Ford W. L. Functional and morphological changes in post-capillary venules in relation to lymphocytic infiltration into BCG-induced granulomata in rat skin. J Pathol. 1985 Sep;147(1):1–12. doi: 10.1002/path.1711470102. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hirschberg H., Evensen S. A., Henriksen T., Thorsby E. The human mixed lymphocyte-endothelium culture interaction. Transplantation. 1975 Jun;19(6):495–504. doi: 10.1097/00007890-197506000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Issekutz T. B., Stoltz J. M., vd Meide P. Lymphocyte recruitment in delayed-type hypersensitivity. The role of IFN-gamma. J Immunol. 1988 May 1;140(9):2989–2993. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Kurt-Jones E. A., Fiers W., Pober J. S. Membrane interleukin 1 induction on human endothelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. J Immunol. 1987 Oct 1;139(7):2317–2324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lapierre L. A., Fiers W., Pober J. S. Three distinct classes of regulatory cytokines control endothelial cell MHC antigen expression. Interactions with immune gamma interferon differentiate the effects of tumor necrosis factor and lymphotoxin from those of leukocyte alpha and fibroblast beta interferons. J Exp Med. 1988 Mar 1;167(3):794–804. doi: 10.1084/jem.167.3.794. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Leung D. Y., Burns J. C., Newburger J. W., Geha R. S. Reversal of lymphocyte activation in vivo in the Kawasaki syndrome by intravenous gammaglobulin. J Clin Invest. 1987 Feb;79(2):468–472. doi: 10.1172/JCI112835. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Leung D. Y., Collins T., Lapierre L. A., Geha R. S., Pober J. S. Immunoglobulin M antibodies present in the acute phase of Kawasaki syndrome lyse cultured vascular endothelial cells stimulated by gamma interferon. J Clin Invest. 1986 May;77(5):1428–1435. doi: 10.1172/JCI112454. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Leung D. Y., Geha R. S., Newburger J. W., Burns J. C., Fiers W., Lapierre L. A., Pober J. S. Two monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, render cultured vascular endothelial cells susceptible to lysis by antibodies circulating during Kawasaki syndrome. J Exp Med. 1986 Dec 1;164(6):1958–1972. doi: 10.1084/jem.164.6.1958. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Leung D. Y., Moake J. L., Havens P. L., Kim M., Pober J. S. Lytic anti-endothelial cell antibodies in haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Lancet. 1988 Jul 23;2(8604):183–186. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92287-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Marlin S. D., Springer T. A. Purified intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a ligand for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). Cell. 1987 Dec 4;51(5):813–819. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90104-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Messadi D. V., Pober J. S., Fiers W., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Murphy G. F. Induction of an activation antigen on postcapillary venular endothelium in human skin organ culture. J Immunol. 1987 Sep 1;139(5):1557–1562. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Messadi D. V., Pober J. S., Murphy G. F. Effects of recombinant gamma-interferon on HLA-DR and DQ expression by skin cells in short-term organ culture. Lab Invest. 1988 Jan;58(1):61–67. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Pober J. S., Bevilacqua M. P., Mendrick D. L., Lapierre L. A., Fiers W., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Two distinct monokines, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor, each independently induce biosynthesis and transient expression of the same antigen on the surface of cultured human vascular endothelial cells. J Immunol. 1986 Mar 1;136(5):1680–1687. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Pober J. S., Collins T., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Cotran R. S., Gitlin J. D., Fiers W., Clayberger C., Krensky A. M., Burakoff S. J., Reiss C. S. Lymphocytes recognize human vascular endothelial and dermal fibroblast Ia antigens induced by recombinant immune interferon. Nature. 1983 Oct 20;305(5936):726–729. doi: 10.1038/305726a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Pober J. S., Collins T., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Libby P., Reiss C. S. Inducible expression of class II major histocompatibility complex antigens and the immunogenicity of vascular endothelium. Transplantation. 1986 Feb;41(2):141–146. doi: 10.1097/00007890-198602000-00001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Pober J. S. Effects of tumour necrosis factor and related cytokines on vascular endothelial cells. Ciba Found Symp. 1987;131:170–184. doi: 10.1002/9780470513521.ch12. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Pober J. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Cotran R. S., Reiss C. S., Burakoff S. J., Fiers W., Ault K. A. Ia expression by vascular endothelium is inducible by activated T cells and by human gamma interferon. J Exp Med. 1983 Apr 1;157(4):1339–1353. doi: 10.1084/jem.157.4.1339. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Pober J. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Expression of Ia-like antigens by human vascular endothelial cells is inducible in vitro: demonstration by monoclonal antibody binding and immunoprecipitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6641–6645. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6641. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Pober J. S., Gimbrone M. A., Jr, Lapierre L. A., Mendrick D. L., Fiers W., Rothlein R., Springer T. A. Overlapping patterns of activation of human endothelial cells by interleukin 1, tumor necrosis factor, and immune interferon. J Immunol. 1986 Sep 15;137(6):1893–1896. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Pober J. S., Lapierre L. A., Stolpen A. H., Brock T. A., Springer T. A., Fiers W., Bevilacqua M. P., Mendrick D. L., Gimbrone M. A., Jr Activation of cultured human endothelial cells by recombinant lymphotoxin: comparison with tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 species. J Immunol. 1987 May 15;138(10):3319–3324. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Rosenberg S. A., Lotze M. T. Cancer immunotherapy using interleukin-2 and interleukin-2-activated lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol. 1986;4:681–709. doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.003341. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Stolpen A. H., Golan D. E., Pober J. S. Tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon act in concert to slow the lateral diffusion of proteins and lipids in human endothelial cell membranes. J Cell Biol. 1988 Aug;107(2):781–789. doi: 10.1083/jcb.107.2.781. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Stolpen A. H., Guinan E. C., Fiers W., Pober J. S. Recombinant tumor necrosis factor and immune interferon act singly and in combination to reorganize human vascular endothelial cell monolayers. Am J Pathol. 1986 Apr;123(1):16–24. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Umetsu D. T., Pober J. S., Jabara H. H., Fiers W., Yunis E. J., Burakoff S. J., Reiss C. S., Geha R. S. Human dermal fibroblasts present tetanus toxoid antigen to antigen-specific T cell clones. J Clin Invest. 1985 Jul;76(1):254–260. doi: 10.1172/JCI111955. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Willms-Kretschmer K., Flax M. H., Cotran R. S. The fine structure of the vascular response in hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity and contact dermatitis. Lab Invest. 1967 Sep;17(3):334–349. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The American Journal of Pathology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Investigative Pathology

RESOURCES