Skip to main content
PMC home page
The BMJ logoLink to The BMJ
. 1992 Nov 28;305(6865):1337–1343. doi: 10.1136/bmj.305.6865.1337

Risks to surgeons and patients from HIV and hepatitis: guidelines on precautions and management of exposure to blood or body fluids. Joint Working Party of the Hospital Infection Society and the Surgical Infection Study Group.

PMCID: PMC1883893  PMID: 1304744

Full text

PDF
1341

Images in this article

1340p1340-a
on p.1340

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Armstrong F. P., Miner J. C., Wolfe W. H. Investigation of a health care worker with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection: an epidemiologic approach. Mil Med. 1987 Aug;152(8):414–418. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bird A. G., Gore S. M., Leigh-Brown A. J., Carter D. C. Escape from collective denial: HIV transmission during surgery. BMJ. 1991 Aug 10;303(6798):351–352. doi: 10.1136/bmj.303.6798.351. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Brattebø G., Wisborg T. Occupational infection among anaesthetists. Lancet. 1990 Dec 8;336(8728):1456–1456. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)93172-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Possible transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to a patient during an invasive dental procedure. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990 Jul 27;39(29):489–493. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Preliminary analysis: HIV serosurvey of orthopedic surgeons, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991 May 17;40(19):309–312. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Update: human immunodeficiency virus infections in health-care workers exposed to blood of infected patients. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1987 May 22;36(19):285–289. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Comer R. W., Myers D. R., Steadman C. D., Carter M. J., Rissing J. P., Tedesco F. J. Management considerations for an HIV positive dental student. J Dent Educ. 1991 Mar;55(3):187–191. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Crawshaw S. C., West R. J. HIV transmission during surgery. BMJ. 1991 Sep 7;303(6802):580–580. doi: 10.1136/bmj.303.6802.580-c. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Dienstag J. L., Ryan D. M. Occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus in hospital personnel: infection or immunization? Am J Epidemiol. 1982 Jan;115(1):26–39. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113277. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Dudley H. A., Sim A. AIDS: a bill of rights for the surgical team? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1988 May 21;296(6634):1449–1450. doi: 10.1136/bmj.296.6634.1449. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Gallagher J., Strangeways J. E., Allt-Graham J. Contamination control in long-term ventilation. A clinical study using a heat- and moisture-exchanging filter. Anaesthesia. 1987 May;42(5):476–481. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb04037.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gazzard B. G., Wastell C. HIV and surgeons. BMJ. 1990 Nov 3;301(6759):1003–1004. doi: 10.1136/bmj.301.6759.1003. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gerberding J. L., Littell C., Tarkington A., Brown A., Schecter W. P. Risk of exposure of surgical personnel to patients' blood during surgery at San Francisco General Hospital. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jun 21;322(25):1788–1793. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199006213222506. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Gerberding J. L., Schecter W. P. Surgery and AIDS. Reducing the risk. JAMA. 1991 Mar 27;265(12):1572–1573. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hammond J. S., Eckes J. M., Gomez G. A., Cunningham D. N. HIV, trauma, and infection control: universal precautions are universally ignored. J Trauma. 1990 May;30(5):555–561. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Heald R. J. The dog in the night time. Br J Surg. 1991 Jan;78(1):3–5. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800780103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Henderson D. K., Fahey B. J., Willy M., Schmitt J. M., Carey K., Koziol D. E., Lane H. C., Fedio J., Saah A. J. Risk for occupational transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) associated with clinical exposures. A prospective evaluation. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Nov 15;113(10):740–746. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-113-10-740. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Henderson D. K. Zeroing in on the appropriate management of occupational exposures to HIV-1. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1990 Apr;11(4):175–177. doi: 10.1086/646144. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Hu D. J., Kane M. A., Heymann D. L. Transmission of HIV, hepatitis B virus, and other bloodborne pathogens in health care settings: a review of risk factors and guidelines for prevention. World Health Organization. Bull World Health Organ. 1991;69(5):623–630. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Jeffries D. J. Zidovudine after occupational exposure to HIV. BMJ. 1991 Jun 8;302(6789):1349–1351. doi: 10.1136/bmj.302.6789.1349. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Johnson G. K., Robinson W. S. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the vapors of surgical power instruments. J Med Virol. 1991 Jan;33(1):47–50. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890330110. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Jones P. D. HIV transmission by stabbing despite zidovudine prophylaxis. Lancet. 1991 Oct 5;338(8771):884–884. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)91535-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Lange J. M., Boucher C. A., Hollak C. E., Wiltink E. H., Reiss P., van Royen E. A., Roos M., Danner S. A., Goudsmit J. Failure of zidovudine prophylaxis after accidental exposure to HIV-1. N Engl J Med. 1990 May 10;322(19):1375–1377. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199005103221907. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Leentvaar-Kuijpers A., Dekker M. M., Coutinho R. A., Dekker E. E., Keeman J. N., Ansink-Schipper M. C. Needlestick injuries, surgeons, and HIV risks. Lancet. 1990 Mar 3;335(8688):546–547. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90784-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Lemmer J. H. Hepatitis B as an occupational disease of surgeons. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1984 Jul;159(1):91–100. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Looke D. F., Grove D. I. Failed prophylactic zidovudine after needlestick injury. Lancet. 1990 May 26;335(8700):1280–1280. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)91343-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lowenfels A. B., Wormser G. P., Jain R. Frequency of puncture injuries in surgeons and estimated risk of HIV infection. Arch Surg. 1989 Nov;124(11):1284–1286. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1989.01410110038007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Lowenfels A. B., Wormser G. Risk of transmission of HIV from surgeon to patient. N Engl J Med. 1991 Sep 19;325(12):888–889. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199109193251212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Mandelbrot D. A., Smythe W. R., Norman S. A., Martin S. C., Arnold R. M., Talbot G. H., Stolley P. D. A survey of exposures, practices and recommendations of surgeons in the care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1990 Aug;171(2):99–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. McEvoy M., Porter K., Mortimer P., Simmons N., Shanson D. Prospective study of clinical, laboratory, and ancillary staff with accidental exposures to blood or body fluids from patients infected with HIV. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987 Jun 20;294(6587):1595–1597. doi: 10.1136/bmj.294.6587.1595. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. McNicholas T. A., Jones D. J., Sibley G. N. AIDS: the contamination risk in urological surgery. Br J Urol. 1989 Jun;63(6):565–568. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1989.tb05246.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Mishu B., Schaffner W., Horan J. M., Wood L. H., Hutcheson R. H., McNabb P. C. A surgeon with AIDS. Lack of evidence of transmission to patients. JAMA. 1990 Jul 25;264(4):467–470. doi: 10.1001/jama.264.4.467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Panlilio A. L., Foy D. R., Edwards J. R., Bell D. M., Welch B. A., Parrish C. M., Culver D. H., Lowry P. W., Jarvis W. R., Perlino C. A. Blood contacts during surgical procedures. JAMA. 1991 Mar 27;265(12):1533–1537. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Porter J. D., Cruickshank J. G., Gentle P. H., Robinson R. G., Gill O. N. Management of patients treated by surgeon with HIV infection. Lancet. 1990 Jan 13;335(8681):113–114. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(90)90582-p. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Prentice M. B., Flower A. J., Morgan G. M., Nicholson K. G., Rana B., Firmin R. K., Mitchell C. J. Infection with hepatitis B virus after open heart surgery. BMJ. 1992 Mar 21;304(6829):761–764. doi: 10.1136/bmj.304.6829.761. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Raahave D., Bremmelgaard A. New operative technique to reduce surgeons' risk of HIV infection. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 (Suppl A):177–183. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(91)90021-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Rhame F. S. The HIV-infected surgeon. JAMA. 1990 Jul 25;264(4):507–508. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Royle J. P., Syme R. R. Strategy for AIDS. Aust N Z J Surg. 1990 Aug;60(8):567–569. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.1990.tb07432.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Sacks J. J. AIDS in a surgeon. N Engl J Med. 1985 Oct 17;313(16):1017–1018. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198510173131610. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Schaffner W. Surgeons with HIV infection: the risk to patients. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 (Suppl A):191–196. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(91)90023-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Shanson D. C. Current surgical controversies over HIV infection. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Feb;17(2):77–81. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(91)90171-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Shanson D. C. Hepatitis B outbreak in operating-theatre and intensive care staff. Lancet. 1980 Sep 13;2(8194):596–596. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(80)92035-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Sim A. J. Towards safer surgery. J Hosp Infect. 1991 Jun;18 (Suppl A):184–190. doi: 10.1016/0195-6701(91)90022-z. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Stotter A. T., Vipond M. N., Guillou P. J. The response of general surgeons to HIV in England and Wales. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1990 Sep;72(5):281–286. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Welch J., Webster M., Tilzey A. J., Noah N. D., Banatvala J. E. Hepatitis B infections after gynaecological surgery. Lancet. 1989 Jan 28;1(8631):205–207. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91213-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Werner B. G., Grady G. F. Accidental hepatitis-B-surface-antigen-positive inoculations. Use of e antigen to estimate infectivity. Ann Intern Med. 1982 Sep;97(3):367–369. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-367. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. West D. J. The risk of hepatitis B infection among health professionals in the United States: a review. Am J Med Sci. 1984 Mar-Apr;287(2):26–33. doi: 10.1097/00000441-198403000-00006. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from BMJ : British Medical Journal are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES