Abstract
Pertinent experimental work and literature relative to drowning are reviewed. The different concepts of the mechanism of drowning are dealt with and the view is emphasized that asphyxia is complicated by hemodilution in fresh water and by hemo-concentration in salt water, with resulting electrolyte imbalance. A short description is given of the sequence of events in drowning. Lethal heart failure has occurred as early as two minutes after total submersion. Treatment consists of artificial respiration, cardiac massage, correction of the electrolyte imbalance and continued observation for complications. The danger from hyperventilation in underwater swimming, of cases of so-called “secondary” drowning and the use of diatoms as a proof of drowning are mentioned.
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Selected References
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