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. 1994 Jun;60(6):1832–1841. doi: 10.1128/aem.60.6.1832-1841.1994

Evolution of a Lytic Bacteriophage via DNA Acquisition from the Lactococcus lactis Chromosome †

Sylvain Moineau 1,2,‡, Sithian Pandian 2, Todd R Klaenhammer 1,*
PMCID: PMC201570  PMID: 16349277

Abstract

We discovered a phage-host interaction in which the lytic phage ul36, in response to pressure exerted by an abortive phage resistance mechanism, acquired a large DNA fragment from the chromosome of Lactococcus lactis NCK203 to form a new phage, ul37. Phage ul37 was characterized at morphological, phenotypic, and genotypic levels and was found to be a member of the P335 species. Although it exhibits a high level of DNA homology with ul36, phage ul37 is resistant to the abortive mechanism and has a longer tail, a different base plate, and apparently a different origin of replication. The chromosomal DNA implicated in the formation of new phage ul37 was disrupted by site-specific integration in NCK203. This strategy prevented the appearance of ul37 during subsequent infections with ul36.

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