Abstract
The aetiologic fractions due to smoking and chewing tobacco have been quantified for the first time, for cancers of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx and oesophagus. The overall aetiologic fractions due to smoking and/or chewing tobacco have been found to be 70% for cancer of the oral cavity, 84% for the oropharynx, and about 75% for the hypopharynx and larynx. In cancer of the oesophagus, however, the fraction is only 50%, showing that another factor or factors play an equal role in the aetiology of cancer of this site. At each of the sites studied, it was found that the two factors, smoking and chewing, acted synergistically, though in varying degrees.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Jayant K., Balakrishnan V., Sanghvi L. D. A note on the distribution of cancer in some endogamous groups in Western India. Br J Cancer. 1971 Dec;25(4):611–619. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1971.77. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Jussawalla D. J., Deshpande V. A. Evaluation of cancer risk in tobacco chewers and smokers: an epidemiologic assessment. Cancer. 1971 Jul;28(1):244–252. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(197107)28:1<244::aid-cncr2820280150>3.0.co;2-h. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- LEVIN M. L. The occurrence of lung cancer in man. Acta Unio Int Contra Cancrum. 1953;9(3):531–541. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Miettinen O. S. Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention. Am J Epidemiol. 1974 May;99(5):325–332. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121617. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rothman K. J. Synergy and antagonism in cause-effect relationships. Am J Epidemiol. 1974 Jun;99(6):385–388. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121626. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- SANGHVI L. D., RAO K. C., KHANOLKAR V. R. Smoking and chewing of tobacco in relation to cancer of the upper alimentary tract. Br Med J. 1955 May 7;1(4922):1111–1114. doi: 10.1136/bmj.1.4922.1111. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]