Abstract
Selected plant species and environmental conditions were investigated for their influences on expression of ice nucleation activity by 15 Pseudomonas syringae strains grown on plants in constant-temperature growth chamber studies. Ice nucleation frequencies (INFs), the fraction of cells that expressed ice nucleation at −5 or −9°C, of individual strains varied greatly, both on plants and in culture. This suggests that the probability of frost injury, which is proportional to the number of ice nuclei on leaf surfaces, is strongly determined by the particular bacterial strains that are present on a leaf surface. The INFs of strains were generally higher when they were grown on plants than when they were grown in culture. In addition, INFs in culture did not correlate closely with INFs on plants, suggesting that frost injury prediction should be based on INF measurements of cells grown on plants rather than in culture. The relative INFs of individual strains varied with plant host and environment. However, none of seven plant species tested optimized the INFs of all 15 strains. Similarly, incubation for 48 h at near 100% relative humidity with short photoperiods did not always decrease the INF when compared with a 72 h, 40% relative humidity, long-photoperiod incubation. Pathogenic strains on susceptible hosts were not associated with higher or lower INFs relative to their INFs on nonsusceptible plant species. The ice nucleation activity of individual bacterial strains on plants therefore appears to be controlled by complex and interacting factors such as strain genotype, environment, and host plant species.
Full text
PDF
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Hirano S. S., Baker L. S., Upper C. D. Ice nucleation temperature of individual leaves in relation to population sizes of ice nucleation active bacteria and frost injury. Plant Physiol. 1985 Feb;77(2):259–265. doi: 10.1104/pp.77.2.259. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KING E. O., WARD M. K., RANEY D. E. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. J Lab Clin Med. 1954 Aug;44(2):301–307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- KLEMENT Z. RAPID DETECTION OF THE PATHOGENICITY OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC PSEUDOMONADS. Nature. 1963 Jul 20;199:299–300. doi: 10.1038/199299b0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lelliott R. A., Billing E., Hayward A. C. A determinative scheme for the fluorescent plant pathogenic pseudomonads. J Appl Bacteriol. 1966 Dec;29(3):470–489. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1966.tb03499.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindemann J., Constantinidou H. A., Barchet W. R., Upper C. D. Plants as sources of airborne bacteria, including ice nucleation-active bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Nov;44(5):1059–1063. doi: 10.1128/aem.44.5.1059-1063.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindow S. E., Arny D. C., Upper C. D. Bacterial ice nucleation: a factor in frost injury to plants. Plant Physiol. 1982 Oct;70(4):1084–1089. doi: 10.1104/pp.70.4.1084. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindow S. E., Arny D. C., Upper C. D. Distribution of ice nucleation-active bacteria on plants in nature. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1978 Dec;36(6):831–838. doi: 10.1128/aem.36.6.831-838.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindow S. E., Hirano S. S., Barchet W. R., Arny D. C., Upper C. D. Relationship between Ice Nucleation Frequency of Bacteria and Frost Injury. Plant Physiol. 1982 Oct;70(4):1090–1093. doi: 10.1104/pp.70.4.1090. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Stanier R. Y., Palleroni N. J., Doudoroff M. The aerobic pseudomonads: a taxonomic study. J Gen Microbiol. 1966 May;43(2):159–271. doi: 10.1099/00221287-43-2-159. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]