Skip to main content
PMC home page
Applied and Environmental Microbiology logoLink to Applied and Environmental Microbiology
. 1988 Oct;54(10):2580–2582. doi: 10.1128/aem.54.10.2580-2582.1988

Inactivation of Giardia lamblia and Giardia canis cysts by combined and free chlorine.

L I Kong 1, L J Swango 1, B L Blagburn 1, C M Hendrix 1, D E Williams 1, S D Worley 1
PMCID: PMC204322  PMID: 3202635

Abstract

Free chlorine and a combined organic N-chloramine (3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone, compound 1) were compared for efficacy as disinfectants against an admixture of cysts of Giardia lamblia and Giardia canis in water solution under a variety of test conditions; variables were pH, temperature, and water quality. In general, compound 1 was found to reduce the giardial excystation in the solutions at lower concentration or shorter contact time at a given total chlorine concentration than did free chlorine.

Full text

PDF
2582

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bingham A. K., Jarroll E. L., Jr, Meyer E. A., Radulescu S. Giardia sp.: physical factors of excystation in vitro, and excystation vs eosin exclusion as determinants of viability. Exp Parasitol. 1979 Apr;47(2):284–291. doi: 10.1016/0014-4894(79)90080-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Bingham A. K., Meyer E. A. Giardia excystation can be induced in vitro in acidic solutions. Nature. 1979 Jan 25;277(5694):301–302. doi: 10.1038/277301a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cerda J. J. Giardiasis. Am Fam Physician. 1983 Jul;28(1):199–203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Craun G. F. Microbiology--waterborne outbreaks. J Water Pollut Control Fed. 1976 Jun;48(6):1378–1397. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Jarroll E. L., Bingham A. K., Meyer E. A. Effect of chlorine on Giardia lamblia cyst viability. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 Feb;41(2):483–487. doi: 10.1128/aem.41.2.483-487.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Kaminski J. J., Huycke M. M., Selk S. H., Bodor N., Higuchi T. N-Halo derivatives V: Comparative antimicrobial activity of soft N-chloramine systems. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Dec;65(12):1737–1742. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600651211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Kosugi M., Kaminski J. J., Selk S. H., Pitman I. H., Bodor N., Higuchi T. N-Halo derivatives VI: Microbiological and chemical evaluations of 3-chloro-2-oxazolidinones. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Dec;65(12):1743–1746. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600651212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Leahy J. G., Rubin A. J., Sproul O. J. Inactivation of Giardia muris cysts by free chlorine. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Jul;53(7):1448–1453. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.7.1448-1453.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Meyer E. A., Jarroll E. L. Giardiasis. Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Jan;111(1):1–12. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112860. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Rice E. W., Hoff J. C., Schaefer F. W., 3rd Inactivation of Giardia cysts by chlorine. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1982 Jan;43(1):250–251. doi: 10.1128/aem.43.1.250-251.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Swango L. J., Wilt G. R., Killen A. D., Williams D. E., Worley S. D. Inactivation of Legionella pneumophila by hypochlorite and an organic chloramine. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Dec;53(12):2983–2986. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.12.2983-2986.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Williams D. E., Worley S. D., Barnela S. B., Swango L. J. Bactericidal activities of selected organic N-halamines. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1987 Sep;53(9):2082–2089. doi: 10.1128/aem.53.9.2082-2089.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Williams D. E., Worley S. D., Wheatley W. B., Swango L. J. Bactericidal properties of a new water disinfectant. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1985 Mar;49(3):637–643. doi: 10.1128/aem.49.3.637-643.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Applied and Environmental Microbiology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES