Skip to main content
PMC home page
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1989 Jan;171(1):488–497. doi: 10.1128/jb.171.1.488-497.1989

Cloning and identification of bacteriophage T4 gene 2 product gp2 and action of gp2 on infecting DNA in vivo.

B Lipinska 1, A S Rao 1, B M Bolten 1, R Balakrishnan 1, E B Goldberg 1
PMCID: PMC209613  PMID: 2644202

Abstract

We sequenced bacteriophage T4 genes 2 and 3 and the putative C-terminal portion of gene 50. They were found to have appropriate open reading frames directed counterclockwise on the T4 map. Mutations in genes 2 and 64 were shown to be in the same open reading frame, which we now call gene 2. This gene codes for a protein of 27,068 daltons. The open reading frame corresponding to gene 3 codes for a protein of 20,634 daltons. Appropriate bands on polyacrylamide gels were identified at 30 and 20 kilodaltons, respectively. We found that the product of the cloned gene 2 can protect T4 DNA double-stranded ends from exonuclease V action.

Full text

PDF
490

Images in this article

494Image
on p.494

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Akroyd J., Symonds N. Localization of the gam gene of bacteriophage mu and characterisation of the gene product. Gene. 1986;49(2):273–282. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90288-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Broida J., Abelson J. Sequence organization and control of transcription in the bacteriophage T4 tRNA region. J Mol Biol. 1985 Oct 5;185(3):545–563. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(85)90071-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Clewell D. B., Helinski D. R. Properties of a supercoiled deoxyribonucleic acid-protein relaxation complex and strand specificity of the relaxation event. Biochemistry. 1970 Oct 27;9(22):4428–4440. doi: 10.1021/bi00824a026. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Dharmalingam K., Goldberg E. B. Mechanism localisation and control of restriction cleavage of phage T4 and lambda chromosomes in vivo. Nature. 1976 Apr 1;260(5550):406–410. doi: 10.1038/260406a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dharmalingam K., Goldberg E. B. Restriction in vivo. V. Introduction of SOS functions in Escherichia coli by restricted T4 phage DNA, and alleviation of restriction by SOS functions. Mol Gen Genet. 1980 Apr;178(1):51–58. doi: 10.1007/BF00267212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Friedman S. A., Hays J. B. Selective inhibition of Escherichia coli recBC activities by plasmid-encoded GamS function of phage lambda. Gene. 1986;43(3):255–263. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(86)90214-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Karu A. E., Sakaki Y., Echols H., Linn S. The gamma protein specified by bacteriophage gamma. Structure and inhibitory activity for the recBC enzyme of Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem. 1975 Sep 25;250(18):7377–7387. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Labedan B., Goldberg E. B. Requirement for membrane potential in injection of phage T4 DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4669–4673. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4669. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970 Aug 15;227(5259):680–685. doi: 10.1038/227680a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Messing J., Crea R., Seeburg P. H. A system for shotgun DNA sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1981 Jan 24;9(2):309–321. doi: 10.1093/nar/9.2.309. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Murphy K. C., Fenton A. C., Poteete A. R. Sequence of the bacteriophage P22 anti-recBCD (abc) genes and properties of P22 abc region deletion mutants. Virology. 1987 Oct;160(2):456–464. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90017-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Oliver D. B., Crowther R. A. DNA sequence of the tail fibre genes 36 and 37 of bacteriophage T4. J Mol Biol. 1981 Dec 15;153(3):545–568. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90407-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Oliver D. B., Goldberg E. B. Protection of parental T4 DNA from a restriction exonuclease by the product of gene 2. J Mol Biol. 1977 Nov;116(4):877–881. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(77)90276-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Raleigh E. A., Wilson G. Escherichia coli K-12 restricts DNA containing 5-methylcytosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Dec;83(23):9070–9074. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.23.9070. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Revel H. R., Luria S. E. DNA-glucosylation in T-even phage: genetic determination and role in phagehost interaction. Annu Rev Genet. 1970;4(0):177–192. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.04.120170.001141. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Russel M., Model P. Replacement of the fip gene of Escherichia coli by an inactive gene cloned on a plasmid. J Bacteriol. 1984 Sep;159(3):1034–1039. doi: 10.1128/jb.159.3.1034-1039.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Sakaki Y. Inactivation of the ATP-dependent DNase of Escherichia coli after infection with double-stranded DNA phages. J Virol. 1974 Dec;14(6):1611–1612. doi: 10.1128/jvi.14.6.1611-1612.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Schaus N. A., Wright A. Inhibition of Escherichia coli exonuclease V by bacteriophage Mu. Virology. 1980 Apr 15;102(1):214–217. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90083-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Shine J., Dalgarno L. The 3'-terminal sequence of Escherichia coli 16S ribosomal RNA: complementarity to nonsense triplets and ribosome binding sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Apr;71(4):1342–1346. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.4.1342. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Silverstein J. L., Goldberg E. B. T4 DNA injection. I. Growth cycle of a gene 2 mutant. Virology. 1976 Jul 1;72(1):195–211. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90323-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Silverstein J. L., Goldberg E. B. T4 DNA injection. II. Protection of entering DNA from host exonuclease V. Virology. 1976 Jul 1;72(1):212–223. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(76)90324-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Snustad D. P. Dominance interactions in Escherichia coli cells mixedly infected with bacteriophage T4D wild-type and amber mutants and their possible implications as to type of gene-product function: catalytic vs. stoichiometric. Virology. 1968 Aug;35(4):550–563. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(68)90285-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Tabor S., Richardson C. C. A bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase/promoter system for controlled exclusive expression of specific genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Feb;82(4):1074–1078. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.4.1074. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Tanner D., Oishi M. The effect of bacteriophage T4 infection on an ATP-dependent deoxyribonuclease in Escherichia coli. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1971 Feb 11;228(3):767–769. doi: 10.1016/0005-2787(71)90747-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Unger R. C., Clark A. J. Interaction of the recombination pathways of bacteriophage lambda and its host Escherichia coli K12: effects on exonuclease V activity. J Mol Biol. 1972 Oct 14;70(3):539–548. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(72)90558-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Van Vliet F., Couturier M., De Lafonteyne J., Jedlicki E. Mu-1 directed inhibition of DNA breakdown in Escherichia coli, recA cells. Mol Gen Genet. 1978 Aug 4;164(1):109–112. doi: 10.1007/BF00267606. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Velten J., Abelson J. The generation and analysis of clones containing bacteriophage T4 DNA fragments. J Mol Biol. 1980 Feb 25;137(2):235–248. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90327-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Williams J. G., Radding C. M. Partial purification and properties of an exonuclease inhibitor induced by bacteriophage Mu-1. J Virol. 1981 Aug;39(2):548–558. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.2.548-558.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES