Skip to main content
PMC home page
British Journal of Cancer logoLink to British Journal of Cancer
. 1998 Jun;77(12):2210–2214. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1998.368

The luminescence immunoassay S-100: a sensitive test to measure circulating S-100B: its prognostic value in malignant melanoma.

J M Bonfrer 1, C M Korse 1, O E Nieweg 1, E M Rankin 1
PMCID: PMC2150414  PMID: 9649135

Abstract

In this study we measured S-100B using a recently developed luminometric immunoassay with a detection limit of 0.02 microg l(-1). By measuring serum S-100B concentrations in 58 apparently healthy individuals a reference value of 0.16 microg l(-1) was found. To assess the sensitivity of the assay we measured levels of S-100B protein in the serum of 251 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma before the start of treatment. Only one of 179 patients with limited disease had a serum concentration higher than the reference value, whereas elevated levels were seen in 79% of patients with metastasized disease. In the latter group the NSE serum concentration was elevated in 42%. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve it is shown that S-100B is a significantly better parameter than neuron-specific enolase (NSE) for distinguishing patients with limited disease from those with extensive melanoma. Pretreatment S-100B values were highly predictive for the period of survival. Patients with limited disease have increased risk for early death with increasing levels of S-100B protein. Within the group of patients with positive lymph nodes and/or with distant metastases, elevated S-100B levels strongly identified high-risk patients. Our study indicates that the measurement of S-100B as a tumour marker in the management of patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma has clinical significance.

Full text

PDF
2211

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Baudier J., Glasser N., Gerard D. Ions binding to S100 proteins. I. Calcium- and zinc-binding properties of bovine brain S100 alpha alpha, S100a (alpha beta), and S100b (beta beta) protein: Zn2+ regulates Ca2+ binding on S100b protein. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jun 25;261(18):8192–8203. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Body J. J., Paesmans M., Sculier J. P., Dabouis G., Bureau G., Libert P., Berchier M. C., Raymakers N., Klastersky J. Monoclonal immunoradiometric assay and polyclonal radioimmunoassay compared for measuring neuron-specific enolase in patients with lung cancer. Clin Chem. 1992 May;38(5):748–751. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Breslow A. Thickness, cross-sectional areas and depth of invasion in the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Ann Surg. 1970 Nov;172(5):902–908. doi: 10.1097/00000658-197011000-00017. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cho K. H., Hashimoto K., Taniguchi Y., Pietruk T., Zarbo R. J., An T. Immunohistochemical study of melanocytic nevus and malignant melanoma with monoclonal antibodies against S-100 subunits. Cancer. 1990 Aug 15;66(4):765–771. doi: 10.1002/1097-0142(19900815)66:4<765::aid-cncr2820660428>3.0.co;2-m. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cochran A. J., Lu H. F., Li P. X., Saxton R., Wen D. R. S-100 protein remains a practical marker for melanocytic and other tumours. Melanoma Res. 1993 Oct;3(5):325–330. doi: 10.1097/00008390-199310000-00004. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cochran A. J., Wen D. R., Herschman H. R., Gaynor R. B. Detection of S-100 protein as an aid to the identification of melanocytic tumors. Int J Cancer. 1982 Sep 15;30(3):295–297. doi: 10.1002/ijc.2910300307. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Day C. L., Jr, Lew R. A. Malignant melanoma prognostic factors 7: elective lymph node dissection. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1985 Mar;11(3):233–239. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-4725.1985.tb03000.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Fagnart O. C., Sindic C. J., Laterre C. Particle counting immunoassay of S100 protein in serum. Possible relevance in tumors and ischemic disorders of the central nervous system. Clin Chem. 1988 Jul;34(7):1387–1391. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Gaynor R., Irie R., Morton D., Herschman H. R. S100 protein is present in cultured human malignant melanomas. Nature. 1980 Jul 24;286(5771):400–401. doi: 10.1038/286400a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Guo H. B., Stoffel-Wagner B., Bierwirth T., Mezger J., Klingmüller D. Clinical significance of serum S100 in metastatic malignant melanoma. Eur J Cancer. 1995 Oct;31A(11):1898–1902. doi: 10.1016/0959-8049(95)00087-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hanley J. A., McNeil B. J. A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves derived from the same cases. Radiology. 1983 Sep;148(3):839–843. doi: 10.1148/radiology.148.3.6878708. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Henze G., Dummer R., Joller-Jemelka H. I., Böni R., Burg G. Serum S100--a marker for disease monitoring in metastatic melanoma. Dermatology. 1997;194(3):208–212. doi: 10.1159/000246103. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Hirai S., Kageshita T., Kimura T., Tsujisaki M., Imai K., Wakamatsu K., Ito S., Ono T. Serum levels of sICAM-1 and 5-S-cysteinyldopa as markers of melanoma progression. Melanoma Res. 1997 Feb;7(1):58–62. doi: 10.1097/00008390-199702000-00009. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Miliotes G., Lyman G. H., Cruse C. W., Puleo C., Albertini P. A., Rapaport D., Glass F., Fenske N., Soriano T., Cuny C. Evaluation of new putative tumor markers for melanoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 1996 Nov;3(6):558–563. doi: 10.1007/BF02306089. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Missler U., Wiesmann M. Measurement of S-100 protein in human blood and cerebrospinal fluid: analytical method and preliminary clinical results. Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem. 1995 Oct;33(10):743–748. doi: 10.1515/cclm.1995.33.10.743. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schäfer B. W., Heizmann C. W. The S100 family of EF-hand calcium-binding proteins: functions and pathology. Trends Biochem Sci. 1996 Apr;21(4):134–140. doi: 10.1016/s0968-0004(96)80167-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Wibe E., Paus E., Aamdal S. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) in serum of patients with malignant melanoma. Cancer Lett. 1990 Jun 30;52(1):29–31. doi: 10.1016/0304-3835(90)90073-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. von Schoultz E., Hansson L. O., Djureen E., Hansson J., Kärnell R., Nilsson B., Stigbrand T., Ringborg U. Prognostic value of serum analyses of S-100 beta protein in malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res. 1996 Apr;6(2):133–137. doi: 10.1097/00008390-199604000-00008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from British Journal of Cancer are provided here courtesy of Cancer Research UK

RESOURCES