Skip to main content
Journal of Bacteriology logoLink to Journal of Bacteriology
. 1981 Aug;147(2):443–451. doi: 10.1128/jb.147.2.443-451.1981

A cloned gene that is turned on at an intermediate stage of spore formation in Bacillus subtilis.

J F Ollington, R Losick
PMCID: PMC216063  PMID: 6790516

Abstract

Cells of Bacillus subtilis synthesize a relatively long-lived ribonucleic acid (RNA) of about 300 bases during the course of spore formation. This transcript does not appear until an intermediate stage (III or IV) of development but is the predominant sporulation-specific transcript among RNAs of discrete size in late (stages IV to VI) developing cells. Appearance of the 300-base RNA is under sporulation control as this transcript could not be detected in cells of an early-blocked sporulation mutant (Spo0A). We have located the coding sequence for the 300-base RNA within a cloned chromosomal segment from the purA-cysA region that was previously shown to contain a cluster of genes that are actively transcribed during sporulation. The coding sequence for the 300-base RNA (designated as the 0.3 kb gene) mapped between a gene (veg) that was actively transcribed during growth and development and a gene (0.4 kb) that was turned on at the onset of sporulation. Although clustered within a small segment of the chromosome, the veg, 0.3 kb, and 0.4 kb transcription units exhibited, therefore, distinct patterns of temporally programmed gene expression. Models for the activation of the 0.3 kb gene at an intermediate stage of development are discussed.

Full text

PDF
450

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. DiCioccio R. A., Strauss N. Patterns of transcription in Bacillus subtilis during sporulation. J Mol Biol. 1973 Jun 25;77(2):325–336. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(73)90338-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dignam S. S., Setlow P. In vivo and in vitro synthesis of the spore-specific proteins A and C of bacillus megaterium. J Biol Chem. 1980 Sep 25;255(18):8417–8423. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Doi R. H. Genetic control of sporulation. Annu Rev Genet. 1977;11:29–48. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.11.120177.000333. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Franklin R. M. Purification and properties of the replicative intermediate of the RNA bacteriophage R17. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1966 Jun;55(6):1504–1511. doi: 10.1073/pnas.55.6.1504. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Goldman R. C., Tipper D. J. Bacillus subtilis spore coats: complexity and purification of a unique polypeptide component. J Bacteriol. 1978 Sep;135(3):1091–1106. doi: 10.1128/jb.135.3.1091-1106.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Haldenwang W. G., Banner C. D., Ollington J. F., Losick R., Hoch J. A., O'Connor M. B., Sonenshein A. L. Mapping a cloned gene under sporulation control by inserttion of a drug resistance marker into the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. J Bacteriol. 1980 Apr;142(1):90–98. doi: 10.1128/jb.142.1.90-98.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Haldenwang W. G., Lang N., Losick R. A sporulation-induced sigma-like regulatory protein from B. subtilis. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):615–624. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90157-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Haldenwang W. G., Losick R. A modified RNA polymerase transcribes a cloned gene under sporulation control in Bacillus subtilis. Nature. 1979 Nov 15;282(5736):256–260. doi: 10.1038/282256a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Haldenwang W. G., Losick R. Novel RNA polymerase sigma factor from Bacillus subtilis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Dec;77(12):7000–7004. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.12.7000. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hoch J. A. Genetics of bacterial sporulation. Adv Genet. 1976;18:69–98. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60437-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Linn T., Losick R. The program of protein synthesis during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Cell. 1976 May;8(1):103–114. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(76)90191-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Moran C. P., Jr, Losick R., Sonenshein A. L. Identification of a sporulation locus in cloned Bacillus subtilis deoxyribonucleic acid. J Bacteriol. 1980 Apr;142(1):331–334. doi: 10.1128/jb.142.1.331-334.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Munoz L., Sadaie Y., Doi R. H. Spore coat protein of Bacillus subtilis. Structure and precursor synthesis. J Biol Chem. 1978 Oct 10;253(19):6694–6701. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Ollington J. F., Haldenwang W. G., Huynh T. V., Losick R. Developmentally regulated transcription in a cloned segment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. J Bacteriol. 1981 Aug;147(2):432–442. doi: 10.1128/jb.147.2.432-442.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Piggot P. J., Coote J. G. Genetic aspects of bacterial endospore formation. Bacteriol Rev. 1976 Dec;40(4):908–962. doi: 10.1128/br.40.4.908-962.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schaeffer P., Millet J., Aubert J. P. Catabolic repression of bacterial sporulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1965 Sep;54(3):704–711. doi: 10.1073/pnas.54.3.704. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Segall J., Losick R. Cloned Bacillus subtilis DNA containing a gene that is activated early during sporulation. Cell. 1977 Aug;11(4):751–761. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90289-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Setlow P. Identification and localization of the major proteins degraded during germination of Bacillus megaterium spores. J Biol Chem. 1975 Oct 25;250(20):8159–8167. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Sterlini J. M., Mandelstam J. Commitment to sporulation in Bacillus subtilis and its relationship to development of actinomycin resistance. Biochem J. 1969 Jun;113(1):29–37. doi: 10.1042/bj1130029. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sumida-Yasumoto C., Doi R. H. Transcription from the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid strands of Bacillus subtilis during various stages of sporulation. J Bacteriol. 1974 Feb;117(2):775–782. doi: 10.1128/jb.117.2.775-782.1974. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Young M. Use of temperature-sensitive mutants to study gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol. 1976 May;126(2):928–936. doi: 10.1128/jb.126.2.928-936.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Bacteriology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES